在職研究生英語復(fù)習(xí)考試2017年同等學(xué)力申碩短文完成專題

在職研究生英語復(fù)習(xí)考試2017年同等學(xué)力申碩短文完成專題第一頁，共33頁。概說短文完成是《同等學(xué)力申請碩士學(xué)位英語水平考試考試大綱》第六版中新增加的題型。短文完成是詞匯、完形填空和閱讀理解三種題型的綜合，該部分重點(diǎn)考察考生的詞匯、句法和閱讀能力之外，還考察考生把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握作者思路的能力。第二頁，共33頁。句法基礎(chǔ)現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有六種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）和狀語(adverbial)。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。第三頁，共33頁。英語五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋謂＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+ｏ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）第四頁，共33頁。練習(xí)1.LucyandMary/

getupearlyeverymorning.2.Everything/

looks/

different.3.He/play/computergames.4.She/cooked/herhusband/adeliciousmeal.5.They/painted/thedoor/green.第五頁，共33頁。從簡單句到復(fù)雜句1、Wefoundthehallfull.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。2、Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.3、Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.4、WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyawriterfromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.第六頁，共33頁。解題技巧應(yīng)用A.Whetherwelikeit(56)______B.haveto(57)_____acceptC.thatexists(58)____planetEarthThefilmshowshowwonderfullygentleandcaringelephantsare,andjusthowintelligentand“human”theyareaswell.People(59)______thatwehumansare,infact,animals.(60)______,wearestillpartofthewhole.Everyspecies(61)______hasaroletoplay.Theroleofhumanshas,onthewhole,beendestructive.Humansneedtohavemorerespectfornature.A:learntoB:onC:ornot第七頁，共33頁。解題技巧應(yīng)用A.Whetherwelikeit(56)___C___B.haveto(57)__A___acceptC.thatexists(58)__B__planetEarthThefilmshowshowwonderfullygentleandcaringelephantsare,andjusthowintelligentand“human”theyareaswell.People(59)___B__thatwehumansare,infact,animals.(60)___A__,wearestillpartofthewhole.Everyspecies(61)___C__hasaroletoplay.Theroleofhumanshas,onthewhole,beendestructive.Humansneedtohavemorerespectfornature.A:learntoB:onC:ornot第八頁，共33頁。A:watchB:informationC:withA.associate(62)______a22-minutereductionintheirlifeexpectancyB.livedanaverage4.8yearslessthanthosewhodidn’t(63)_____anytelevisionC.whentheycollectedTVviewing(64)______Sittinginfrontofthetelevisionmayberelaxing,butspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofthetubemaytakeyearsoffyourlife.That’swhatAustralianresearchersfound(65)_____frommorethan11,000peopleolderthan25years.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaveragesixhoursofTVaday(66)_____.Also,everyhourofTVthatparticipantswatchedafterage25was(67)_____.ThemoreTVyouwatch,thelessphysicallyactiveyouare.Andthelessexerciseyouget,themorelikelyyouaretodevelopdiseasessuchasdiabetesorheartproblems.第九頁，共33頁。A:watchB:informationC:withA.associate(62)__C__a22-minutereductionintheirlifeexpectancyB.livedanaverage4.8yearslessthanthosewhodidn’t(63)__A___anytelevisionC.whentheycollectedTVviewing(64)__B____Sittinginfrontofthetelevisionmayberelaxing,butspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofthetubemaytakeyearsoffyourlife.That’swhatAustralianresearchersfound(65)__C__frommorethan11,000peopleolderthan25years.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaveragesixhoursofTVaday(66)__B__.Also,everyhourofTVthatparticipantswatchedafterage25was(67)__A__.ThemoreTVyouwatch,thelessphysicallyactiveyouare.Andthelessexerciseyouget,themorelikelyyouaretodevelopdiseasessuchasdiabetesorheartproblems.第十頁，共33頁。A：hardeconomictimesB：carbonaccounting

C:qualifiedworkersD:largeandactivestudentsclubsA.liketeamprojects,(68)_____B.offeringelectivesintopicslike(69)_____C.(70)______havenottemperedthisdemandD.Tomeetthisdemandwillrequire(71)_______Thedemandforworkerswithsustainability-relatedjobskillshasbeenrisingsharplytheseyears.(72)_____.Soagrowingnumberofgraduatebusinessprogramsare(73)_____,corporatesocialresponsibilityandleanmanufacturingtechniquestoreducewasteandenvironmentalimpact.Thetopprogramswillalsoofferavarietyoflearningexperiences,(74)_______,andhands-onfieldexperienceaswellasclassesinpolicyandenvironmentalmanagement.Demandfromstudentsisalsodrivingbusinessschoolstoincludemoresocialandenvironmentaltopicsintheircurriculum,and(75)_______.Theeconomicdownturnhascausedsomedeepsoulsearchingamongthisgenerationandtheywanttoincorporatetheirdesirestochangetheworldintotheircareersnow.第十一頁，共33頁。A：hardeconomictimesB：carbonaccounting

