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目錄

第I章閱讀理解技巧指南4

1.1大綱要求和試題類型..4

1.2解題技巧指南4

第2章閱讀理解高分特訓(xùn)10()篇7

2.1多項選擇7

?文學(xué)傳記類7

?商業(yè)經(jīng)濟類25

?教育文化類5()

?科普科研類69

?社會生活類88

2.2同答問題110

?文學(xué)傳記類110

?商業(yè)經(jīng)濟類115

?教育文化類120

?科普科研類128

?社會生活類139

第閱讀理解技巧指南

1.1大綱要求和試題類型

全國翻譯碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位教行指導(dǎo)委員會根據(jù)《今日制翻譯碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生指導(dǎo)性培養(yǎng)方案》以及培養(yǎng)高

層次、應(yīng)用型、專業(yè)性n筆譯人才的教育目標(biāo),制定f全日制翻洋碩1:專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試大綱,其中.《翻

譯碩士英語》考試大綱對閱讀理解部分的具體要求如卜.:

1.考核要求

D能讀慵常見外刊上的專題文章、歷史傳記及文學(xué)作品等各種文體的文章,既能理解其主旨和大意,乂能

分辨出其中的承實與細節(jié),并能理解H中的觀點和隱含意義.

2)能根據(jù)閱讀時間要求調(diào)整白己的閱讀速度.

2.試題類型

1)多項選擇題(包括信息咻實性閱讀題和觀點評判性閱讀題):

2)簡答題(要求根據(jù)所閱讀的文章,用3-5行字數(shù)的有限篇幅扼要㈣答問題,重點考查閱諛綜述能力).

本部分強材廣泛,體裁笠樣.選材體現(xiàn)時代性、實用性:重點考性通過閱讀獲取信息和理解觀點的能力;對

閱讀速度有一定要求》

通過分析各大院?!斗g碩士英語》考研真題可知,閱讀理解的出趣形式主要為四至五篇文章,其中一至兩

篇為簡答題,其他文章為多項選擇題,一般多項選擇題每題2分,荷答題母題2至4分.由于《翻譯碩士英語》

由各招生單位自主命題,閱讀部分的文章長度差別比較大,閱讀最大的能達到4000多詞(如四川大學(xué)),小的

只花1500詞左右(如另外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)),大多數(shù)院校閱讀H控制在2500詞至3000詞左右.

1.2解題技巧指南

I.閱讀理解常見考題分析

閱讀理解中,常見的考題主要有:主旨題、細節(jié)題、推斷題和語義題等.棟種題型對考生的能力和知識考杏

的側(cè)垂點都布所不同.下面就俗?種題型及其解題思路進行分析講解.,

(I)主旨題

測試考生對整篇短文主要內(nèi)容、中心大意的理解,文章的主題思想就是作者通過文章所要&達的觀點、感情

和思想等.主題思想往往是通過文章中各部分內(nèi)容及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系體現(xiàn)出來的,通常由?個或兩個句子來去達,這

類題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于文章的第?段和最后?段.

(2)細節(jié)胭

細H題是閱讀理解部分常見的題目類型,芍有芍生對文章中某個幾體信息的理解.這類題通常生根據(jù)短文提

供的信息和很實進行提問,選擇的依據(jù)必須是短文本身提供的信息。做這類題的關(guān)揚先找出每道題所包含的關(guān)鍵

詞和短語,然后再[可到原文中尋找到含有關(guān)遮詞的原句.

(3)推理題

推理題芍查的是寫生根據(jù)已知信息迸行判斷推理、挖掘深層內(nèi)涵的能力.由于這類題的答案往往在短文的字

面上不會出現(xiàn),因此有一定的難度.做這類題的關(guān)犍在于要抓住問題中的某一個或幾個關(guān)鍵詞或短語,根據(jù)上下

文推斷出這些詞所在的句子或句群的深刻含義.這類題就必要考生從原文中的相關(guān)信息推出原文中沒有目接發(fā)達

出來的含義.

