新教材高中英語UNIT5RevealingnaturePart2Usinglanguage提升訓(xùn)練含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGEPAGE10Part2Usinglanguage基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.A(特征)ofthisanimalisitsabilitytoliveforalongtimewithoutwater.

2.Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshas(減少)by50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.

3.Shesaystheintroductionoftheplantsandanimalsnot(源于)toHawaiiisthemainreasonfortheextinction.

4.IntheXiaDynasty,Chinahadgraduallyenteredtheslavesocietyfromthepsociety.

5.Youshouldnotbothersforwhatisyourownfault.

Ⅱ.用方框內(nèi)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空carryout;bycontrast;inparticular;serveas;fightoff;intheend1.Sincethebeginningofthe19thcentury,Americahashadtroublewithenvironmentalproblems,airpollution.

2.Agooddietandfitbodywillhelpyoutoillnessanddisease—andtorecovermorequicklyifyoudobecomesick.

3.Chinahasachievedremarkableresultsinfightingthenewpandemic.,somecountrieshavedoneapoorjob.

4.Shedidn'tthinkthathewaswellenoughtosuchadifficulttask.

5.HisresearchcanvaluablereferencefortheUNtocontrolthespreadofEBOLA,adeadlyvirus.

6.,theattemptfailed,butthereverberationsstillcanbefelttoday.

Ⅲ.單句語法填空1.ThefiveboroughsofNewYorkCityarethoughttobehomespeakersofaround800languages,manyofthemclosetoextinction.

2.IcouldspeaktheirlanguageandidentifywiththeirproblemsbecauseI(be)theremyselfbefore.

3.Thenewsthatthey(discover)oilinthedesertmadeushappy.

4.Joeisproudandstubborn,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelse(blame).

5.Theystolemywallet,becauseI(forget)tolockthelocker.

Ⅳ.完成句子1.布朗先生在我起床的時候已經(jīng)做好了早餐。MrBrownhadcookedbreakfast.

2.在簡到達的時候,我們已經(jīng)等待了3個小時。Janearrivedwehadbeenwaitingfor3hours.

3.老師從辦公室回來時,他剛把教室打掃完。Hetheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.

4.那兩個陌生人交談起來就好像他們是多年的好朋友一樣。Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyformanyyears.

5.在教堂墓地屹立了300年的老橡樹突然間倒在了地上。Theoldoaktree,whichinthechurchyardfor300years,suddenlycrashedtotheground.

6.約翰和簡在結(jié)婚前就已經(jīng)彼此認識很長時間了。JohnandJaneeachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.

7.她說自從到這兒以來她已取得了很大的進步。Shesaidshesinceshecamehere.

8.我本打算去拜訪你的,但沒能去成。Itocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.

9.他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他。theaudienceinterruptedhim.

10.那是他第一次見到自己的名字被刊印出來。Itwasthefirsttimeinprint.

能力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021河南洛陽一中高一月考,)Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines(刺)thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasswearsdowntheanimals'teeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar(毛蟲)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly(多刺的)leaves,andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom(毒液).Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.1.Theleavesofthehollyplanthavemorespinesonthelowerbranchesbecausemostanimals.

A.arenottallenoughB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenotcleverenoughD.cangetthelowerleaveseasily2.Todefendthemselves,oaktreesuse.

A.chemicalmeans B.physicalmeansC.bitterchemicals D.sandymaterials3.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.Itsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattacked.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlants'LeavesⅡ.七選五(2020安徽黃山高一期末,)Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.1

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加強)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.3

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4Thesynapses(突觸)inthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemedtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.5“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice..5.

Ⅲ.完形填空(2020山東高考模擬,)MynameisMirandaGibson.Ihavebeenatthetopofatreeforfivemonthsnow.Somepeoplemightwonder1onearthIwouldchoosetodothat.

Ihavewalkedthroughthisforestmanytimes.OnDecember12,2011,2rolledintotheforestandthedestruction(摧毀)began.Icouldn't3thethoughtthattheseforestswouldbe4forever.So,onDecember14,2011,Ipackedupmylife,5ofmyjobplans,andclimbed60meterstothetopofthistree.Ihavebeenhereeversince.

Lifeinthetreetopcanbe6attimes.IhavetimeswhenIfeelfrustrated(沮喪的)andwishIcould7,toanywhere,justhavea8ofsceneryforaminute!Therearetimestoo,whenIfeelterribly9.Imissmyfriendsandfamily.10thesetimes,Ifindmyselflovingthe11.

Livingonthetreehasbeeninspiring.Iamwillingto12hereforaslongasittakes,13Ihonestlyhopeitwon'tbetoo14beforeIcanputmyfeetonthegroundbelowandstandinaforestthatwillneverbe15.