C:qualifiedworkersD:largeandactivestudentsclubsA.liketeamprojects,(68)__D___B.offeringelectivesintopicslike(69)__B___C.(70)___A___havenottemperedthisdemandD.Tomeetthisdemandwillrequire(71)__C_____Thedemandforworkerswithsustainability-relatedjobskillshasbeenrisingsharplytheseyears.(72)__D___.Soagrowingnumberofgraduatebusinessprogramsare(73)__B___,corporatesocialresponsibilityandleanmanufacturingtechniquestoreducewasteandenvironmentalimpact.Thetopprogramswillalsoofferavarietyoflearningexperiences,(74)___A____,andhands-onfieldexperienceaswellasclassesinpolicyandenvironmentalmanagement.Demandfromstudentsisalsodrivingbusinessschoolstoincludemoresocialandenvironmentaltopicsintheircurriculum,and(75)___C____.Theeconomicdownturnhascausedsomedeepsoulsearchingamongthisgenerationandtheywanttoincorporatetheirdesirestochangetheworldintotheircareersnow.第十二頁，共33頁。A:pitchinB:agendaC:recycledA.agreaterdemandforthe(56)_______materialsB.seemstobeonthe(57)______C.feelsmovedto(58)_______andhelpWehearitalotinthenewsthesedays:“Recyclednewspapersandsaveatree.Collectbottlesandcanssotheycanbereusedinthemanufacturingofnewproducts.”Protectingourdelicateenvironment(59)______ofpoliticians,governmentleaders,andcitizensinmanypartsoftheworldtoshowsupportformothernature.Theconceptofgreenconsumerismhasgainedmomentummoreandmoreoverthelastdecade,andthepublic(60)______.However,threeessentialkeysneededtopowerthismovementincludeamoreinformedpublic,thedevelopmentofimprovedtechnology,and(61)______.第十三頁，共33頁。A:pitchinB:agendaC:recycledA.agreaterdemandforthe(56)____C___materialsB.seemstobeonthe(57)__B____C.feelsmovedto(58)___A____andhelpWehearitalotinthenewsthesedays:“Recyclednewspaperssaveatree.Collectbottlesandcanssotheycanbereusedinthemanufacturingofnewproducts.”Protectingourdelicateenvironment(59)__B__ofpoliticians,governmentleaders,andcitizensinmanypartsoftheworldtoshowsupportformothernature.Theconceptofgreenconsumerismhasgainedmomentummoreandmoreoverthelastdecade,andthepublic(60)___C___.However,threeessentialkeysneededtopowerthismovementincludeamoreinformedpublic,thedevelopmentofimprovedtechnology,and(61)__A____.第十四頁，共33頁。解題技巧總結(jié)短文完成中文章長度約為90～160個字，均為說明文體，內(nèi)容涉及文化、社會、科技，篇幅短小，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，通常在文章的第一句話揭示文章的主題，此后內(nèi)容層層推進(jìn)，層次清楚。解題過程分兩步走，首先挑選單詞或者短語補(bǔ)全語言段，然后挑選語言段補(bǔ)全短文。一、補(bǔ)全語言段：統(tǒng)一詞性，統(tǒng)一時態(tài)，統(tǒng)一形式，考生所做的主要是辨析詞義和搭配。補(bǔ)全語言段所提供的備選答案往往詞性各不相同，短語則是名詞短語、動詞短語、介詞短語等都會涉及，考生解題時要判斷詞性或者短語的性質(zhì)。第十五頁，共33頁。解題技巧總結(jié)

例如：1）associated_____a22-minutereductionintheirlifeexpectancy,此處涉及到一個固定搭配associatewith,且備選答案中只有with這個介詞。2）Livedanaverage4.8yearslessthanthosewhodidn’t____anytelevision,此處缺少一個謂語，備選答案中只有一個動詞watch可以作謂語。第十六頁，共33頁。解題技巧總結(jié)