解答這類題目時.通常應(yīng)該注意以下幾點;

①這類即型,在文字表面并沒有明顯反映作者的全部意圖,需要從字里行間去體會作苕的隱含意義,靠H己

的避輯推理能力去判斷,從上下文的聯(lián)貫及文中rr大部分的暗示去理解:

②推理題的答案?般不能在原文中心接找到,但在原文中有間接的提示和線索:

③有時需要根據(jù)作者敘述的語氣,以及所提供的事實和細色進行分析和推理才能找到正確答案:

⑷推理題中有?類判斷作者態(tài)度的題H.做這類題時.不能只把注意力放在文章中所描述的事實匕而應(yīng)該

更加注意作者在描述某一事實時所使用的語言.如作者所使用的修飾語.這一類訶最能反映出作存寫作時的心態(tài)

以及他深藏在語言文字后面的對某?事件的立場.

為了更好地解粹這類問題.芍生應(yīng)注意在平時積累一些表小人的態(tài)度觀點的詞,比如:

僵義類:amused(愉快的).supporting(支持的),admiring(費資的),oprimistie(樂觀的),praising(費揚的),

humorous(幽默的),enthusiasiic(熱情的),pleasant(愉快的),sober(冷靜的),approving(滿意的).

positive(肯定的):

中件類:subjective(主觀的).exaggeralcd(夸大的),skeptical(懷疑的).sympathetic(同情的),indifferent(冷漠的),

neutral(中小的).impersonaK客觀的),objective(客觀的),subjective(主觀的).impassive(冷漠的),

ambivalent(矛盾的),叩athetic(無動于火的).impartial(公平的):

貶義為:crilical(批判的),doubtfuK懷疑的bmocking(嘲笑的),cynical(冷嘲熱諷的bsarcastic(諷刺的),ironic(諷

刺的),disgusted(厭惡的).depressed(沮喪的).disappointed(失電的).、entimentaK傷感的).negative(消

極的.否定的).suspicious(懷疑的),tokranU容忍的),biased(行偏見的)等”

(4)語義題

確定文章中特定詞語的意義以及以they,this.thai.those等代詞的指代關(guān)系.這類題測試考生在短文中理

解單詞和詞組意義的能力.解決這類題的關(guān)鍵在「要先找到您「中需要解擇的句子在文章中的具體位置.然后將

四個選項分別代入原文.結(jié)合上下文看哪一個選項最符合文意.

解答語義分析類的題目時.絕灼不能根據(jù)詞語誠短謂本身而望文生義,必須要根據(jù)該詞或短語所在的具體上

F文加以分析推測.

2.閱設(shè)方法

(I)掃讀

掃讀(scanning)是指以最快的速度掃視所讀材料,在找到所衢信息時才仔細閱讀該項內(nèi)容,如在找某個人名、

地名、時間、地點等,也即在J找特定信息、J找具體事實、J找答題所靠內(nèi)容時都用得著這種方法.

(2)賂;,

略讀(skimming)是指選擇性地閱讀.通常的閱讀要求看到每一個詞,每次注目行1-2個詞.而略讀對眼睛跳

動的頻率和幅度的要求較高,不需要看清每一個詞.有時展至從上一行跳到下一行.略讀不可能全部了解文章內(nèi)

容,但是能大大地提高閱讀速度.也能獲得大量的信息.略讀的主要作用是J'解文章的大意.經(jīng)過略讀之后,考

生對所讀內(nèi)容已經(jīng)有了大致的「解.再仔細閱模.這時的印象會更深刻,理解更透徹.略詼的美犍是增加眼跳的

幅度,高度集中注意力,努力捕捉那些能引起注意或者你認為席要的內(nèi)容.

(3)研讀

研讀(studyreading)就是指仔細閱讀,通過這種閱讀可以對文章有透徹深刻的理解,根據(jù)考題,運用上下文、

邏輯關(guān)系、背景知識進行判斷和推論,對睢句的理解和推理以及一些由實性細節(jié)題需要用這種方法

3.閱讀考試解題技巧

(I)瀏覽試18明確目標(biāo)

在閱讀文章之前,最好首先瀏覽一遍試題、選項,確定題目的類型(比如說是主旨題還是細節(jié)題)。然后.再

帶著問題讀原文,這樣有目的地去閱讀文章,助于更快地找到所需要的信息.

