2017年10月邏輯課中第三天第二次

：sasori003 將會(huì)被錄→不一定會(huì)被錄→沒(méi)戴帽子的人有可能是沒(méi)有錢買帽→可能不超過(guò)90%的人買不起那輛：sasori003 intoquestion/flaw/weakness/rebuttal…Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheconclusiondrawninthepassage?Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldindicatethemostweaknessinthenWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,castsmostdoubtwhetherthen,ifimplemented,willachieveits：sasori003 性假設(shè)，其次考慮其有significantly其次考慮存在性假設(shè)設(shè)優(yōu)先考慮可行性假設(shè)其次考慮性假設(shè)（單面性）和其他假設(shè) 實(shí)現(xiàn)了也實(shí)現(xiàn)：sasori003 文章：A&B選項(xiàng)：A&C×文章：Aisgood選項(xiàng)：A＜B×文章：A&B選項(xiàng)：AB×問(wèn)題：削弱選項(xiàng)：加強(qiáng)問(wèn)題：加強(qiáng) 條件C在未來(lái)是否會(huì)發(fā)C在過(guò)去為什么優(yōu)先考慮等效性/守恒性有significantly優(yōu)先考慮優(yōu)先考慮排他性假設(shè)，其次考慮存在假設(shè)（優(yōu)先考慮可行性假設(shè)，其次考慮性假 ：sasori003 Statenationspokers :Manyentrepreneurswhohavenotbeentoourcountrybelievethatwehaveapoorroadsystem.Thosepeoplearemistaken,asisclearfromthefactthatineachofthepastfiveyears,ourcountryhasspentmoremoneyper onroadimprovementsthananyothercountry.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminesthereasoninginthespokes ’sargument? 問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找道路不一定不比別人差選

Inthespokes’scountry,spendingonimprovementshasbeenincreasingmoreslowlyoverthefiveyearsthanithasinseveralotherAdequacyofacountry’sroadsystemisgenerallylessimportanttoabusinessconsideringngbusinesstherethanistheavailabilityofqualifiedemployees.Overthepastfiveyears,numerousbusinesshaveleftthespokes’scountry,butaboutasmanybusinesshavemovedintothecountry.Ingeneral,thenumberofofroadinacountry’sroadsystemdependsonboththeareaandthepopulationoftheOnlycountrieswithseriouslyinadequateroadsystemsneedtospendlargeamountsofmoneyonroadimprovements：sasori003

Treatmentforhighbloodpressure allscertainmedicalfeesbypreventingstrokesandheartdisease.However,anymoneysosavedamountstoonlyone-fifthoftheexpendituresneededtotreatthehighbloodpressure.Therefore,thereisnoeconomicjustificationfortreatmentforhighbloodWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,ismostdamagingtotheconclusionabove?

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找不一定沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)理由選背景：治療高血壓能預(yù)防中風(fēng)心臟病從而省下治省下治療費(fèi)不到

不到

：sasori003 ThemanyfatalstrokesandheartattacksduetountreatedhighpressurecauseinsignificantmedicalfeesbutlargeeconomiclossesotherThecost,perpatient,ofpreventivetreatmentforhighbloodpressurewouldremainstableevenifsuchtreatmentwereinstitutedonalargeInmattersofhealthcare,economicconsiderationsshouldideallynotEffectivepreventionpresupposesearlydiagnosis,andprogramstoensureearlydiagnosisarecostly.Thenetsavingsinmedicalresourcesachievedbysomepreventivehealthmeasuresaresmallerthanthenetlossesattributabletocertainothermeasuresofthis

Onaverage,thetreatmentofurgentsituationforanelderlyforinjuriesresultingofafallcosts$15000.Atherapeuticprogramcanconsiderablyreducean’spossibilityoffalling.Obviouslydesirableformanyreasons,butthistreatmentprogramwillcost$17500andthuscannotbejustified.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakentheconclusionabove?