2.少數(shù)情況下，備選答案中有詞性相同或者同為一種類型的短語的情形，這時可以用分別代入語言段判斷語言段的含義是否符合邏輯。 例如：wecanderivestrengthandpositivity____thatcomeourway,此處從句法上看適合填入一個介詞短語，備選答案為介詞短語的有兩個：inspiteofthechallenges和witheachinspiringpage，代入后發(fā)現(xiàn)witheachinspiringpage在意思上不太符合邏輯，而inspiteofthechallenges正好把意思補(bǔ)充完整。第十七頁，共33頁。解題技巧總結(jié)

（二、補(bǔ)全短文）在準(zhǔn)確完成第一個步驟之后，接下來考生要做的就是把三個或者四個語言片段放入短文當(dāng)中，使之符合邏輯，結(jié)構(gòu)完整這個部分考題的解題思路是：先讀短文，了解短文大意，然后重點(diǎn)閱讀含有空白的句子，分析空白處在句子中擔(dān)任的成分，以及該成分對應(yīng)的語言形式，從備選答案中選擇符合條件的選項，可以先確定自己比較有把握的句子，然后采用排除法確定其他的答案，最后把短文從頭到尾完整的閱讀一遍，檢查是否符合邏輯。我們在閱讀含有空白的句子的時候，首先觀察它是否具有主語、謂語和賓語三個主要部分，然后是各種狀語（時間狀語，目的狀語，原因狀語，讓步狀語，條件狀語等），定語或者賓語補(bǔ)足語。如果句子是復(fù)合句，則根據(jù)連詞來判斷主句和從句。第十八頁，共33頁。解題技巧總結(jié)（二、補(bǔ)全短文）1.給出的空白前后都有句號，說明空白處應(yīng)該是一個完整的句子。2.句子只有主語，缺少謂語和賓語等其他成分。我們只需要在選項中選擇含有做謂語的動詞的句子：例如：ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaveragesixhoursofTVaday____.3.空白處前面有一個連詞，其余部分是一個完整的句子。例如：Streetarthasbecomeaglobalcultureandevenartmuseumsand_____.（galleriesarecollectingtheworkofstreetart.）4.一個完整的句子加上一個空白。1）_____,wearestillpartofthewhole.關(guān)鍵：狀語或者從句第十九頁，共33頁。邏輯檢查值得一提的是，不管我們采用何種技巧來答題，在短文完成之后我們都應(yīng)該完整的閱讀一遍，一是檢查所填部分有沒有不符合語法和句法規(guī)則的地方，而是檢查所填部分在內(nèi)容上有沒有不合邏輯，違背文章大意脈絡(luò)走向的地方。第二十頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練（一）A:evidently

B:attimesof

B:like

A.look(1)_____afoolB.(2)____toasignificantdegreeC.thewayitwould(3)____physicaldangerWhyisstagefrightsouniversalwhenitdoesnotposeaphysicalthreat?Ourself-confidenceandself-esteemarethreatened,(4)____.Nonormalpersonwantsto(5)____.Consequently,aspeakingsituationdoesinvolvethreat,notphysicalbutpsychological.Thebraininstructsthebodytoreactexactly(6)____.Inessence,thebraintellsthebody,"Getreadytofightoffthedangerortorunawayfromit".第二十一頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練（一）A:evidently

B:attimesof

C:like

A.look(1)__B___afoolB.(2)__A__toasignificantdegreeC.thewayitwould(3)__C__physicaldangerWhyisstagefrightsouniversalwhenitdoesnotposeaphysicalthreat?Ourself-confidenceandself-esteemarethreatened,(4)__A__.Nonormalpersonwantsto(5)__A__.Consequently,aspeakingsituationdoesinvolvethreat,notphysicalbutpsychological.Thebraininstructsthebodytoreactexactly(6)_C___.Inessence,thebraintellsthebody,"Getreadytofightoffthedangerortorunawayfromit".第二十二頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

（二）A:far

B:selling

C:largelyA.itis(7)____toosoonB.soreportsofsalesare(8)_____inaccurateC.(9)____everythingfromcomputergeartoincometaxpreparationserviceTheInternetoffers,amongotherthings,"anelectronicmall"withscoresofretailers,(10)____.AswithanythingontheInternet,itishighlydecentralized,withnooneauthoritykeepingtrackoftransactions,(11)____.Butmanyofthereportsarediscouraging.But(12)____tosoundthedeathknell(喪鐘)forelectronicretailing.Onereason,sayanalystsandserviceproviders,isthatconsumersareonlybeginningtounderstandthepossibilitiesofthenewtechnology.第二十三頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