(2)找出段落的中心思想

任何閱讀材料都有其大盤.TF.小說體的閱讀材料通常有比較明顯的人意:,其結(jié)構(gòu)也比較清楚,文格的開頭部

分(introduction)?股會比較明確地指出文章的中心思想.文堂主體部分的每一段也有主題句.通常在段首或段尾

文章的結(jié)尾還要對全文作一個總的概括.文章的各個段落都是為表達主旨服務(wù)的,所以只有對文章主旨有了了解,

做起任何題型就都不會偏肉主題.

(3)如何解決生詞何題

提高閱讀速發(fā)的?個幣:要內(nèi)容是擴大詞匯量.詞匯量決定了你的閱讀理解能力,詞匯量越大,你閱讀得越廣.

視野就越開闊,你閱讀理解的得分就可能越高.

但閱讀過程中不可避免地要遇到生詞.遇到生詞最好的解決方法是通過上下文猜測.以下幾條建議可梢助你

猜測訶義:

?利用文筆中詞與詞的同義或者反義關(guān)系清網(wǎng)詞義:

例如:Inthenonhemregionsthewintersaregenerallycoldandhumid,andthesummershotanddry.

顯然,冬天和里大的氣候是截然相反的,它們的修飾詞的意思也應(yīng)該截然相反"cokF與“hot”對應(yīng).“humid”

與“dry”對應(yīng).因此,“humid”是“潮濕”意思.

?通過文章中對詞的定義猜測詞義;

例如:Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.

“(10出1”的意思就是其后定語從句“小01?:中;;1511師('0入911睡00\、,8;”所描述的“擁仃,家《:門:火花的商

店的人”,即“花店主”.

?通過文章中對詞的解科和舉例猜測詞義:

例]如I:Todayyoungcoupleswhoarcjuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspend101softheirmoneyonappliances,

forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcok>rTVs.

通過所舉的例廣(washingmachines.refrigeratorsandcolorTVs)可以看一出.“叩phances”應(yīng)是這些名詞的總稱.

即“家用電器”.

?通過構(gòu)詞法知識(前綴和后綴)猜測詞義.

例如;Theyovereslimatetheinterviewee'sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.

飛slimaie”是“估計”的意思,“over」前綴意為“過分,過度.超過”等,因此“overestimate”就是“島估”

的意思.

(4)利用篇串連接詞

篇章連接詞是指在文章中用來說明上下句或前后句兩個意思之間關(guān)系的詞或詞組.連接詞一般用于以下幾種

情況:

①連接詞通常用于開篇.引出擴屣句:

?連接詞也可用于句中.尤其是用于較長的復(fù)雜句f中,以作為上下文的連接紐帶:

③連接詞還可以川于文章結(jié)尾處或者段末.用于總結(jié)上文或結(jié)束本段內(nèi)容.

在閱讀過程中,如果我們能然利用這些連接詞,便能快速理清文章的思路,這就在一定程及上提高了英語的

閱讀效率.

常見的連接詞通??梢杂脕砣ナ疽韵聨追N關(guān)系:

?表示平行或遞進關(guān)系

and.also,aswell(as).a<thesametime,besides,both...andfirtherniore.inaddition(to).likewise,moreover,

similarly,worsestill等.

在閱讀過程中,當(dāng)看到其中的任何一個連接詞時,應(yīng)該想到:下文將出現(xiàn)與前邊差不多的、同類性質(zhì)的內(nèi)容.

或是對前面內(nèi)容的進一步闡述.

?&示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

although,but.however,nevertheless,onthecontrary,otherwise,totheopposite,while,yet等

這些詞表明作者正在向讀者發(fā)出?種信號,下文所述的將是?種全新的或是相反的內(nèi)容,見解和觀點,而要

引起讀苕的格外注意.在閱讀過程中,當(dāng)橫到其中任何個表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接訶時,應(yīng)該放慢閱讀速度,多印

心下文在意義上的變化.

