老托福PART-C段子93篇

1

Communityserviceisanimportantcomponentofeducationhereatour

university.Weencourageallstudentstovolunteerforatleastone

communityactivitybeforetheygraduate.Anewcommunityprogram

called"OneOnOne"helpselementarystudentswho'vefallenbehind.

Youeducationmajorsmightbeespeciallyinterestedinitbecauseitoffers

theopportunitytodosometeaching—thatis,tutoringn.家庭教師;導(dǎo)師;（大

專院校的）助教；課本vt.&vi.當(dāng)家庭教師：任大學(xué)導(dǎo)師；任課inmathandEnglish.

You'dhavetovolunteertwohoursaweekforonesemester.Youcan

choosetohelpachildwithmath,English,orboth.Half-hourlessonsare

fine,soyoucoulddoahalfhourofeachsubjecttwodaysaweek.

ProfessorDodgewillactasamentorn.（無經(jīng)驗(yàn)之人的）有經(jīng)驗(yàn)可信賴的顧問

tothetutorshe'llbeavailabletohelpyouwithlessonplansortooffer

suggestionsforactivities.HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayand

Thursdayafternoon.Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbegin

thetutoringnextweek.I'msureyou'llenjoythiscommunityserviceand

youHgainvaluableexperienceatthesametime.Itlooksgoodonyour

resume,too,showingthatyou'vehadexperiencewithchildrenandthat

youcareaboutyourcommunity.Ifyou'dliketosignup,orifyouhave

anyquestions,stopbyProfessorDodge'sofficethisweek.

2

Ihopeyou'veallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance”.保險(xiǎn)，

保險(xiǎn)業(yè)；保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)：保險(xiǎn)；保險(xiǎn)措施

adj.［體］鞏固球隊(duì)領(lǐng)先局面，使對手不能因增加一分而成平局的

sothatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,I'd

liketomentionafewthingsyourtext課本doesn'tgointo.It'sinteresting

tonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforaverylongtime.The

earliestinsurancepolicieswerewhatwecalledbottomry船舶抵押契約

contracts.Theyprovidedshippingprotectionformerchants商人asfar

backas3000B.C.Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethan

verbaladj.詞語的；言語的；口頭的；動(dòng)詞的

agreements.Theygrantedvt.承認(rèn)；同意；準(zhǔn)許；授予

n.撥款：補(bǔ)助金；授給物（如財(cái)產(chǎn)、授地、專有權(quán)、補(bǔ)助、撥款等）

vi.同意

loanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentof

goodswaslostatsea,theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.Interestonthe

loansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.During

periodsofheavypiracyn.海匕搶劫；盜版行為，非法復(fù)制

atsea,forexample,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywent

upconsiderably.So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourage

internationaltrade.Eventhemostcautiousadj.小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的

merchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsoverlong

distances,nottomentioninhazardousadj.冒險(xiǎn)的；有危險(xiǎn)的；碰運(yùn)氣的

adv.冒險(xiǎn)地，有危險(xiǎn)地

n.冒險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn)

weatherconditionswhentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavailable.

Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenpretty

muchthesamesincetheMiddleAges.Therearefourpointsthatwere

salientadj.顯著的，突出的；重要的，主要的：跳躍的；（指角）凸出的

n.凸角，［建］突出部；＜軍＞進(jìn)攻或防衛(wèi)陣地的突出部分

thenandremainparamountadj.最高的，至上的；最重要的，主要的；卓越的；有最

高權(quán)力的

n.最高，至上；有最高權(quán)力的人；元首，首長

inallpoliciestoday.Thesewereoutlinedinchaptersixandwillserveas

thebasisfortherestoftheoftoday'sdiscussion.Cananyonetellmewhat

oneofthosepointsmightbe?

