2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省惠州市統(tǒng)招專升本英語自考真題(含答案及部分解析)

2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省惠州市統(tǒng)招專升本英語自考真題(含答案及部分解析)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、單選題(20題)1.Sheputanextrablanketoverthebabylesthe_____acold（）

A.catchesB.shouldcatchC.caughtD.couldcatch

2.______somedegree,allmanagerswhosupervisepeopleareinvolvedinHRactivities（）

A.OnB.ToC.ForD.With

3.Thecountrylifehewasusedto______greatlysince1992（）

A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged

4.It'smygreathonortogiveaspeechattheopeningceremonyoftheArtFestival（）

A.toinviteB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited

5.Ilovethinkingofnewdesigns.Itkeepsmymindclearandactiveandfillsmyretiredlifewith_____（）

A.joyB.anxietyC.sorrowD.anger

6.Eachcarsoldinthisspecializedshopcomeswithaone-year（）

A.guaranteeB.safetyC.securityD.insurance

7.Thetrafficwasveryheavy，otherwiseI_____here30minutesago（）

A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.wouldhavebeenD.hadbeen

8.Thesponsorsagreedthattheywouldsupportuswedidn'tbreaktherules（）

A.aswellasB.assoonasC.asfarasD.aslongas

9.Eventhoughthecustomerwasveryrude,theshopassistantcalmandpolite（）

A.restedB.remainedC.wentD.managed

10.Manypeoplebelievethatonehas,oneis,butactuallyitisnottrue（）

A.themoremoney;thehappier

B.themoremoney;themorehappy

C.thelessmoney;thehappier

D.thelessmoney;themorehappy

11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe______himself（）

A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure

12.Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundthecornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice（）

A.beingdoneB.madeC.tobemadeD.havingmade

13.Markplays（）violin,whilehisbrotherpreferstoplay（）baseball

A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/

14.Istayedupallnight_____tofindanewsolutiontotheproblem（）

A.tryingB.havetriedC.tryD.tried

15.Sinceyouarefriends,youdon'thavetobenervouswhenmakingaspeech（）

A.amongB.againstC.overD.in

16.Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnightattheparty.Youwithus（）

A.shouldhavecomeB.mustcomeC.musthavecomeD.shouldcome

17.Apple___tohaveputalotofeffortintodevelopingwirelessear-buds（）

A.saidB.itissaidC.hassaidD.issaid

18.Itwassuggestedthat（）bigeventliketheYearofRussiainChinashouldcertainlybenefit（）relationshipbetweenthetwocountries

A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D.the;/

19.WemustfinishthejobbeforeFriday,nomatter_____difficultitis（）

A.howeverB.whateverC.howD.what

20.Somepeopleareindifferentpoliciesandwhatisgoingoninotherplaces（）

A.offB.withC.onD.to

二、選詞填空題(10題)21.3.____

22.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhogotoconcerts,showsandmuseumscanlivelongerthan1whodonot.ExpertsfromUniversityCollegeLondonhavebeenexaminingthelifestylesofover6,700Britishpeople215years.They3howoftenthepeoplewentoutandwhatkindsofeventstheyattended.Theyfoundthatpeopleover50yearsold4regularlywenttoconcertswereabout30percent5likelytodieoverthenext14years.Theresearcherssaidtheover50scouldextendtheirlife6engagingwiththearts.Inadditiontolivinglongerconcertgoerscouldalsohavemorefun.TheUKHealthSecretaryMattHancockbelievestherecouldbealotof7intheresearch.Hesaidartsandculturecould8thingslikementalhealth,agingandloneliness.He9announcedplansfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicetousetheartstohelppeopleliveahealthierlife.Oneresearchersaid,“Ourresultshighlighttheimportanceof10toexplorenewsocialfactorsthataffectourhealth.”1.____