?代示H的或因果關(guān)系:

as.asaresuh,because(of),consequently,dueto.for.nowthat,since,so,so...(hat...such...thattherefore,thus

等。

在閱讀過程中.這些連接詞也犯梢助讀者理解作苕行文思路的TF用信號.

?&小層次、聯(lián)序關(guān)系

after(that),another,before,firsttly).sccond(ly).third(ly).allast,finally,laieron.next,then,ontheonehandan

theotherhand等

抓住這些連接詞,讀若能快速地把握作苕的行文思路.比如:first,second,third,finally等訶.表明了一種順

序,讀杵能通過它們迅速從大體上理清文章的脈絡(luò).

?及示列舉關(guān)系

forexample,forinstance,foronething,foranother,suchas等

在閱讀過程中,當(dāng)碰到其中任何?個時,應(yīng)讀明白?作者在下文將舉出一個類似情形的事例.而往往這些事

例都是為附面的陳述做進一步解擇或論證的.

?衣示歸納、總結(jié)

asaresult,briefly,inaword,mbrief,inshort,onthewhole,tosumup等.

作者通過這些連接詞給讀者?種暗示,下面的內(nèi)容將是對前面所述內(nèi)容的概拈或總結(jié).

掌握了這些連接詞的使用特點,將有助于讀者對全文脈絡(luò)Til個消晰的把握,對提而閱讀速度和效率都TT很大

的柄助.

第2章閱讀理解高分特訓(xùn)100篇

本部分精選的100篇閱讀理解按照“解譯碩I:英語”??嫉念}型,分為:常規(guī)多項選擇題型和根據(jù)文章何答

問題。

2.1多項選擇

〈文學(xué)傳記類

PassageI題材,文學(xué)傳汜類字數(shù):548

TwohundredyearsagotheEnglishpoetWilliamWordsworthwroteTwander'dlonelyasadoud'\apoemthat

expressesabasicspiritoftheearlyEnglishRomanik:ism,1(wasThursday.15thApril1802.WilliamandDorothy

Wordsworth,thepoetsdevoted,journal-writingsister,werewalkinghometoDoveCottageinthel>akeDistrict.The

windwasfierce,buttheWordsworthsiblingswereusedtostridinglongdistancesinfoulweather.Theywereinthe

woodsclosetothewatersidewhentheyfirstctoppedeyesor\afieldofdaffodils"flutteringanddancinginthebreeze*'.

Whalmakes(hispoemanexampleofRomanticthinking?hisn'tjustthatWordsworthchoosestowriicabouta

naturalscene:ifisthewayhedescribesthesceneasifithadhumanemotions.Forhim.natureisnotmerelyaneutral

mixtureofscenery,colours,pkints,rocks,soil,waterandair.Ilisadrivingforcethatfeelsjoyandsadness,share、human

pain<indeventriestoeducateushumanbeingsbyshowingusthebeautyoflife.

Wordsworthshome.DoveCottage,isnowoneofthemostpopulardestination、intheLikeDistrict.Youcangoon

alouroflhegardenwhichWilliamplantedwithwildflowersandwhichsurvivedinhisbackyardevenafterthey

disappearedfromthearea."Healwayssaidthatifhehadn'lbeenapoet,hewouldhavebeenaterrifickindscape

gardener/'saysAllanKingoftheWordsworthTrust,theorganizationthatlooksafterthecottageandgardens.

TheLakeDistriclinthenorthwestofEnglandbecomesparticularlycrowdedduringthesummermonthswith

touristsandramblerseagertoenjoytheregion'smajesticvalleys,hillsandsparklinglakes.Wordsworthhimselfwasfar

fromkeenontourists,whichwasquiteapparent.Hewantedoutsiderstoadmirethelocalsightsheenjoyedsomuch,but

wasafraidthedistriclmightbe"damaged"bytoomanyvisitors.Heopposedtheconningof(hetrains,andcampaigned

inthe1840sagainstuplantolink(hetownsinthearea-Kendal.WindermereandKeswickbyrail.