3

LocatedattheNASAabbnNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration美國國家航空

和宇宙航行局ResearchCenterinIowaisa5,000-gallonvatn.（釀造，制革等用

的）大桶，大缸；vt.把……盛入大桶；把……放入大桶里染（處理）；在大桶里處理

ofwater,andinsidethetankn.油［水］箱;坦克；貯水池;酒量大的人vt.把貯放

在柜內(nèi);打敗isanunderwatertreadmilln.踏車；單調(diào)的工作;（鍛煉身體的）跑步機(jī)

designedbyDavaNewman,anaerospacen.航空與航天空間adj.宇宙空間的，宇

宙航行的engineer.ForfouryearsNewmanobservedscuban.7K肺，便攜式水下

呼吸器diversn.潛水員；跳水者，跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員；潛鳥;〈俚〉潛水艇astheysimulated

vt.假裝，冒充；模仿：模擬；|生|擬態(tài)adj.模仿的；假裝的walkingontheMoonand

onMarsonherunderwatermovingbeltn.腰帶；區(qū)域；傳送帶；帶狀物.She

wantedtodiscoverhowthegravityoftheMoonandofMarswouldaffect

humanmovement.Todothis,Newmanattachedvt.&vi.貼」:，系；附」:

weightsn.重量，體重；電擔(dān)，重任;重要：［統(tǒng)］權(quán)，加重值，權(quán)重tothediversand

thenloweredvt.&vi.（使）降低，（使）跌落themintothetankandontothe

treadmill.Theseweightswerecarefullyadjustedvt.&vi.（改變…以）適應(yīng),調(diào)

整，校正；調(diào)準(zhǔn)（望遠(yuǎn)鏡等），對準(zhǔn)，校正，校準(zhǔn)（機(jī)械等）；sothatthediverscould

experienceunderwaterthegravityoftheMoonandofMarsasthey

walkedonthetreadmill.NewmanconcludedthatwalkingonMarswill

probablybeeasierthanwalkingontheMoon.TheMoonhaslessgravity

thanMarsdoes,soatlunargravity,thediversstruggledtokeeptheir

balanceandwalkedawkwardly.adj.難對付的，棘手的：笨拙的，不及活的；不順手

的；不優(yōu)美的ButatMartiangravity,thedivershadgreatertractionn.拖拉；牽

引力;附著摩擦力andstabilityandcouldeasilyadjusttoapaceof1.5miles

perhour.AsNewmangraduallyincreasedthespeedofthetreadmill,the

diverstooklonger,gracefulstridesuntiltheycomfortablysettledintoan

evenquickerpace.NewmanalsonotedthatatMartiangravity,thedivers

neededlessoxygen.ThedataNewmancollectedwillhelpinthefuture

designofMartianspacesuits,n.太空服Comparedtolunarspacesuits,

Martianspacesuitswillrequiresmallerairtanks;and,toallowforfreer

movement,theelbown.肘部；彎頭，扶手；肘形管，彎管andkneen.膝；膝蓋vt.

用膝蓋碰areasofthespacesuitswillalsobealtered.vt.改變；更改；改建（房屋）；

（人）變老vi.改變；修改

4

WelcometoEvergladesNationalPark.TheEvergladesisawateryadj.含水

的，水分多的；水一般的：無味的；有雨意的plaincoveredwithsawn.鋸；諺語，格

/grassthat'shometonumerousspeciesofplantsandwildlife.Atoneand

ahalfmillionacresn.英畝;土地，耕地；［口］大量

,it'stoobigtoseeitalltoday,butthistourwillofferyouagoodsampling,

n.抽樣；取樣；（樂曲的）節(jié)錄；選錄OurtourbuswillstopfirstatTaylorSlough.

泥坑,泥沼Thisisagoodplacetostartbecauseit'shometomanyofthe

plantsandanimalstypicallyassociatedwiththeEverglades.You'llsee

manyexoticadj.異國的：外來的：異乎尋常的，奇異的；吸引人的

birdsand,ofcourse,ourworldfamousalligators鱷魚.Don'tworry,

there'saboardwalkn.（常在海濱）用木板鋪成的小道thatgoesacrossthemarsh,

soyoucanlookdownattheanimalsinthewaterfromasafedistance.

Theboardwalkishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrass

prairien.（尤指北美的）大草原，大牧場；草原地帶；〈美方〉林中空地

.Fromtherewe'llheadtosomeothermarshyandevenjunglelikeareas

thatfeaturewonderfultropicalplantlife.Forthoseofyouwho'dlikea

closerviewofthesawgrassprairie,youmightconsiderrenting租賃a

canoesometimeduringyourvisithere.However,don'tdothisunlessyou

haveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiatevi.順利通過

yourwaythroughtallgrass.We'dhatetohavetocomelookingforyou.

Youhavethegoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter-thebesttimeof

yeartovisit.Duringthespringandsummer,themosquitoeswilljust

abouteatyoualive!Rightnowthey'renotsobothersome討厭的，but

you'llstillwanttouseaninsectrepellent.防水劑：驅(qū)蟲劑：消腫藥

5

Thankyou.It'sgreattoseesomanyofyouinterestedinthisserieson

"SurvivalinOuterSpace."Pleaseexcuse原諒;為...申辯;免除，寬免；給

免去thecameras,we'rebeingvideotapedvt.把...錄在錄像磁帶上forthelocal

TVstations.TonightI'mgoingtotalkaboutthemostbasicaspectof

survival—thespacesuit.Whenmostofyouimagineanastronaut,that's

probablythefistthingthatcomestomind,right?Well,withoutspace

suits,itwouldnotbepossibleforustosurviveinspace.Forexample,

outerspaceisavacuum-there'snogravityorairpressure;without

protection,abodywouldexplode.What'smore,we'dcookinthesunor

freezevi.凝固，結(jié)冰；凍傷，凍死intheshadewithtemperaturesranging變化

fromatoastyadj.溫暖舒適的，烤面包片的300degreesabovetoacool300

degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.ThespacesuitthatNASAhasdeveloped

istrulyamarveln.奇跡：令人驚奇的事物（或事例）

.Thisphotoenlargementn.放大；放大物；放大的照片

hereisalife-sizeimageofanactualspacesuitwornbyastronautsonthe

lastspaceshuttlemission.Thispartisthetorson.（人體的）軀干：嫗干雕塑像；

.It'smadeofsevenextremelydurableadj.耐用的，耐久的；持久的；長期的

layers.Thisthickinsulation絕緣或隔熱的材料protectsagainst

temperatureextremesandradiation.Nextiswhattheycalla"bladder"n.<

解〉膀胱；囊，袋；［植物學(xué)］囊狀物；［病理學(xué)］水皰，包囊

ofoxygenthat'saninflatableadj.可膨脹的，可充氣的

sac,filledwithoxygen,tosimulate模仿atmospheric大氣的pressure.

ThisbladderpressesagainstthebodywiththesameforceastheEarth's

atmosphereatsealevel.Theinnermostlayersprovideliquidcoolingand

ventilationn.空氣流通；通風(fēng)設(shè)備；通風(fēng)方法；公開討論

.Despiteallthelayers,thesuitisflexibleadj.靈活的；易彎曲的：柔韌的；易被說

服的

,allowingfreemovementsowecanwork.Anotherreallysophisticated

adj.復(fù)雜的；精致的；富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；深?yuàn)W微妙的

partofthespacesuitisthehelmet.Ibroughtonealongtoshowyou.Can

Ihaveavolunteercomeanddemonstrate?

6

Goodevening.MynameisPamJones,andonbehalfoftheModem

Danceclub,I'dliketowelcomeyoutotonight'sprogram.Theclubis

pleasedtopresenttheTVversionofTheCatherineWheel圓花窗，車輪形窗，

TwylaTharp'srockballet.Thisvideoversionoftheballethasbeeneven

moresuccessfulwithaudiencesthantheoriginaltheaterproduction.It

includessomeanimation動(dòng)畫片制作,動(dòng)畫片攝制;［影視］動(dòng)畫片,slowmotion

慢動(dòng)作，andstop-actionfreezesthatreallyhelptheaudienceunderstand

thedance.ThetitleofthepiecereferstoSaintCatherine,whodiedona

wheeln.輪子：旋轉(zhuǎn)：Wheels汽車：有…輪子的汽車（或自行車等）in307A.D.

