選修作業(yè)day5刷題訓練營

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打卡第五天：加強題2（答案請用紅色標出）

Thereisagreatdealofgeographicalvariationinthefrequencyofmanysurgicalprocedures-uptotenfoldvariationperhundredthousandpeopleamongdifferentareasinthenumbersofhysterectomies,prostatectomies,andtonsillectomies.

Tosupportaconclusionthatmuchofthevariationisduetounnecessarysurgicalprocedures,itwouldbemostimportanttoestablishwhichofthefollowing?

邏輯鏈分析：

AAlocalboardofreviewateachhospitalexaminestherecordsofeveryoperationtodeterminewhetherthesurgicalprocedurewasnecessary.分析A選項：

BThevariationisunrelatedtofactors(otherthanthesurgicalproceduresthemselves)thatinfluencetheincidenceofdiseasesforwhichsurgerymightbeconsidered.

分析B選項：

CThereareseveralcategoriesofsurgicalprocedure(otherthanhysterectomies,prostatectomies,andtonsillectomies)thatareoftenperformedunnecessarily.

分析C選項：

DForcertainsurgicalprocedures.itisdifficulttodetermineaftertheoperationwhethertheprocedureswerenecessaryorwhetheralternativetreatmentwouldhavesucceeded.

分析D選項：

EWithrespecttohowoftentheyareperformedunnecessarily,hysterectomies,prostatectomies,andtonsillectomiesarerepresentativeofsurgicalproceduresingeneral.

分析E選項：

Studieshaveshownthatelderlypeoplewhopracticeareligionaremuchmorelikelytodieimmedia yafteranimportantreligiousholidayperiodthanimmedia ybeforeone.Researchershaveconcludedthatthewilltolivecanprolonglife,atleastforshortperiodsoftime.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheresearchers'conclusion?

邏輯鏈分析：

AElderlypeoplewhopracticeareligionarelesslikelytodieimmedia ybeforeorduringanimportantreligiousholidaythanatanyothertimeoftheyear

分析A選項：

BElderlypeoplewhopracticeareligionappeartoexperiencelessanxietyattheprospectofdyingthandootherpeople.

分析B選項：

CSomeelderlypeoplewhodopracticeareligionlivemuchlongerthanmostelderlypeoplewhodonot.

分析C選項：

DMostelderlypeoplewhoparticipateinreligiousholidayshavedifferentreasonsforparticipatingthanyoungpeopledo.

分析D選項：

EManyreligionshaveimportantholidaysinthespringandfall,seasonswiththelowestdeathratesforelderlypeople.

分析E選項：

Thetraditionaltreatmentofstrepinfectionshasbeenaseven-daycourseofantibiotics,eitherpenicillinorerythromycin.However,sincemanypatientsstoptakingthosedrugswithinthreedays,reinfectioniscommonincaseswherethosedrugsareprescribed.Anewantibioticrequiresonlyathree-daycourseoftreatment.Therefore,reinfectionwillprobablybelesscommonincaseswherethenewantibioticisprescribedthanincaseswhereeitherpenicillinorerythromycinisprescribed.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheargument?

邏輯鏈分析：

ASomeofthepeoplewhoareallergictopenicillinarelikelytobeallergictothenewantibiotic.

分析A選項：

BAcourseoftreatmentwiththenewantibioticcostsaboutthesameasacourseoftreatmentwitheitherpenicillinorerythromycin.

分析B選項：

CThenewantibiotichasbeenshowntobeeffectiveineradicatingbacterialinfectionsotherthanstrep.

分析C選項：

DSomephysicianshavealreadybeguntoprescribethenewantibioticinsteadofpenicillinorerythromycinforthetreatmentofsomestrepinfections.分析D選項：

ERegardlessofwhethertheytakeatraditionalantibioticorthenewone,mostpatientsfeelfullyrecoveredaftertakingthedrugforthreedays.

分析E選項：

Macrophagesarecellsthatyaroleintheresponseoftheimmunesystemofmiceandotherm lstoinvasiveorganismssuchasbacteria.Unlikeothermice,micethataregeneticallyincapableofmakingtheseparticularcellsdonotshowelevatedlevelsofnitrateswheninfectedwithbacteria.

Thestatementsabove,iftrue,providethemostsupportforwhichofthefollowingconclusions?

邏輯鏈分析：

AMicethatareunableeithertomakemacrophagesortomaketheminsufficientnumberswillprotectthemselvesfrombacterialinfectionsinsomeotherway.

分析A選項：

BMicethatshowelevatedlevelsofnitratescaneasilyfightoffmosttypesofbacterialinfections.