TheplacenearUlkwatcr.whereWdrdswonhsawtheWfodik.matthesouthernmostendofthelake.Thelakeis

wideandcalmatthisturningpoint.There'sabaywherethetreeshavehadtheirsoilerodedbylakewatersothattheir

rootsareshockinglyexposed。Ybuwalkalongfromtreetotree,hardlydaringtobreathe,becauseyouarewalkinginthe

footprintsofWilliamandDorothyfromtwocenturiesago.Thefirstclumpsofdaffodilsappear,buttheyaren'ttall

yellowtrumpetsproudlyswayinginthebreeze.They'retinywilddaffodils,mostofthemstillgreenandunopened,in

clumpsofsixorseven.They*regroupedaroundindividualtreesratherthancollectingtogether.

Butasyoulooknorth,frombesideahugeancientoak.yourealizethisiswhatdelightedtheWordsworths:clump

afterclumpofthethings,spreadouttoleftandrightbu<comingtogetherinyourvisionsothattheyformabcaucifuL

pale-yellowcarpel.VMiatyou'reseeingatlastisnaturetransformedbyhumansightandimagination.Forasecond,you

sharethatrevebtionofDorothyandWilliamWordsworths?theglimpseofpantheism,thecentralmysteryofEnglish

Romanticism.

1.Accordingtothearticle.Wordsworth'spoem.

|A]startedtheRomanticmovement

IB]wasbasedonactualexperience

|C]waswrittenwhilehewasvisitinghissister

(DJwaswrittenafterhehadbeenlonely

2.WhatwasWordsworthsattitudelonature?

|A|Hebelievednaturehadacharacterofitsown.

|B]Uefehnaturewashuman.

|C]Hethoughtnaturecouldtalktopeople.

|D|Hebelievedthatwecouklinfluencenature.

3.WearetokithatDoveCottage.

[A|hasgardensdesignedbyalandscapegardener

|B]hasveryoklplantsinthegarden

|C|getsalotofvisitors

(D|hasalargebackyard

4.Whaldocsthewritersuggestbythewords"hardlydaringtobreathe"inline4.paragraph5?

(A]Youhavetowalkcarefullyhere.

[B]Youcan'tbreathebecausetheatmosphereissuffewating.

|C]Ybumightfeelexcitedtobeinthisplace.

|D|Ybumustconcentratetostayonthefootpalh.

5.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofWordsworthasapoet?

|A|HebelievesthatWordsworthwasanimportantfigureinEnglishcuhure.

(B)HeiscriticalofWordsworth.

|CJHebelievesWordsworthwasasentimentalperson.

[D]liedisagreeswithWordsworth'sopinionaboutnature.

【答案與解析】

LB根據(jù)第?段大意,可知Wor&worth的詩是根據(jù)他和姐妹步行回家所看到的風(fēng)景寫成的.A項未提及,C和

D項錯誤.

2.A根據(jù)第二段hedescribesthesceneasifithadhumancmotions以及最后一句可推tl;Wordsworth時待自然的態(tài)

度.

3.C根據(jù)第:段第一句oneofthemostpopulardestinations可知DoveCottage有很多游客

4.C由第fi段becauseyouarewalkinginthefootprintsofWilliamandDorothyfromtwocenturiesago可知可能是

因為太激動了而不敢呼吸.

5.A從全文來看,作者對于Wordsworth法賞花加.無負面過價,故選項A正確.

【詞匯詞皴】

?wandervi.徘徇:漫步:迷路:腐題

17.游蕩,漫游

?foul“打犯規(guī)的:邪惡的:污穢的:淤塞的

vi.犯規(guī):弄臟:淤塞:纏住,妨害

vi.犯規(guī):腐爛;綢

,,.犯規(guī);纏繞

adv.違反規(guī)則地,不正當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

?neutralM.中立的,中性的:中立國的;止彩色的

it.中立國:中立者

?lerrific的,極好的;極其的,等常的

,clumpn,叢;笨重的腳步聲:匕塊

vi.形成一叢:以沉用.的步子行走

”.使成一叢:使凝結(jié)成塊

Passage:題材:文學(xué)傳記類字數(shù):605

IhavebeenlivinginLondonformorethan60years,butstill,whenI'mdrivingandlakesomecleverback-sireel

short-cutIcatchmyselfthinkinghowextruordinuryitisthatIunidoingthis!ForamomentthetownmouseIhave

becomeisbeingseenbythecountrymouseIused(obe.Andalthough,givenanewstart.Iwouklagainbecomeatown

mouse,whenIvisitrelationsinthecountry.Ienvythem.