Nowadays,aCatherinewheelisalsoakindoffirework.Itlooks

somethinglikeapinwheel.Anyway,thedanceiscertainlyfullof

fireworks!You'llseehowTwylaTharpexploresvt.探索,探究,仔細(xì)查看one

family'sattemptn.試圖；嘗試；試圖奪取或攻克（堡壘、要塞等）；試圖征服（高山）

toconfronttheviolenceinmodemlife.Thecentralsymbol標(biāo)志ofthe

workisapineapple,butexactlywhatitrepresentshasalwayscreateda

lotofcontroversy??論.Asyouwatch,seeifyoucanfigureitout.The

musicforthispieceisfulloftherhythmicadj.有韻律的,有節(jié)奏的;格調(diào)優(yōu)美的;

周期性的；合拍的energyofrockmusic.ItwascomposedbyDavidByrne.Of

therockbandTalkingHeads?Andtheleaddancerinthisversionwas

SaraRudner,whoisperfectlysuitedtoTharp'sadventurousadj.愛司險(xiǎn)的：大

膽的；危險(xiǎn)的Choreographyn.編舞藝術(shù)；舞蹈編排.Followingthevideo,dance

teacherMaryParkerwillleadadiscussionaboutthesymbolismn.象征主:

義，象征手法Ms.Tharpused.Wehopeyoucanstayforthat.So,enjoy

tonight'svideoandthankyouforyoursupport.

7

Inourlabtoday,we'llbetestingthehypothesisthatbabiescancountas

earlyasfivemonthsofage.Thesixbabiesherearealllessthansix

monthsold.You'llbewatchingthemonclosed-circuitadj.閉路式的TVand

measuringtheirresponses.Theexperimentisbasedonthe

well-establishedobservationthatbabiesstarelongeriftheydon'tsee

whattheyexpecttosee.First,we'regoingtolettwodollsmoveslowlyin

frontofthebabies.Thebabieswillseethetwodollsdisappearbehinda

screen.Yourjobistorecord,inseconds,howlongthebabiesstareatthe

dollswhenthescreenisremoved.Inthenextstage,twodollswillagain

moveinfrontofthebabiesanddisappear.Butthenathirddollwill

follow.Whenthescreenisremoved,thebabieswillonlyseetwodolls.If

we'reright,thebabieswillnowstarelongerbecausetheyexpectthree

dollsbutonlyseetwo.Itseemsremarkabletothinkthatsuchyoung

childrencancount.Myownresearchhasconvincedmethattheyhave

thisabilityfrombirth.Butwhethertheydoornot,perhapsweshould

raiseanotherquestion.Shouldwetakeadvantageofthisabilityby

teachingchildrenmathematicsatsuchayoungage?Theyhavegreat

untappedadj.（有用或?qū)氋F的東西）未開發(fā)的，未利用的；未開塞的

potential,butisitgoodforparentstopressureyoungchildren?

8

BeforestartingourtourofMonticello,I'dliketogiveyousomehistorical

factsthatmighthelpyouappreciatewhatyouseetodayevenmore.

MonticellowastheverymuchlovedhomeofThomasJeffersonforover

fiftyyears.Jefferson,whowas,ofcourse,President,wasalsoagreat

readerandlanguageenthusiastn.熱情者，熱心者；熱衷于的人；狂熱者；宗

教狂.Hereadwidelyondifferentsubjects,includingarchitecture.He

wasn'tformallytrainedinarchitecture,butasaresultofhisstudyand

observationofotherbuildings,hewasabletohelpdesignandbuildthe

house.Hechosethesitehimself,namingtheestaten.財(cái)產(chǎn):，遺產(chǎn):，房地產(chǎn)

"Monticello,"whichmeans"littlemountain"inItalian.Infact,manyof

theideasbehindthedesignalsocamefromtheItalianarchitectAndrea

Palladio,wholivedinthesixteenthcenturyandwhohadagreatinfluence

onthearchitectureofEngland.Jefferson,however,ignoredoneof

Palladio'sprinciples,thatis,nottobuildinahighplace.Monticello's

elevationmadethetransportationofwhatwasneededatthehouse-for

example,food-especiallydifficult.Buttheviewfromtheestatewould

notbeasspectacularadj.場面富麗的，壯觀的；引人注意的：驚動(dòng)時(shí)的：驚人的

ifJeffersonhadfollowedPalladio'sadvice;therereallyisnoboundary

betweenthehouseandthenaturearoundit,andsoJeffersonwasableto

lookoutonhisbelovedstateofVirginiafromhiswonderfulvantagen.優(yōu)

勢，有利地位point.Nowwe'llgoontoJefferson'slibrary.