1.A.why B.whenC.how D.where2.A.water B.animalsC.machinery D.tourists3.A.bear B.helpC.keep D.spare4.A.sold B.stolenC.protected D.lost5.A.grewout B.fellshortC.ranout D.letgo6.A.refreshing B.riskyC.challenging D.rewarding7.A.getup B.getawayC.givein D.giveup8.A.change B.lookC.search D.touch9.A.confused B.nervousC.sorry D.lonely10.A.Beyond B.WithoutC.Despite D.Unlike11.A.height B.experienceC.background D.position12.A.return B.stopC.stay D.hide13.A.but B.thoughC.because D.so14.A.soon B.longC.near D.bad15.A.moved B.loggedC.burned D.missedPart2Usinglanguage基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.1.characteristic2.declined3.native4.primitive5.blameⅡ.1.inparticular2.fightoff3.Bycontrast4.carryout5.serveas6.IntheendⅢ.1.to考查介詞。句意:紐約市的五個區(qū)被認為是大約800種語言使用者的家園,其中許多語言瀕臨滅絕。behometo意為“……的家園/棲息地”。2.hadbeen考查時態(tài)。句意:我會講他們的語言,能體會他們的難處,因為我自己曾在那里待過。根據(jù)句意和before可知此處表示過去的過去。故用過去完成時。3.haddiscovered考查時態(tài)。句意:他們在沙漠里發(fā)現(xiàn)石油的消息使我們高興。此句的主干為Thenewsmadeushappy,discover表示的動作發(fā)生在made之前,表示過去的過去,故用過去完成時。4.toblame考查非謂語動詞。句意:喬驕傲而固執(zhí),從不承認自己錯了,總是找別人來責(zé)怪。此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式toblame作someoneelse的后置定語。5.hadforgotten考查時態(tài)。句意:他們偷了我的錢包,因為我忘記鎖儲物柜了。forget表示的動作發(fā)生在stole之前,表示過去的過去,故用過去完成時。Ⅳ.1.whenIgotup2.Bythetime3.hadjustfinishedsweeping4.hadbeengoodfriends5.hadstood6.hadknown7.hadmademuch/greatprogress8.hadintended9.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhen10.hehadseenhisname能力提升練Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。介紹不能移動的植物是如何保護自己的,有些植物采取了物理學(xué)上的方法,有些采取了化學(xué)上的方法,使自己免受動物的傷害,保護自己。1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.可知選D項。2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.可知橡樹有厚的、堅硬的葉子,使用的是物理學(xué)上的方法來保護自己。故B項正確。3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Whenacaterpillar(毛蟲)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.可知當(dāng)煙葉受到毛蟲攻擊時,樹根分泌出更多的尼古丁,故C項正確。4.B主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是不能移動的植物是如何保護自己的,有些植物采取了物理學(xué)上的方法,有些采取了化學(xué)上的方法,使自己免受動物的傷害,保護自己?！靖哳l詞匯】1.underattack遭到攻擊2.runaway離開;逃離3.discouragev.阻攔;阻止;勸阻4.branchn.樹枝5.weardown(使)磨短;(使)變小6.defensen.防衛(wèi),防護;防御能力7.stayawayfrom遠離Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人和動物需要睡眠的一些理論以及睡眠的重要性。1.C根據(jù)前一句Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.可知如果實驗鼠不睡覺,一個月內(nèi)它們就死了。同樣,人幾天不睡覺,就會生病。人和動物形成對應(yīng),死和生病形成對應(yīng),故選C。2.E前一句提到睡覺有助于我們加強新的記憶。所以學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)新知識后如果有機會睡一覺,他們在測試中就會表現(xiàn)得更好,前后為因果關(guān)系,故選E。3.F根據(jù)下文中的he可知,此處要提到一個人以及他的理論,正好F項中有,故選F。4.G根據(jù)下文中提到的關(guān)鍵詞synapsesinthemice以及整個句子可知,他肯定做了關(guān)于老鼠的實驗,G項有關(guān)鍵詞synapses和mice,都與他的實驗有關(guān),故答案為G。5.B根據(jù)后一句提到的Youkeepwhatmatters“你記住重要的東西”可知大腦會把最重要的記憶保存下來,前后邏輯關(guān)系順暢,故選B?！靖哳l詞匯】1.foggyadj.有霧的;模糊的2.strengthenv.加強;增強3.awakeadj.醒著(尤指入睡前或剛醒時)4.overnightadv.在夜間,在晚上;突然,一夜之間5.measurev.測量;估量,判定(重要性、價值或影響等)6.becomeloadedwith變得充滿……的長難句分析原句Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.分析此句中第一個that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,作theory的同位語。makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。句意越來越多的人支持這樣一種理論:睡眠的逐步發(fā)展使大腦中神經(jīng)元之間的聯(lián)系能在一夜之間減弱,為第二天新的記憶的形成創(chuàng)造了空間。Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。為保護森林,作者在樹頂居住,這一做法強烈地表達了作者保護森林的意志和決心。1.A根據(jù)Ihavebeenatthetopofatreeforfivemonthsnow.以及第二段所述原因可知,文章的第二段恰恰是對該空