Recenily,IstoodbesideafreshwaterlakeIDNorfolk,madebydivertingasmallriver,nearwheremybrotherlives.

Ashewasidentifyingsomeofthebirdswecouldsee.incamesevenswans.Theycircled,thenthehauntingsoundof

theirwingbeatsgavewaytosilenceastheyglidedintoasplash-down.

Itisnota“picturesque"partofthecoast,butithasadefinitecharacteroflineandfightandcolor.',Ybudoliveina

lovelyplace/,Isaidtomybrother,andheanswered,',Yes.Ido,',Therearcprobablyfewdayswhenhedoesnotpauseto

recognizeitslovelinessasheworkswithhisboatsheteachessailing-orgoesabouthismanyotheroccupations.

Thelake'screatorisalocalbndowner,continuingthetraditionwherebythenatureofourcountrysidehasbeen

determinedbythosewhoowntheland.Fcrmcrly,landownerswouldalmostcertainlyhavemadesuchchangesfortheir

ownbenefit,butthistimeitwasdonetohelppreservethewildlifehere,whichisavailableforanyvisitortosee,

providingtheydonothingtodisturbthebirds.Itisevidenceofchange:countrylifeischangingfast.

OneofthebiggestchangesIhavewitnessedisthatsecond-homers,logetherwithcommuters,havecometobe

acceptedasavitalpartofthecountryscene.Alsothemenandwomenwhoservicetheircars,digIheirgardens,install

theirphones,repairtheirwordprocessors,laytheircarpetsanddoalltheotherthingstheyneed,arcvitallomodem

countrylife.

Itisquitelikelythatthechildrenofloday'sworkersmaybemovingintothesamekindofjobsasthe

second-homersandtheretired.BoththechildrenofacountrywomanIknowareatuniversity,andsheherself,nowthat

theyhavelefthome,isworkingtowardsauniversitydegree.OneofthedelightsofcountrylifeKxiay.itseems,isthat

thereyoucanseehowmuchsocialmobilityisincreasing.

Muchdepends,ofcourse,on(hepariofthecountrysideyouarelivinginandonpersonality-yourownandthatof

yourneighbors.Inmybrother*sNortblkvilbgc,sociallifeseemsdizzyingtoa[jondoner.Inadditiontodroppinginan

neighbors,peoplethrowandattendpartiesfarmoreoftenthanwedo.Mybrotherswife,Maryandherfriendsflyoffon

themostdashingbargainbreaksinKrakoworPragueorXfenice.andarealwaysgoingintoNorwichforaconcertorto

King'sLynnforanexhibition.Theboringcountrylifethatpeoplefromcities(alkaboutisathingofchepastor

perhapsthatwasonlyeveranimpression.

ThisisveryunlikelivinginaLondonstreetfor50yearsandknowingonlythenamesoffourotherresidents.In

these5()yearsIhavemadeonlyonerealfriendamongthem.Idoenjoymylife,andMarysaysthatshesometimes

enviesit(thegrassontheothersideofthefence),hutwheneverIgotoNorfolk,1endupfeelingthatthelivesofcountry

micearemoreadmirablethanmyown.

I.Itissometimesasourceofsurprisetothewricer,..

(A]tofindherselfdrivingthroughbackstreels

|B]thatshehasbeeninthecityforsolong

|CJtorealizehowmuchshehasgotusedtolivinginLondon

[D]thatshelivesinthecitywhensheprefersthecountry

2.Theatmospherecreatedbythewriterwhenshedescribestheswansis.

|A]magical

[B]frightening

(C]deafening

|D|disturbing

3.Whatdoes“II"inline5.paragraph4referlo?

|A|ThefreshwaterlakeinaNorfolkvilhge.

