unit8長句翻譯課件

Unit8難句和長句的翻譯

translationoflonganddifficultsentences返回分析原文，理清句子結(jié)構、邏輯關系梳理層次，找出中心內(nèi)容、次要成分劃分意群，逐一譯成漢語、注意呼應重新組合，按照漢語習慣、調(diào)整次序翻譯要點：Internationalcountertrade(對等貿(mào)易)isapracticewherebyasuppliercommitscontractually—asaconditionofsale—toReciprocate(returnsthgivenordone回報）

andundertakecertainspecifiedcommercialinitiativesthatcompensateandbenefitthebuyer.①國際對等貿(mào)易⑥作為一種銷售條件，②是指⑤供應方以合同的方式承諾，⑦通過回報和承辦某些特別商務活動④的方式⑨給⑩購買方⑨以補償和利益③的一種慣例。西安是古絲綢之路的起點，也是中國歷史上建都最多的城市之一。新發(fā)掘的秦兵馬俑被稱為“世界第八大奇跡”；大雁塔、鼓樓是唐代留下來的建筑；您可以到楊貴妃洗澡的華清池去洗溫泉澡；作為炎黃子孫還可以去拜謁離西安不遠的黃帝陵。①西安是古絲綢之路的起點，也是中國歷史上建都最多的城市之一。②新發(fā)掘的秦兵馬俑被稱為“世界第八大奇跡”；③大雁塔、鼓樓是唐代留下來的建筑；您可以到楊貴妃洗澡的華清池去洗溫泉澡；④作為炎黃子孫還可以去拜謁離西安不遠的黃帝陵。1.順序翻譯法ThedebtproblemsconfrontinganumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChina’sdeterminationtointroduceforeigntechnologybymeansofdirectinvestmentandconcessionaryfinanceratherthanbyraisingsubstantialsumsofmoneyontheinternationalcapitalmarkets.1.順序翻譯法①Thedebtproblems②confrontinganumberofdevelopingcountries③havereinforcedChina’sdetermination④tointroduceforeigntechnology⑤bymeansofdirectinvestmentandconcessionaryfinance⑥r(nóng)atherthanbyraisingsubstantialsumsofmoney⑦ontheinternationalcapitalmarkets.許多發(fā)展中國家所面臨的債務問題更加堅定了中國通過直接投資和優(yōu)惠融資的方式來引進外國技術的決心，而不是通過在國際資本市場籌集大量資金。ThemildcapitalismemerginginEasternEurope,thoughunthinkableintheseCommunistnationsjustafewyearsago,isafarcryfromthefree-marketeconomicspracticedintheWestandwillprobablysoforalongtime.東歐正出現(xiàn)溫和的資本主義，要是幾年前在這些共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政的國家里是不可想象的。盡管如此，這種溫和的資本主義與西方實行的自由市場經(jīng)濟有很大的差別，這種差別可能還會維持很長一段時間。Itdidnottakelong,however,formantorealizethatthereweresomethingshewasmorecapableofdoingthanothersandthatitwouldbenefithimtoconcentratehiseffortsontheproductionofthosegoodsinwhichhewasparticularlyproficientandleaveotherstoproducethegoodsthatcalledforskillswhichhedidn’tpossess.①Itdidnottakelong,②however,③forman④torealize⑤thatthereweresomethings⑥hewasmorecapableofdoingthanothers⑦and⑧thatitwouldbenefithim⑨t(yī)oconcentratehiseffortsontheproductionofthosegoods⑩inwhichhewasparticularlyproficient⑾andleaveothersto⑿producethegoods⒀thatcalledforskills⒁whichhedidn’tpossess.但是，不久人們就意識到，有些事情他能比別人做的更好，而且，假如他集中精力生產(chǎn)那些他擅長生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，而讓其他人去生產(chǎn)那些需要別的技能(而這中技能他是不具備的）才能生產(chǎn)出來的商品，那么他就有利可圖了。2.顛倒翻譯法先把原因、條件、事實等細節(jié)譯出，再把結(jié)論性、態(tài)度性的東西譯出。當主語相當長，也即主語的修飾成分很多時，一般先把所有的修飾成分譯出，再譯主謂。Theeraofblatantdiscriminationendedinthe1960sthroughthecourageousactionsofthousandofblacksparticipatinginpeacefulmarchedandsit-ins,toforceSouthernstatestoimplementtheFederaldesegregation（segregation）lawsinschoolsandpublicaccommodations.