9

Nowthatwe'veallintroducedourselvestothenewmembers,let'sget

downtowork.Asthecommitteeinchargeofthisyear'stree-planting

project,wehaveseveralitemsonouragendan.議事日程；待議諸事項(xiàng)一一覽表；.

First,wehavetoreviewthebudgetn.預(yù)算；預(yù)算案；預(yù)算撥款；?束

.Thepresidenthasinformedmethatthetrustees（公司、學(xué)院）理事haveset

aside$3,000forthepurchaseoftreesandourenvironmentalT-shirtsale

netted凈賺aprofitof$1,500.Second,wehavetofinalizevt.完成；使結(jié)束：

使落實(shí)vi.把...最后定下來：定案thechoiceoftrees.Asyouknow,we're

workingwithRichardson'sNursery苗圃againthisyearsinceeveryone

seemedpleasedwiththeworkhedidforuslastyear.Mr.Richardsonhas

presenteduswithseveralchoiceswithinourpricerangethathethinks

wouldmeetourneeds.He'ssentuspicturesofthetreesforustolookat,

buthewantedmetotellyouthatwe'rewelcometovisitthenurseryifwe

wanttoseethetreesthemselves.Lastly,weneedtoplansomekindof

ceremonytocommemoratetheplanting.Severalideas,includinga

gardenpartyofsomesort,havebeensuggested.Solet'sgetonwithitand

turntothefirstorderofbusiness.

10

WelcometotheFourWindsHistoricalFarm,wheretraditionsofthepast

arepreservedforvisitorslikeyou.Today,ourmasterthatchersn.茅屋匠

willbegingivingthisbam谷倉behindmeasturdyadj.強(qiáng)壯的，健全的；堅(jiān)固

的，耐用的；堅(jiān)定的；精力充沛的thatchedadj.茅草蓋的：濃密的，毛茸茸的roof,able

towithstandheavywindsandlastuptoahundredyears.Howdotheydo

it?Well,inanutshell簡言之，thatchingn.茅屋，用茅草蓋屋頂involves

coveringthebeamsn.梁orraftersn.椽；筏夫，thewoodenskeletonofaroof

withreedsorstraw.Ourthatchersherehaveharvestedtheirownnatural

materialsforthejob,thebundlesofwaterreedsn.蘆羊youseelyingover

therebesidethebam.ThatchingiscertainlyuncommonintheUntied

Statestoday.Iguessthat'swhysomanyofyouhavecometoseethis

demonstration.Butitwasn'talwaysthatway.Intheseventeenthcentury,

thecolonistsherethatchedtheirroofswithreedsandstrawn.稻草，justas

theyhaddoneinEngland.Afterawhile,though,theybegantoreplace

thethatchwithwoodenshingles木瓦板becausewoodwassoplentiful.

Andeventually,otherroofingmaterialslikestone,slaten.石板，andclay

tilesn.瓦片cameintouse.It'sarealshamethatmostpeopletodaydon't

realizehowstrongandlonglastingathatchedroofis.InIreland,where

thatchingisstillpracticed,theroofscansurvivewindsofuptoone

hundredtenmilesperhour.That'sbecausestrawandreedsaresoflexible.

Theybendbutdon'tbreakinthewindlikeothermaterialscan.Another

advantageisthattheroofskeepthehousecoolinthesummerandwarm

inthewinter.Andthen,ofcourse,there'stheroofs'longevityn.長壽；壽命

一theaverageissixtyyears,buttheycanlastuptoahundred.Withall

thesereasonstostartthatchingroofsagain,wouldn'titbewonderfulto

seethisdisappearingcraftreturntopopularity?