IBlThefactthatthelakebelongsloakindownerhere.

[C]Thefactthatwildlifenowneedstobepreserved.

[D]Thereasonfbrthelandowner'saction.

4.Whatissuggestedaboutoutsiderswhonowliveinthecountry?

|A|Thatcountrypeoplenolongerrejectthem.

(B}Thattheyoftendoworklikeservicingcarsanddigginggardens.

[CJThatthemenandwomenwhoworkforthemarefromthecity.

[D|Thatmanyofthemhavebeeninthecountrysideforalongtime.

5.Sociallifein(hecountry.

|A]dependscompletelyonwhereyoulive

[B]isnotasdullaspeopleinthecitiessometimesthinkitis

[C]isnotaffectedbyyourneighbors

|D|isalwayslessexcitingthanlifeinthecity

【答案與解析]

1.C文章第,句說IhavebeenlivinginLondonformorethan60years.住在倫敦六卜多年了.然而還會calch

myself(hiiikinghowextraordinaryitis山*Iamdoingthi>此處的this1E是指生活在倫敦那么久,井口如此

熟悉,以致能的很聰明地從后巷抄近路?

2.A在第二段中.作者描寫七只天上在空中盤旋,從haunling、silence、splash-down等詞能夠看出其中的魔幻

的意境frightening令人恐懼的:deafening旄中欲佬的.disturbing令人不安的.

3.D第四段第二句提到,過去,上地的擁有者是為了自己的利益在自己的領(lǐng)地里做改動,但是這次的改動是因

為要幫助保護本地的野生生命-所以第三句中提到的it應(yīng)該是指土地擁有者做出改動的原因.有所不同r

4.A第五段第一句提到second-homerttogetherwhhcommuters,havecometobeacceptedasuvitalpartofthe

ccumryscciw,即這叫外來的人己經(jīng)被接納,不可受到攙味.成為多村九

5B倒數(shù)第:段細說{鄉(xiāng)村人生活的多彩,最力;一句提到—heboringcountrylifethatpeoplefromcitiestalkabiiul

已然成為過去,并且,也許從來就只是一個不實的印象而已。

【詞匯詞組】

?extraordirnwy〃力.非凡的:特別的:離奇的:臨時的:特派的

,divertv/轉(zhuǎn)移:使…歡娛:使…轉(zhuǎn)向

W.轉(zhuǎn)移

?hmmi常出沒于…:縈繞于…:經(jīng)常去…

\i.出沒;作崇

棲息地:常去的地方

?disturbr/.打擾:妨礙:使不安:弄亂:使惱怒

可打擾:妨礙

?vitaladj.至關(guān)刑要的:生死攸關(guān)的:有活力的

?dizzyadj.暈眩的;使人頭葷的:忤亂的;心不在焉的:愚法的

”.使頭性眼花:使混亂:使茫然

Passage?題材:文學(xué)傳記類字數(shù):548

CharlesDarwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies''iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,

hutmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea'ssignificanceandsoilingit(o(he

publicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum'snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutkwaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretum

directorJan.I.hasstudiedDarwin'swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontcmpcrarics.WhileDarwinis

widelycreditedas(hefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe"historicalsketch''thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsof

hismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown.earlierideas.

ThehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprintingFriedmantold.anaudienceonJan.1().until;bythe6(h

edition.34authors:werementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomwherebetween50and60authorshadbeaten

Darwinin(heirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDanvin'sgrandfather;ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritated

clergymenwithhisinsistence(hatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman*stalk."ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvohitionAncestors,“tookplaceatthearboretumslloncy^cll

FkiildmgandwasthefirstinanewDirector'sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn'toriginality.FriedmansaidthatDanvin's

thinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.moMprominentlyAlfredWallace,whese

wrilingonthesubjectafteryeaisin(hefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof"OntheOriginofSpecies.**Ahhough(hebook

runsmorethan400pages.Friedmansaiditwasnever(hebookonevolution,andnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.