分析B選項：

CInmice,macrophagesyaroleintheproductionofnitratesorinhibitaprocessbywhichnitratesarebrokendownorotherwiseeliminated.

分析C選項：

DWhenahealthymouse esinfectedwithaninvasiveorganism,thenumberofmacrophagesinthemouse'sbodydecreases.

分析D選項：

EInjectionsofnitratesintomicethatlackmacrophageswillnotenhancetheabilityoftheseanimals'immunesystemstofightoffinfection.

分析E選項：

Inresponsetoviralinfection,theimmunesystemsofmicetypicallyproduceantibodiesthatdestroythebybindingtoproteinsonitssurface.Miceinfectedwithaherpesgenerallydevelopkeratitis,adegenerativediseaseaffectingpartoftheeye.Sinceproteinsonthesurfaceofcellsinthispartoftheeyecloselyresemblethoseontheherpessurface,scientistshypothesizethatthesecasesofkeratitisarecausedbyantibodiestoherpes.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,givesthegreatestadditionalsupporttothescientists'hypothesis?

邏輯鏈分析：

AOthertypesofhavesurfaceproteinsthatcloselyresembleproteinsfoundinvariousorgansofmice.

分析A選項：

BTherearemicethatareunabletoformantibodiesinresponsetoherpesinfections,andthesemicecontractherpesatroughlythesamerateasothermice.

分析B選項：

CMicethatareinfectedwithaherpesbutdonotdevelopkeratitisproduceasmanyantibodiesasinfectedmicethatdodevelopkeratitis.分析C選項：

DTherearemicethatareunabletoformantibodiesinresponsetoherpesinfections,andthesemicesurvivetheseinfectionswithouteverdevelokeratitis.

分析D選項：

EMicethathaveneverbeeninfectedwithaherpescansometimesdevelopkeratitis.

分析E選項：

A nstodevelopaprototypeweedingmachinethatusescuttingbladeswithopticalsensorsandmicroprocessorsthatdistinguishweedsfromcropntsbydifferencesinshadeofcolor.Theinventorofthemachineclaimsthatitwillreducelaborcostsbyvirtuallyeliminatingtheneedformanualweeding.

Whichofthefollowingisaconsiderationinfavorofthe 'simplementingitsntodeveloptheprototype?

邏輯鏈分析：

AThereisaconsiderabledegreeofvariationinshadeofcolorbetweenweedsofdifferentspecies.

分析A選項：

BTheshadeofcolorofsomentstendstochangeappreciablyoverthecourseoftheirgrowingseason.

分析B選項：

CWhencropsareweededmanually,overallsizeandleafshapearetakenintoaccountindistinguishingcropntsfromweeds.

分析C選項：

DSelectionandgeneticmanipulationallowntsofvirtuallyanyspeciestobeeconomicallybredtohaveadistinctiveshadeofcolorwithoutalteringtheirothercharacteristics.

分析D選項：

EFarmlaborerswhoareresponsibleforthemanualweedingofcropscarryoutotheragriculturaldutiesattimesinthegrowingseasonwhenextensiveweedingisnotnecessary.

分析E選項：

Peoplewhohavespentalotoftimeincontactwithanimalsoftendevelopanimal-inducedallergies,someofthemquiteserious.Inasurveyofcurrentemployeesinmajorzoos,about30percenthadanimal-inducedallergies.Basedonthissample,expertsconcludethatamongmembersofthegeneralpopulationwhohavespentasimilarlylargeamountoftimeinclosecontactwithanimals,thepercentagewithanimal-inducedallergiesisnot30percentbutsubstantiallymore.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestgroundsfortheexperts'conclusion?

邏輯鏈分析：

AAzooemployeewhodevelopsaseriousanimal-inducedallergyisverylikelytoswitchtosomeotheroccupation.

分析A選項：

BAzooemployeeismorelikelythana inthegeneralpopulationtokeeponeormoreanimalpetsathome

分析B選項：

CThepercentageofthegeneralpopulationwhoselevelofexposuretoanimalsmatchesthatofazooemployeeisquitesmall.

分析C選項：

DExposuretodomesticpetsis,onthewhole,lesslikelytocause

animal-inducedallergythanexposuretomanyoftheanimalskeptinzoos.

分析D選項：

EZooemployeesseldomwearprotectivegearwhentheyhandleanimalsintheircare.

分析E選項：

Whenanairneistakenoutofserviceformaintenance,itisoftenrepaintedaswell,andduringtherepaintingnoother