23.Studentsatuniversitycanlearnandmakefriends1willlastalifetime.However,thecostofstudyingisontherise.Thisincreasemeansthatmoststudentscangetintomoneytrouble2theydonotknowhowtomanagetheirmoney.Itisnotjustthecoursefees.Studentsmustalso3forroomandboard.Inaddition,theymayspendmoney4clothes,travel,andotherthings.Thus,studentsneedtobudget5.Atmostuniversitiesteacherscangivestudentssuggestionsonhowtospendtheirmoney.Thefirstthingtheysuggestistowritedownyour6,forexample,themoneyyouwillgetfromyourfamilyorapart-timejob.Thenlistallofyourexpenses.Putyourexpensesintotwo7:thosethatchange(food,books,travel),andthosethatwillstaythesame(tuition,roomandboard).Addtogetherallofyourexpenses.Whenyoudothis,youfinditis8toplanoutyourbudget.Thismeansyoucansaveyourmoney,ratherthantryingto9fromothers.Asyoucansee,thereismoretolearnatuniversitythanjust10istaughtintheclassroom.____

三、填空題(5題)24.Thereis____ofreligioninourcountry.（free）

25.Wouldyoupleaseprovideuswitha____largeenoughtoholdallthewater?（contain）

26.Manytelevisionviewerstakehimastheir（favor）____actor

27.Whencollegestudentsarecaught____inexam,theycanbekickedoutofschool.（cheat）

28.Shewasengagedinan（argue）____withRobertsaboutequalpayformenandwomen

四、情景對(duì)話(5題)29.75.____（）

30.70.____（）

31.3（）

A.Wheredidyoubuyit?

B.Youlooksoattractive

C.Arethereanyothercolors?

D.Isee,thankyou

E.Sinceherbirthdayiscoming

32.2（）

A.Soundsgreat

B.What’swrong?

C.Isithelpfultome?

D.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit

E.Butwhatifmyparentsdon’tletmedoit

33.M:Doyouthinkourmanagerisgoingtohaveanewfactorybuilt?

W:Isimplydon’tknow.

M:1

W:Hemayhaveplans,buthehasn’tyetspokentomeaboutthem.

M:2

W:Ofcourse.Rightnowwecan’tproducegoodsquickly.Peoplehavetowaitsixmonthsfortheirgoods.

M:3

W:It’stofindlandtobuildthenewfactory.Butsomepeopledon’twantgoodagriculturallandtobebuilton.

M:4

W:Ourmanagerwillpersuadethegovernmenttolethimbuildanewfactory.

M:5

W:Idon’tthinkso.Wejusthavetotrustourmanager

1（）

A.Whatdoyouthinkistohappen?

B.Peoplehavebeentalkingofitrecently

C.Isthereanythingthatwecando?

D.Doyouthinkit’spossiblethatitwillhappen?

E.What’stheproblemthen

五、閱讀理解(5題)34.Themanwhocoinedtheglowwormrhymeprobablynoticedtheylitup_____（）

A.whenitwasdark

B.intherain

C.incertainseasons

D.indampweather

35.PassageOne

Thefactorsthatadduptoahappylifeformostpeoplearenotwhatwetypicallyhearabout.Thingslikeearningamaster’sdegreedon’tmakepeoplehappyoveranextendedperiodoftime.Rather,thekeytohappiness,andthedifferencebetweenhappyandunhappyAmericans，isalifethatreflectsvaluesandpracticeslike:hardwork,marriage,charity,andfreedom.

Work

Whenmorethan1000peopleacrossthecountrywereaskedin2002,Ifyouweretogetenoughmoneytolivecomfortablyfortherestofyourlife,wouldyoustopworking?fewerthanathirdoftheAmericansansweredyes.

Contrarytowidelyheldopinion,mostAmericanslikeorevenlovetheirwork.In2002anamazing89percentofworkerssaidtheywereverysatisfiedorsomewhatsatisfiedwiththeirjobs.Thisisn’ttruejustforthosewithhigh-paying,highlyskilledjobsbutforallworkersacrossthecountry.Andthepercentageisalmostexactlythesameamongthosewithandwithoutcollegedegreesandamongthoseworkingforprivatecompanies,nonprofitorganizationsandthegovernment.