11

AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStatesarecoffeedrinkers.Overthelastfew

years,atrendn.走向;趨向;時(shí)尚,時(shí)髦hasbeendevelopingtointroduce

premiuma.高級的，優(yōu)質(zhì)的,speciallyblendedvt.混合coffees,knownas

"gourmetn.美食家，講究吃喝的人coffees"intotheAmericanmarket.Boston

seemstohavebeenthebirthplaceofthistrend.Infact,majorgourmet

coffeemerchantsfromothercitieslikeSeattleandSanFranciscocameto

Boston,wheretodaythey'reengagedvt.A\'U：使從事（某種事業(yè)等）；吸引或引起

（注意、興趣等）；與（某人）交戰(zhàn)inakindof"coffeewar"withBoston's

merchants.Theyareallcompetingforasignificantshareofthegourmet

coffeemarket.Surprisingly,thecompetitionamongtheseleading

gourmetcoffeebusinesseswillnothurtanyofthem.Expertspredictthat

thegourmetcoffeemarketintheUnitedStatesisgrowingandwill

continuetogrow,tothepointthatgourmetcoffeewillsooncapture,俘

獲；奪?。粖Z得；引起（注意、想像、興趣）halfofwhatisnowa1.5-million-dollar

marketandwillbean8-million-dollarmarketby1999.Studieshave

shownthatcoffeedrinkerswhoconverttogourmetcoffeeseldomgo

backtotheregularbrandsfoundinsupermarkets.Asaresult,these

brandswillbethereallosersinthegourmetcoffeecompetition.

12

Youmayrememberthatafewweeksagowediscussedthequestionof

whatphotographyis.Isitart,orisitamethodofreproducing（reproduce）

vt.&vi.復(fù)制，謔現(xiàn)，再版images?Dophotographsbelonginmuseumsorjust

inourhomes?TodayIwanttotalkaboutapersonwhotriedtomakehis

professionaladj.專業(yè)的；專業(yè)性的lifeananswertosuchquestions.Alfred

StieglitzwentfromtheUnitedStatestoGermanytostudyengineering.

Whilehewasthere,hebecameinterestedinphotographyandbeganto

experimentwithhiscamera.Hetookpicturesunderconditionsthatmost

photographersconsideredtoodifficult.Hetookthematnight,intherain,

andofpeopleandobjectsreflectedinwindows.Whenhereturnedtothe

UnitedStateshecontinuedtheserevolutionaryefforts.Stieglitzwasthe

firstpersontophotographskyscrapers,clouds,andviewsfroman

airplane.WhatStieglitzwastryingtodointhesephotographswaswhat

hetriedtodothroughouthislife:makephotographyanart.Hefeltthat

photographycouldbejustasgoodaformofself-expressionn.（以藝術(shù)、文

學(xué)創(chuàng)作等方式）自我表現(xiàn)，個(gè)性表現(xiàn)aspaintingordrawing.ForStieglitz,his

camerawashisbrush.Whilemanyphotographersofthelate1800'sand

early1900'sthoughtoftheirworkasareproductionofidenticalimages,

Stieglitzsawhisasacreativeartform.

Heunderstoodthepowerofthecameratocapturethemoment.Infact,he

neverretouchedvt.潤色，修描（照片）hisprintsormadecopiesofthem.Ifhe

wereinthisclassroomtoday,I'msurehe'dsay,"Well,paintersdon't

normallymakeextracopiesoftheirpaintings,dothey?"

13

So,uh...asJimsaid,JamesPolkwastheeleventhPresident,and...

uh...well,myreport'saboutthenextPresident—ZacharyTaylor.Taylor

waselectedin1849.It'ssurprisingbecause...well,hewasthefirst

Presidentthatdidn'thaveanypreviouspoliticalexperience.Themain

reasonhewaschosenasacandidatewasbecausehewasawarhero.In

thearmy,hismencalledhim"OldRoughandReady".Iguessbecauseof

his..."roughedges."Hewaskindofbluntadj.鈍的，不鋒利的；遲鈍的：H

率的；呆板的andhedidn'treallylooklikeamilitaryhero.Helikedtodo

thingslikewearciviliann.平民，百姓：市民；文官：民法學(xué)者adj.民用的：平民的

clothesinsteadofauniform,eveninbattle.Andhewassoshortand

plumpadj.十:滿的；肥胖的hehadtobeliftedupontohishorse.Buthedid

winalotofbattlesandhebecamemoreandmorepopular.So,theWhig

partydecidedtonominatehimforthepresidency,eventhoughnoone

knewanythingaboutwherehestoodontheissues.Icouldn'tfindmuch

abouthisaccomplishments,probablybecausehewasonlyinofficeabout

ayearandahalfbeforehedied.Butonething,hepushedforthe

developmentofthetranscontinentaladj.橫貫大陸的，大陸那邊的railroad

becausehethoughtitwasimportanttoformalinkwiththeWestCoast.