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找不一定沒(méi)有理由選背景：跌倒急救費(fèi)15000，新方案降低跌倒的可能

花

由由 Amongelderlypeoplewhohadonlyfollowedtheprogramforonlyafewmonths,thefigureofseriousfallsreportedwasbiggerthanitwasforpeoplewhohadalreadyfollowedtheprogramforits minimumlengthofoneyear.Fallsleadingtoseriousinjuriesarelessfrequentamongelderlypeoplelivinginnursinghousesthantheyareamongelderlypeoplewholiveathomebythemselves. Afrequentinjuryresultsustainedinfallsislong-termpain,medicationforwhichisnotcalculatedamongtheaverageper-costsoftreatmentofurgentsituationforelderlypeople'sinjuriesfromsuchfalls.Thenovicetherapeuticprogramconcentratesontherapiesotherthanmedication,sinceovermedicationcanresultindisorientationandthereforeincreasethelikelihoodthatanelderlywillhaveserious Aconsiderableportionofthecostofthenovicetherapeuticprogramisrepresentedbyregularvisitsbyhealthinsuranceprofessionals,thecostsofwhichtendtoincreasemorequicklythandothoseofotherfactorsoftheprogram.：sasori003

Scientistsnowbelievethatartificial-hipimnts,previouslythoughttobesafe,mayactuallyincreasetheriskofcancerinrecipientsafterabout45yearsofuse.Thoughtheseimntsdoimprovethequalityofrecipient’slives,theincreasedriskofcancerisanunacceptablepricetopayfortheseimprovements.Therefore,theyshouldbebanned.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthestrongestweaknesstotheargumentabove?：sasori003

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找手術(shù)不一定 的選 率增加是不可被接受的代

Artificial-hipimntsurgerycancauseseverecomplications,suchasinfection,chronicfever,andbonedegeneration,andthesecomplicationscanthemselvesbecripplingorevenfatal.Almostallartificial-hipimntrecipientsreceivetheirimntsatanwhentheyareunlikelytolivemorethananadditional30Althoughartificial-hipimntsincreasetheriskofcancerafteraboutyearofuse,afewofthecancerstheyinducearenotSinceartificial-hipimntsarenotverycommon,banningthemcauselittle Althoughthebenefitsofartificial-hipimntsurgeryhaveremainedsubstantiallythesameoverthepastdecade,thepriceofthesurgeryhasrisenconsiderably.：sasori003

TheaveragelifeexpectancyfortheUnitedStatesasawholeis73.9years,butchildrenborninHawaiiwillliveanaverageof77years,andthoseborninLouisiana,71.7years.IfanewlywedcouplefromLouisianaweretobegintheirfamilyinHawaii,therefore,theirchildrenwouldbeexpectedtolivelongerthanwouldbethecaseifthefamilyremainedinLouisiana.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheconclusiondrawninthepassage?

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找搬去夏威夷不一定長(zhǎng)壽的選背景：夏威夷平均

：sasori003 InsurancestatisticiansdonotbelievethatmovingHawaiiwillsignificantlylengthentheaverageLouisianan’sTheernorofLouisianahasfalselyallegedthatstatisticsareThelongevityascribedtoHawaii’scurrentpopulationattributablemostlytogeneticallydeterminedThirtypercentofallLouisiananscanexpecttolivelongerthan77years.MostoftheHawaiianIslandshavelevelsofairpollutionwellbelowthenationalaveragefortheUnitedStates.：sasori003

Thepriceofmaplesyruphasjumpedfrom22dollarsagallonthreeyearsagoto40dollarsagallontoday.Itcanbeconcludedthatmaple-syrupharvestershavebeenartificiallyinflatingpricesandthaternmentalpriceregulationsarenecessarytocontrolrisingprices.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,caststhemostdoubtontheconclusiondrawnabove?：sasori003

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找不一定有必要控制價(jià)格的

Theernmentalreadyrequiresmaple-syrupharvesterstosubmittheirfacilitiestolicensingbythehealthdepartment.Insectinfestationanddroughthavestuntedthegrowthofsyrup-producingmapletreesandcausedless-abundantsyrupharvests.默認(rèn)：供不應(yīng)求價(jià)格上漲；供過(guò)于求價(jià)格下降Maplesyrupisproducedinruralareasthatsufferfromhighunemployment.Technologicalimprovementsinmaple-syrupharvestinghavereducedproductioncosts.Maple-syruppriceshaverisenmanytimesinthepast,thoughneverbeforeattheraterecentlyobserved.：sasori003