FormostAmericans,jobsatisfactionisnearlyequivalenttolifesatisfaction.Amongthosepeoplewhosaytheyareveryhappyintheirlives,95percentarealsosatisfiedwiththeirjobs.Furthermore,jobsatisfactionwouldseemtobecausingoverallhappiness,nottheotherwayaround.

Marriage&Family

In2004,42percentofmarriedAmericanssaidtheywereveryhappy.Just23percentofnever-marriedpeoplesaidthis.Overall,marriedpeopleweresixtimesmorelikelytosaythattheywereveryhappythantoreportthattheywerenottoohappy.Andgenerallyspeaking,marriedwomensaythey’rehappymoreoftenthanmarriedmen.

Marriageisn’tjustassociatedwithhappiness—itbringshappiness,atleastforalotofus.One2003studythatfollowed24,000peopleformorethanadecadedocumentedasignificantincreaseinhappinessafterpeoplemarried.Forsome,thehappinessincreaseworeoffinafewyears,andtheyendedupbackattheirpremarriagehappinesslevels.Butforothers,itlastedaslongasalifetime.

Whatabouthavingkids?Whilechildren,ontheirown,don’tappeartoraisethehappinesslevel（theyactuallytendtoslightlylowerthehappinessofamarriage）,studiessuggestthatchildrenarealmostalwayspartofanoveralllifestyleofhappiness,whichislikelytoincludesuchthingsasmarriageandreligion.

Charity

We’veallheardthatmoneydoesn’tbuyhappiness,andthat’scertainlytrue.Butthereisonewaytogetit:Givemoneyaway.

Theevidenceisclearthatgiftstocharitableorganizationsandotherworthycausesbringsubstantiallifesatisfactiontothegivers.Ifyouwant＄50inauthentichappinesstoday,justdonateittoafavoritecharity.

Peoplewhogivemoneytocharityare43percentmorelikelythannon-giverstosaythey’reveryhappy.Volunteersare42percentmorelikelytobeveryhappythannon-volunteers.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherthegiftsofmoneygotochurchesorconcerts;religiousgivingandunreligiousgivingleavepeopleequallyhappy,andfarhappierthanpeoplewhodon’tgive.Evendonatingblood,anespeciallypersonalkindofgiving,improvesourattitude.Fundamentally,themorepeoplegive,thehappiertheyget.

Freedom

Infact,freedomandhappinessareintimatelyrelated:Peoplewhoconsiderthemselvesfreearealothappierthanthosewhodon’t.In2000theGeneralSocialSurveyrevealedthatpeoplewhopersonallyfeelcompletelyfreeorveryfreeweretwiceaslikelyasthosewhodon’tsaythey’reveryhappyabouttheirlives.

Notalltypesoffreedomarethesameintermsofhappiness,however.Researchershaveshownthateconomicfreedombringshappiness,asdoespoliticalandreligiousfreedom.Ontheotherhand,moralfreedom—alackofconstraintsonbehaviordoesnot.Peoplewhofeeltheyhaveunlimitedmoralchoicesintheirliveswhenitcomestomattersofsexordrugs,forexample,tendtobeunhappierthanthosewhodonotfeeltheyhavesomanychoicesinlife.