Therewasalotofwealthn.財(cái)產(chǎn)inCaliforniaandOregonfromcommerce

andmineralsn.礦物；礦彳i；礦物質(zhì)andstuff.Also,heestablishedan

agriculturalbureaun.局；intheDepartmentoftheInteriorandpromoted

moregovernmentaidtoagriculture.Well,that'saboutallIfound.LikeI

said,hediedinofficein1850,sohisVicePresidenttookover,andthat's

thenextreport,so...thankyou.

14

Iwanttowelcomeeachandeveryballoonn.氣球；熱氣球enthusiastto

Philadelphia.Thankyouforcomingherethismorningtocommemorate

thefirstballoonvoyageintheUnitedStates.OnJanuary9,1793,atten

o'clockinthemorning,asilkn.絲，蠶絲；絲綢，絲織物balloonliftedintothe

skiesabovethiscity,whichwas,atthetime,thecapitalofthecountry.

Accordingtotheoriginalrecordsoftheflight,thevoyagelastedforty-six

minutes,fromitsdepartureinPhiladelphiatoitslandingacrossthe

DelawareRiverinNewJersey.Thoughourpilotstodaywilltryto

approximatevi.接近于:近似于theoriginallandingsite,they'reatthemercy

of任憑支配thewinds,sowhoknowswherethey'lldriftoff逐漸

離去to.Eventheballoonistin1793experiencedsomeuncertainweather

thatday.Therewereclouds,fogn.霧，andmistinvariousdirections.Our

reenactmentn.再次展現(xiàn)（相同的事件）promisestobenothinglessthan

spectacularn.壯觀的場面.Theyellowballoondirectlybehindmeisfive

storieshigh.It'sinflatedvt.&vi.使充氣（于輪胎、氣球等）withhelium1＞.＜化＞氨,

unliketheoriginal,whichwasfilledwithhydrogenand,unbeknownsta.

不為人所知的tothepilot,potentiallyexplosive.Gas-filledmodelsare

prettyuncommonnowbecauseoftheextremelyhighcost,sotheeighty

otherballoonsintoday'slaunch投擲arehotair,heatedbypropanen.丙烷

burners噴燒器.Theseballoonsarefromalloverthecountry.

15

I'mgladyoubroughtupthequestionofourinvestigationsn.（正式的）調(diào)查,

研究；偵查；科學(xué)研究；學(xué)術(shù)研究intothemakeupoftheEarth'sinterior.Infact,

sincethisisthetopicn.I題ofyourreadingassignmentfornexttime,let

mespendtheselastfewminutesofclasstalkingaboutit.Therewere

severalimportantdiscoveriesintheearlypartofthiscenturythathelped

geologistsdevelopamoreaccuratepictureoftheEarth'sinterior.Thefirst

keydiscoveryhadtodowithseismicadj.地震的waves.Remembertheyare

thevibrationscausedbyearthquakes.Well,scientistsfoundthatthey

traveledthousandsofmilesthroughtheEarth'sinterior.Thisfinding

enabledgeologiststostudytheinnerpartsoftheEarth.Yousee,these

studiesrevealedthatthesevibrationswereoftwotypes:compressionn.壓

縮orPwavesandshear［力］切力orSwaves.AndresearchersfoundthatP

wavestravelthroughbothliquidsandsolids,whileSwavestravelonly

throughsolidmatter.In1906,aBritishgeologistdiscoveredthatPwaves

sloweddownatacertaindepthbutkepttravelingdeeper.Ontheother

hand,Swaveseitherdisappearedorwerereflectedback,soheconcluded

thatthedepthmarkedtheboundarybetweenasolidmantleandaliquid

core.Threeyearslater,anotherboundarywasdiscoveredthatbetweenthe

mantleandtheEarth'scrust.There'sstillalottobelearnedaboutthe

Earth.Forinstance,geologistsknowthatthecoreishot.Evidenceofthis

isthemoltenlavathatflowsoutofvolcanoes.Butwe'restillnotsure

whatthesourceoftheheatis.