（二）A:far

B:selling

C:largelyA.itis(7)__A__toosoonB.soreportsofsalesare(8)__C___inaccurateC.(9)__B__everythingfromcomputergeartoincometaxpreparationserviceTheInternetoffers,amongotherthings,"anelectronicmall"withscoresofretailers,(10)__C__.AswithanythingontheInternet,itishighlydecentralized,withnooneauthoritykeepingtrackoftransactions,(11)__B__.Butmanyofthereportsarediscouraging.But(12)___A_tosoundthedeathknell(喪鐘)forelectronicretailing.Onereason,sayanalystsandserviceproviders,isthatconsumersareonlybeginningtounderstandthepossibilitiesofthenewtechnology.第二十四頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

（三）A:asfastas

B:outscoringthem

C:lessandless

D:concentrateonA.hestumbles(13)____B.whowerereadingalmostthreetimes(14)____theotherchildrenC.still(15)____onaccuracy,comprehensionandvocabularyD.sohecan(16)____themeaningofthetextAchildlearnstoreadbysoundingoutthelettersanddecodingthewords.Withpractice,(17)____,readingbythephrase.Withautomaticity,hedoesnothavetothinkaboutdecodingthewords,(18)____.Itcanbeginasearlyasfirstgrade.InarecentstudyofchildreninIllinoisschools,AlanRossmanofNorthwestUniversityfoundautomaticreadersinthefirstgrade(19)____andscoringtwiceashighoncomprehensiontests.Atfifthgrade,theautomaticreaderswerereadingtwiceasfastastheothers,and(20)____.第二十五頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

（三）A:asfastas

B:outscoringthem

C:lessandless

D:concentrateonA.hestumbles(13)__C__B.whowerereadingalmostthreetimes(14)__A__theotherchildrenC.still(15)__B__onaccuracy,comprehensionandvocabularyD.sohecan(16)__D__themeaningofthetextAchildlearnstoreadbysoundingoutthelettersanddecodingthewords.Withpractice,(17)__A__,readingbythephrase.Withautomaticity,hedoesnothavetothinkaboutdecodingthewords,(18)_D___.Itcanbeginasearlyasfirstgrade.InarecentstudyofchildreninIllinoisschools,AlanRossmanofNorthwestUniversityfoundautomaticreadersinthefirstgrade(19)___B_andscoringtwiceashighoncomprehensiontests.Atfifthgrade,theautomaticreaderswerereadingtwiceasfastastheothers,and(20)__C__.第二十六頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

（四）A:to

B:scope

C:withA.alargepopulationgivesmore(1)____forB.(2)____feedalargepopulationC.couldbeobtained(3)_____asmallpopulationTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.(4)____,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethan(5)____.Othereconomistshavearguedthat(6)____specializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem.第二十七頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

（四）A:To

B:scope

C:withA.alargepopulationgivesmore(1)__B__forB.(2)__A__feedalargepopulationC.couldbeobtained(3)___C__asmallpopulationTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.(4)__B__,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethan(5)__C__.Othereconomistshavearguedthat(6)__A__specializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem.第二十八頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

（五）A:likely

B:conclusive

C:susceptibleA.isnot(7)__B__aboutB.alsowere(8)__C__toalcoholismC.wasmore(9)__A__totakeupThisevidenceinitself(10)__A__anything.Afterall,itmaybetheconstantexposureandeasyaccesstoalcoholthatcausethechildrenofalcoholicstobecomealcoholicsthemselves.Butthereismoreevidence.Thestudyfoundthatchildrenborn

ofalcoholicparentsbutraisedbynon-drinkingfosterparents(11)__B___.Thisgroupofoffspring(12)__C__drinkingthanyoungsterswhowerebornofandraisedbynon-drinkingparents.第二十九頁，共33頁。短文完成專項訓(xùn)練

(六)A:overB:onlyC:completelyA.wanting(7)____tosleepB.cleanedoutallherclosets(8)_____C.becomingso(9)____energizedSomepeopleseemtolosealltheirenergyanddrive,(10)____.Othersreactinexactlytheoppositeway,(11)____thattheycan’tfindenoughactivitytoburnofftheirexcessenergy.Forinstance,onewomansaidshe(12)____andwasreadytogonextdoortostartonherneighbor’s.Boththeseextremes,however,eventuallyleveloff.Thesymptomsmaybeintensefortwoorthreedays,butwithin10to14daysafterquitting,mostsubside.Thetruthisthatafterpeoplequitsmoking,theyhavemoreenergy;theygenerallywillneedlesssleep,