In1856.threeyearsbefore(hebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselection(hatwouldn't

seepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating"On(heOriginofSpecies'*occurredin1858.whenWallacewroteDarwindetailing

Wallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWalhce\ideasspurredDarwinintowriting"Onthe

OriginofSpecies''asan"abslract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowrrtehisideasinplainkinguage,whichledioabook

thatwasnotonlyrevolutioiuiry.despitethosewho*dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwinscientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.In

additionto(heconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,sometimessomeofthe

earlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalsclcvliontheappendixof

abookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersof(hecorrectnessofanidea.

Darwinthrough**On(heOriginofSpecies."wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedman

said.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,“Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,

whosechimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwin

bytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject."Darwinism/'

I.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman.Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies'*isgreatinthat.

|A|itwasthemoststudiedbyhterscientists

|B|ithadSignificantideasaboutevolution

|C|itwasthefirstlo(alkaboutevolution

|D|itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwmattacheda^historicalsketch''tohterprintingsofhisbookmanattemptto.

(A]credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

|B]Claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

|C|introducehisgrandfatherlothereader

[DJsummarizehispredecessors,work

3:InFriedman'sview.Darwin'soriginalitybesin.

|A|histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

[B]hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

[C]thewayhewrote"OntheOriginsofSpecies”

|D|Chewayhelecturedontheideasofevohition.

4.WehavelearnedthatalfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin.

[AJamuchlargerbook

[B|a400book

[CJscientificterms

|D]phinlanguage

5.Scientifkdiscover)1requiresallthefolk)wingexcept.

|A]comingupwithanewidea

|B]understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

[Clmakingclaimsto(heideabywritingbooks

|D|convincingothersof(hecorrectnessof(heidea

【答案與解析】

ID根據(jù)第一段新E首講的話可知.讓人們認識到了進化論思想的重要性,止大眾接受了這一思想,并讓這?

思想廣泛生根發(fā)芽是達爾文偉大的原因,所以選D。

2.A根據(jù)第.段最后一句可知,他后來附錄在他巨作的“歷史背景描述“平息/那些為臼己的觀點——比運

爾文進化論思想出現(xiàn)的更R的觀點——而爭斗的人,所以,他的歷史背景描述承認了在他之前的關(guān)于進化

論的思想.所以選A.

3.A第7i段第句提到「獨創(chuàng)性這話題.根據(jù)第五段第:句可知,達爾文大于進化論機制是自然選擇的思想

很少為其他人共享,連華萊上也沒有這樣的觀點,所以選A.

4.A根據(jù)第六段及后一句,達爾文把他的思想提煉出來,就不用再豌力寫一本大得多的書,可知,達爾文本來

打算寫本大得多的書.所以選A

5.C根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段弗里娜曼的觀點,科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅僅要有想法,還要有對這一想法的意義的理解,要能說服

人們關(guān)于想法的正確性.C項沒有提及,所以選C。

【詞匯詞組】

?credit".信用,信譽:|金融]貸款:學(xué)分:信任;聲里

vl.相信,信任:把…婦給,歸功于:費頌

,sketchii,素描:略圖:梗概

vt畫素描或速寫

VI.畫案描或速寫

?uritalc>7.刺激.使興奮;激怒

??,引起惱怒,引起不愉快

?spurn.鼓舞,刺激:馬刺:山坡

n.騎馬疾馳:給予刺激

vt激勵.鞭策:給…裝馬刺

?painstakinglyadv.煞費苦心地:費力地

?timber木材[木料

Passage4題材:文學(xué)傳記類字數(shù):400

WhydocsstorjlcDingendureacrosstimeandcullurcs?PerhapstheanswerIksinourevolutionaryroot*.Astudyot*

thewaythatpeoplerespondtoVictorianliteraturehintsthatnovelsactasasocialglue,reinforcingthetypesofbehavior

thatbenefitsociety.

Literature“couldcontinuallyconditionsocietysothatwefightagainstbaseimpulsesandworkinacooperalive

way",saysJonathanGottschallofWashingtonandJeffersonCollege,Pennsylvania,lieandco-authorJosephCarrollal

theUniversityofMissouri.StLouis,study

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