LessonsforAmerica

Thedatatellusthatwhatmattersmostforhappinessisnothavingalotofthingsbuthavinghealthyvalues.Withoutthesevalues,ourjobsandoureconomywillbringusjoylessriches.Thefactscanhelpremindusofwhatweshouldbepayingattentiontoasindividualsandasfamilies,ifwewanttobehappy.Ourhappinessissimplytooimportanttous—andtoAmerica—todoanythingless

Whatwillprobablybringaboutoverallhappiness（）

A.Tobesatisfiedwithone’sjob

B.Toearnalotofmoney

C.Toworkforbigcompanies

D.Togainacollegedegree

36.Thewordcondensation（Par3）means（）

A.watervapor

B.thetemperatureoftheair

C.humidair

D.watervaporchangestoliquidwaterwhentheairiscoldenough

37.Personswhoareoverweightshouldwatchtheirdietcarefullyinordertolosepounds.Thebestwaytodothisistostartaweightcontrolprogram.Atfirstitiswisetotalkwithyourdoctor.Hecanadviseyouofthenumberofcalories（卡路里）youshouldhaveinyourmealseachday.Hecantellyouaboutexercisingwhileonyourdiet.Agoodruleistoloseslowly.Alossofapoundortwoisplenty.

Planmealsaroundfoodsyouknow.Thismeansthatitiswisetoincludefoodsthatyouareusedtoandthatarepartofyourregulareatinghabits.Whenyouhavelosttheweightyouwish,simpleitemscanbeaddedtoyourdietsothatyoucanmaintaintheweightyouwant.Whileyouaredieting,trytobuildapatternofeatingthatyoucanfollowlatertomaintainyourdesiredweight.

Whendieting,chooselow-caloriefoods.Avoidsuchitemsasfats,friedfood,sweets,cakes,creamandsoftdrinks.Trytotakecoffeeandteawithoutsugarorcream.Snackscanbepartofyourdiet.Forexample,apieceoffruitorasimpledessertsavedfrommealtimecanbeeatenbetweenmeals.

Keepbusy!Thiswayyouwillnotbetemptedtogooffthediet.Makefulluseofopportunitiestoexercise.Trywalkinginsteadofridingwheneverpossible.Happydieting!

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage（）

A.Howtodiet

B.Whyweshoulddiet

C.Whatweshoulddiet

D.Whereweshoulddiet

38.ThatcoldJanuarynight,IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco.ThereIwas,walkinghomeatoneinthemorningafteratiringpracticeatthetheatre.Withopeningnightonlyaweekaway,Iwasstilllearningmylines.Iwashavingtroubledealingwithmypart-timejobatthebankandmyactingatnightatthesametime.AsIwalked,IthoughtseriouslyaboutgivingupbothactingandSanFrancisco.Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.

AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings,Ifeltverysmallandcold.Ibeganrunning,bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayfromanypossiblerobbers.Veryfewpeoplewerestilloutexceptafewsad-lookinghomelesspeopleunderblankets.

Aboutablockfrommyapartment,Iheardasoundbehindme.Iturnedquickly,halfexpectingtoseesomeonewithaknifeoragun.Thestreetwasempty.AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight.Still,thenoisehadmademenervous,soIstartedtorunfaster.NotuntilIreachedmyapartmentbuildingandunlockedthedoordidIrealizewhatthenoisehadbeen.Ithadbeenmywalletfallingtothesidewalk.

SuddenlyIwasn'tcoldortiredanymore.IranoutofthedoorandbackwhereI'dheardthenoise.AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkanxiouslyforfifteenminutes,mywalletwasnowheretobefound.

JustasIwasabouttogiveupthesearch,Iheardthegarbagetruckpulluptothesidewalknexttome.Whenavoicecalledfromtheinside,AlisaCamacho?IthoughtIwasdreaming.Howcouldthismanknowmyname?Thedooropened,andoutjumpedasmallred-hairedmanwithanamusedlookinhiseyes.Isthiswhatyou’relookingfor?heasked,holdingupasmallsquareshape.