16

Todaywe'regoingtopracticeevaluating（e）vt.評價(jià)themaintoolused

whenaddressinggroups—thevoice.Therearethreemainelementsthat

combinetocreateeitherapositiveornegativeexperienceforlisteners.

Theycanresultinavoicethatispleasingtolistentoandcanbeused

effectively.Ortheycancreateavoicethatdoesn'tholdattention,oreven

worse,causesanadverseadj.不禾ij的reaction.Thethreeelementsare

volume,pitch,andpace.Whenevaluatingvolume,keepinmindthata

goodspeakerwilladjusttothesizeofboththeroomandtheaudience.Of

course,withanamplifyingdevicelikeamicrophone,thespeakercanuse

anaturaltone.Butspeakersshouldnotbedependentonmicrophones;a

goodspeakercanspeakloudlywithoutshouting.Thesecondelement,

pitch,isrelatedtothehighnessorlownessofthesounds.Highpitchesare,

formostpeople,moredifficulttolistento,soingeneralspeakersshould

usethelowerregistersn.音區(qū)oftheirvoice.Duringapresentation,it's

importanttovarypitchtosomeextentinordertomaintaininterest.The

thirdelement,pace,thatishowfastorslowwordsandsoundsare

articulatedvt.清晰地發(fā)（音）；甫語表達(dá)；（用關(guān)節(jié)）連接，shouldalsobevaried.A

slowerpacecanbeusedtoemphasizeimportantpoints.Notethatthe

timespentnotspeakingcanbemeaningful,too.Pausesoughttobeused

tosignaltransitionsn.過渡orcreateanticipationn.期待,希望：預(yù)期，預(yù)測.

Becauseapausegivesthelistenerstimetothinkaboutwhatwasjustsaid

oreventopredictwhatmightcomenext,itcanbeveryeffectivewhen

movingfromonetopictoanother.WhatI'dlikeyoutodonowiswatch

andlistentoavideotapeandusetheformsIgaveyoutoratevt.估價(jià);值得；

責(zé)罵；定級

thespeakingvoicesyouhear.ThentonightIwantyoutogohomeand

readapassageintoataperecorderandevaluatevt.評價(jià)yourownvoice.

17

Let'sproceedvi.進(jìn)行：前進(jìn)；（沿特定路線）行進(jìn)：（尤指打斷后）繼續(xù)說tothemain

exhibitn.展覽，陳列;展覽品;公開展示hallandlookatsomeoftheactual

vehiclesn.車輛;交通工具；傳播媒介,媒介物thathaveplayedaprominentadj.

突出的，杰出的；突起的；著名的roleinspeedingupmaildelivery.Considerhow

longitusedtotaketosendaletteracrossarelativelyshortdistance.Back

inthe1600'sittooktwoweeksonhorsebackadv.在馬背上togetaletter

fromBostontoNewYork,adistanceofabout260miles.Crossingariver

wasalsoachallenge.Ferryservicewassoirregularthatacarriern.搬運(yùn)人；

運(yùn)輸公司wouldsometimeswaithoursjusttocatchaferryn.渡船.For

journeysinland,therewasalwaysthestagecoach,buttheridewasbyno

meanscomfortablebecauseithadtobesharedwithotherpassengers.The

postofficewasprettyingeniousaboutsomeroutes.Inthenineteenth

century,intheSouthwesterndesert,forinstance,camelswerebroughtin

tohelpgetthemailthrough.InAlaska,reindeern.＜動(dòng)〉馴鹿wereused.This

practicewasdiscontinuedbecauseofthedisagreeabletemperamentn.性

格；（人或動(dòng)物的）氣質(zhì)；易沖動(dòng)；（性情）暴躁oftheseanimals.Wellstop