條件論C在未來(lái)是否會(huì)發(fā)生優(yōu)先考慮等效性/守恒性假設(shè)，其次考慮有significantly優(yōu)先考慮性假優(yōu)先考慮排他性假設(shè)，其次考慮存在性假設(shè)（因果關(guān)系）和其他假設(shè)優(yōu)先考慮可行性假設(shè)，其次考慮性假同因反果/反因同 ：sasori003

Anexcessivelycentralizedeconomy,notthechangesintheclimate,isresponsiblefortheinadequateagriculturalproductioninCountryXsinceitsnewadministrationcametopower.NeighboringCountryYhasexperiencedthesameclimaticcircumstance,butwhenagriculturalproductionhasbeenfallinginCountryX,ithasbeenrisinginCountryY.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakenargument

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找原因不一定是經(jīng)濟(jì)集中化的選背景：X和Y氣候環(huán)境相同，Y作物產(chǎn)量上升。

IndustrialproductionalsoisdeclininginCountryWhereasCountryYislandlocked,CountryXhasamajorBothCountryXandCountryYhavebeenexperiencingdroughtconditions.ThecropsthathavealwaysbeengrowninCountryXaredifferentfromthosethathavealwaysbeengrowninCountryY.CountryX'snewadministrationinstitutedacentralizedeconomywiththeintentionofensuringanequitabledistributionofgoods.

Advertisement:Tenyearsago,theHiltonHo'slobbywascarpetedwithHimalayacarpetwhilethelobbyofanearbyhowasbeingcarpetedwithourcompetitor'smostdurablecarpet.Nowadays,afteradecadeinwhichthetwohoshavehadsimilaramountsoffoottrafficthroughtheirlobbies,thatotherhoishavingtorecetheworn-outcarpetingnearitslobbyentrances,whereastheHilton'sHimalayacarpetinghasyearsofwearleftinit.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheoftheadvertisement'sevidenceforconcludingthatHimalayacarpetismoredurablethanthecarpetofitscompetitor?：sasori003

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找原因不一定是H更耐磨的選項(xiàng)背景：用H地毯，對(duì)手用別的地毯

不不：sasori003 ThelobbyoftheHiltonHohasfivedifferententrances,thelobbyoftheotherhohasonlyThecarpetoftheHiltonHo'slobbyisnotthemostdurablecarpetthatHimalayamanufactures.TheotherhohasapopularrestaurantthatcanbefromoutsidewithoutwalkingthroughthehoThecarpetthatisbeingusedtorececarpetingneartheotherho'slobbyentrancesisnotHimalayacarpet.ThereisathirdhoneartheothertwothathasnotrecedtheHimalayacarpetinitslobbyformorethan15years.：sasori003

Theiceonthefrontwindowshieldofthecarhadformedwhenmoisturecondensedduringthenight.Theicemeltedquicklyafterthecarwaswarmedupthenextmorningbecausethedefrostingvent,whichblowsonthefrontwindshield,wasturnedonfull.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyjeopardizesthevalidityoftheexnationforthespeedwithwhichtheice：sasori003

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找原因不一定是除霜的選背景：車前窗晚上結(jié)冰。

ThesidewindowshadnoicecondensationonEventhoughnoattemptwasmadetodefrostthebackwindow,theicetheremeltedatthesamerateasdidtheiceonthefrontwindow.Thespeedatwhichiceonawindowmeltsincreaseasthetemperatureoftheairblownonthewindowincrease.ThewarmairfromthedefrostingventforthefrontwindshieldcoolsrapidlyasitdissipatesthroughouttherestofthecarThedefrostingventoperatesefficientlyevenwhentheheater,whichblowswarmairtowardthefeetorfacesofthedriverandpassengers,ison

AnunusuallyseverewinteroccurredinAmericaafterthecontinentwasblanketedbyabluehazeresultingfromtheeruptionoftheKilaVolcanointheAmericainthesummerof1984.Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthatmajoreruptionscausetheatmosphereto ecoolerthanitwouldbeWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostundermineargument

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找火山噴發(fā)不一定導(dǎo)致大氣變冷的選

：sasori003 Thecoolingeffecttriggeredbyvolcaniceruptionsin1985counctedbyanunusuallywarmingofFaciftThereisastrongstatisticallinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandtheseverityoftherainyseasoninAsiaAfewmonthsafterRIBranden’slargeeruptioninMay1983,airtemperaturesthroughouttheregionremainedhigherthanexpected,giventhelong-termweathertrends.Theclimaticeffectsofmajorvolcaniceruptioncantemporarilymaskthegeneralwarmingtrendresultingfromanexcessofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.TwomonthsafteranearlyspringtimeeruptioninNorthEuropeduringthelate18thcentury,seasurfacetemparaturesnearthecoastbegantodecline. Astudyofmaritalrelationshipsinwhichonepartner'ssleeandwakingcyclesdifferfromthoseoftheotherpartnerrevealsthatsuchcouplessharefeweractivitieswitheachotherandhavemoreviolentargumentsthandocouplesinarelationshipinwhichbothpartnersfollowthesameslee andwakingpatterns.Thus,mismatchedslee andwakingcyclescanseriouslyjeopardizeamarriage.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentabove?：

AMarriedcouplesinwhichbothspousesfollowthesame andwakingpatternsalsooccasionallyhaveargumentsthatcanjeopardizethecouple'smarriage.BTheslee andwakingcyclesofindividualstendtovaryfromseasontoseason.CTheIndividualswhohaveslee andwakingcyclesthatdiffersignificantlyfromthoseoftheirspousestendtoarguelittlewithcolleaguesatwork.DPeopleinunhappymarriageshavebeenfoundtoexpresshostilitybyadoptingdifferentslee andwakingcyclesfromthoseoftheirspouses.EAccordingtoarecentstudy,mostpeople's wakingcyclescanbecontrolledandmodified 條件論C在未來(lái)是否會(huì)發(fā)生原因論C在過(guò)去為什么會(huì)發(fā)優(yōu)先考慮等效性/守恒性假設(shè)，其次考慮有significantly優(yōu)先優(yōu)先考慮排他性假設(shè)，其次考慮存在性假設(shè)（果關(guān)系）和其他優(yōu)先考慮可行性假設(shè)，其次考慮性假設(shè)（單面找他同因反果/反因b.實(shí)現(xiàn)了也實(shí)現(xiàn)不了：sasori003

特殊形式：N-GOAL（目的：n,proposal, 推論：正確答案盡量和n及goal高度相：sasori003

Expertsarediscussingwaystoremoveexcesscarbondioxidefromtheatmospherebyraisingtheamountthatisabsorbedby ntlife.Oneofthe nstoachievethisistoestablishgiantfloatingseaweedfarmsinthewild.Whenthe ntsdie,theywillbedisposedofbybeingburnedforWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldindicatetheseriousweaknessin n

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找養(yǎng)海藻不一定減少CO2的選項(xiàng)背景：海藻死后做燒

減少大氣中：sasori003 SomeareasofoceanintheSouthernHemispheredocontainsufficientnutrientstosupportlargeseaweedWhenaseaweed ntisburned,itreleasesanamountofcarbondioxidecomparabletotheamountithasabsorbedinitsEvenifseaweedfarmsproveeffective,somepeoplewillbereluctanttoswitchtothisnewfuel.Eachyearaboutsevenbilliontonsofcarbondioxidearereleasedintotheatmospherebutonlyaboutfivebilliontonsareabsorbedby ntlife.Seaweedfarmswouldmakemoremoneybyfarmingseaweedtosellasnutritionalsupplementsthanbyfarmingseaweedtosellasfuel.

TigersharksarecommoninthewaterssurroundingTalenareIsland.Usuallytigersharksfeedonsmallersharks,yetsometimestheyhaveattackedtouristsswimmingandsurfingatTalenare'sbeaches.ThishashurtTalenare'stourismindustry,whichissecondonlytoitsfishingindustryinannual es.Tohelptheeconomy,therefore,theleaderoftheislandhassuggestedanongoingprogramtokillanytigersharkswithinaofthebeaches.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglycallsintoquestionlikelihoodthatimplementationofthemayor'sproposalwillhavethedesiredconsequence?：sasori003

問(wèn)題：削弱論證，找殺虎鯊不一定幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)的選背景：虎鯊吃小鯊。經(jīng)濟(jì)由旅游業(yè)和漁業(yè)構(gòu)成。虎鯊攻擊 旅游業(yè)

幫助旅游 Evenifnotallthetigersharksthatcomeclosetothearekilled,th