Itwasnearly3a.m.bythetimeIgotintobed.Iwouldn'tgetmuchsleepthatnight,butIhadgottenmywalletback.Ialsohadgottenbacksomeenjoymentofcitylife.Irealizedthatthecitycouldn’tbeabadplaceaslongaspeoplewerewillingtohelpeachother

Howdidthewriterfeelwhenshewaswalkinghomeafterwork（）

A.Coldandsick

B.Fortunateandhelpful

C.Satisfiedandcheerful

D.Disappointedandhelpless

六、作文(1題)39.1.目前，越來越多的大學(xué)生做兼職。2.大學(xué)生做兼職的利弊。3.你的看法。

參考答案

1.B她給那個(gè)嬰兒多蓋了一條毯子，以防他感冒。

［考點(diǎn)］虛擬語氣

【精析】B由lest,forfearthat,incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，表示免得，以防，唯恐之意時(shí)，從句一般要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形的形式。故選B

2.B在某種程度上，管理人員的所有經(jīng)理都參與人力資源活動(dòng)。

［考點(diǎn)］詞語搭配

【精析】Btosomedegree為固定搭配，意為在某種程度上，從某種程度上來說，也可用toadegree,toacertaindegree。A、C、D三項(xiàng)都不能和somedegree搭配。故選B

3.B句意：他所習(xí)慣的鄉(xiāng)村生活自從1992年以來就發(fā)生了巨大變化。分析句子成分可知，hewasusedto是定語，修飾thecountrylife。句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，并且since1992為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。所以答案是B

4.D受邀在藝術(shù)節(jié)的開幕式上作演講，我感到十分榮幸。

［考點(diǎn)］非謂語動(dòng)詞

【精析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It是形式主語，后面的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語才是句子真正的主語。根據(jù)句意可知，invite（邀請(qǐng)）和其邏輯主語我之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以可排除選項(xiàng)A、B、C。故選D

5.A我喜歡思考新的設(shè)計(jì)，這會(huì)使我的頭腦保持清醒活躍，還會(huì)讓我的退休生活充滿樂趣。

［考點(diǎn)］詞義辨析

【精析】Ajoy：歡樂，樂趣；anxiety：焦慮，憂慮；sorrow：悲傷，痛苦；anger：憤怒，生氣。根據(jù)句意可知，選A

6.A這家專營(yíng)店銷售的汽車都有一年的保修。

［考點(diǎn)］詞義辨析

【精析】Aguarantee：保證，保修；safety：安全；security：安全，保安；insurance：保險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知，選A

7.C交通擁堵嚴(yán)重，否則我三十分鐘前就到這兒了。

［考點(diǎn)］虛擬語氣

【精析】C虛擬條件句有時(shí)不直接表示出來，而是暗含在句子中。本句中otherwise就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)虛擬條件從句，等同于ifthetraffichadnotbeenveryheavy,所以其后的主句應(yīng)用wouldhavedone的形式,表示本可以做到……，而不用其他形式

8.D贊助商同意只要我們不違反規(guī)定，他們就會(huì)支持我們。

［考點(diǎn)］狀語從句

【精析】Daswellas：和……一樣，也，常用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分；assoonas：一……就……，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；asfaras：遠(yuǎn)至，在……的范圍內(nèi)，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)asfarasIknow（就我所知），asfarassb./sth.beconcerned（就……而言）；aslongas：只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知，選D

9.B盡管這個(gè)顧客很粗魯，這名店員依然保持冷靜和禮貌。

［考點(diǎn)］詞義辨析

【精析】Brest：休息，放松；remain：保持不變，仍然是；go：去，出發(fā)；manage：管理，經(jīng)營(yíng)。根據(jù)句意可知，選B

10.A很多人認(rèn)為越有錢就越幸福，但事實(shí)并非如此。

［考點(diǎn)］比較等級(jí)

【精析】A本題考查the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…這一句型，表示越……，就越……。又因?yàn)閔appy屬于輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，其比較級(jí)應(yīng)變y為i，再加-er，即happier。根據(jù)句意可知，選A

11.A

12.B句意：除非借助反射裝置，否則光束在拐角處是不會(huì)改變方向的。本題考查的是省略的用法，madetodoso是itismadetodoso的省略形式。句子中是省略了主語和系動(dòng)詞的分詞狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，況且動(dòng)詞與主語的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用的是過去分詞。所以答案選擇B

13.B馬克拉小提琴，然而他的哥哥更喜歡打棒球。

［考點(diǎn)］冠詞的用法

【精析】B樂器前面應(yīng)用定冠詞the，playtheviolin意為拉小提琴；表示球類、棋類等體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂活動(dòng)的名詞之前，應(yīng)用零冠詞，playbaseball意為打棒球。故選B

14.AA現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語

15.A既然周圍都是朋友，所以作演講的時(shí)候你不必緊張。

［考點(diǎn)］詞義辨析

【精析】Aamong：在……之中，周圍是，表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之中；against：反對(duì)；over：超過，在……之上；in：在……內(nèi)。根據(jù)句意可知，選A

16.A在昨晚的聚會(huì)上我們玩得非常開心，你真應(yīng)該和我們一起去。

［考點(diǎn)］情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

【精析】A根據(jù)句意可知，本句是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)用shouldhavedone結(jié)構(gòu)，表示本應(yīng)該做某事但事實(shí)上沒做。musthavedone表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生事情的肯定推測(cè)，意為肯定已經(jīng)……，不符合題意。故選A

17.D

18.A人們認(rèn)為，在中國(guó)舉辦像俄羅斯年這樣的重大活動(dòng)肯定會(huì)有助于兩國(guó)之間的友好關(guān)系。

［考點(diǎn)］固定用法

【精析】Abigevent并不是特指，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a修飾，而relationshipbetweenthetwocountries是特指中國(guó)與俄羅斯之間的友好關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用定冠詞the來修飾。故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案

19.C不管多么困難，我們必須在周五前完成這項(xiàng)工作。

［考點(diǎn)］狀語從句

【精析】C分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為讓步狀語從句。由空格后的difficult一詞可知，應(yīng)選how。nomatterhow相當(dāng)于however，后面跟形容詞或副詞；nomatterwhat相當(dāng)于whatever，后面跟名詞。故選C

20.D有些人對(duì)政策和其他地方發(fā)生的事情漠不關(guān)心。

［考點(diǎn)］詞語搭配

【精析】Dbeindifferentto為固定搭配，意為對(duì)……漠不關(guān)心的。故選D

21.KK根據(jù)空后的名詞短語15years可知，空處應(yīng)填介詞。符合要求的選項(xiàng)有C、K。句意：15年來，來自倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的專家們一直在調(diào)查超過6,700名英國(guó)人的生活方式。故選K。

22.JA.studied（v.學(xué)習(xí)，研究）B.continuing（v.繼續(xù)，持續(xù)）C.by（prep.通過）D.who（pron.引導(dǎo)定語從句）E.whose（pron.引導(dǎo)定語從句）F.improve（v.改進(jìn)，改善）G.truth（n.事實(shí)，真相）H.ignored（v.忽視，不予理睬）I.recently（adv.最近，不久前）J.those（pron.那些）K.for（prep.表示一段時(shí)間）L.less（adv.更少，較少）J分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后的who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，空處為其先行詞，所以空處應(yīng)填指人的名詞或代詞。符合要求的選項(xiàng)只有J。those在此處指代上文中的people，此處表達(dá)的是“不去（音樂會(huì)、演出和博物館）的那些人”。故選J。

23.HH分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾指人的先行詞friends。符合要求的選項(xiàng)只有H。句意：學(xué)生在上大學(xué)時(shí)可以學(xué)習(xí)并交到將持續(xù)一生的朋友。故選H。

24.freedomfreedom題意：在我們國(guó)家有宗教信仰的自由。根據(jù)空前的is和空后的ofreligion可知，空處應(yīng)用free的名詞形式freedom（自由）

25.containercontainer題意：你能給我們一個(gè)足夠大的容器來盛所有的水嗎？根據(jù)空前的