六十年代，千千萬萬的黑人參加了和平游行示威和靜坐，他們的勇敢行動迫使南方各州執(zhí)行聯(lián)邦政府關于在學校和公共場所廢除種族隔離的法律，從而結(jié)束了公然歧視黑人的時代。Theproblemofpossiblegeneticdamagetohumanpopulationsfromradiationexposures,includingthoseresultingfromthefalloutfromtestingofatomicweapons,hasquiteproperlyclaimedmuchpopularattentioninrecentyears.人類由于面臨輻射的威脅，包括原子武器試驗產(chǎn)生的放射性散落物所造成的輻射威脅，很可能造成基因損傷，這一問題近年來已經(jīng)理所當然地引起人們的廣泛重視。ThetimeisnownearatthehandwhichmustprobablydeterminewhetherAmericansaretobefreemenorslaves;whethertheyaretohaveanypropertytheycancalltheirown;whethertheirhousesandfarmsaretobepillaged(stealingofproperty)anddestroyed,andthemselvesconsignedtoastateofwretchednessfromwhichnohumaneffortswilldeliverthem.3.先把主語譯出，再補細節(jié)Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofordinaryperson,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofbakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.科學家的思維活動和一般人的思維活動之間并沒有多大的區(qū)別，無非是面包師或者屠夫的操作和方法與化學家的操作之間有所區(qū)別，前者是用普通的稱來稱他們的貨物，而后者是用天平和等級分得很精細的砝碼來進行困難而又復雜的分析。WhatevertheenthusiasmofEnglish,whoseemedtobelievethatthePrimeMinisterwasmakingthelongjourneytodowhatMr.AsquithandSirEdwardhadfailedtodoin1914—warnGermanythatanyaggressionagainstasmallpowerwouldbringnotonlyFrancebutBritainintowaragainstit—Hitlerrealized,astheconfidentialGermanpapersandsubsequenteventsmakeclear,thatChamberlain’sactionwasagodsendtohim.英國人似乎認為首相之長途跋涉是要完成阿斯奎先生和愛德華爵士在1914年所沒能做到的事情—警告德國：對小國的任何侵略，不但會引起法國而且還有英國的參戰(zhàn)，聯(lián)合反德。然而不管英國人如何熱心，從德國的秘密文件和以后的事態(tài)演變所表明的，希特勒很明白，張伯倫的行動對他來說是一個天賜良機。Thedocumentarycreditoffersauniqueanduniversallyusedmethodofachievingacommerciallyacceptablecompromisebyprovidingforpaymenttobemadeagainstdocumentsthatrepresentthegoodsandmakepossiblethetransferofrightstothosegoods.跟單信用證提供了一種獨特的、普遍采用的方法，即憑代表貨物的單據(jù)付款，從而使貨權的轉(zhuǎn)移成為可能。這是一種商業(yè)上可以接受的方式。NewideasareanoldtraditionatSiemens.ThecompanythatgrewoutoftheoriginalSiemens&Halskeistodayahighlyinnovativeleaderintheworldelectricalandelectronicsmarket.ComposedofSiemensAGandanarrayofdomesticandforeignsubsidiaries,thecontemporarySiemensorganizationcontinuestosetmilestonesontheroadtoprogress.觀念創(chuàng)新是西門子公司的一個悠久傳統(tǒng)。原來的西門子霍爾斯公司已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為今天在世界電氣和電子市場上有高度革新精神的領導者。有西門子有限公司和一大批海外子公司組成的當代西門子公司繼續(xù)在前進的道路上建起一座座里程碑。Siemensmaintainsitsownproductionfacilitiesin35countriesandoperatesaworld-widesalesnetwork.Withmorethan300000employees,itisoneofthelargestcompaniesintheworldelectricalindustry,havingrecordedannualsalesofDM（Deutschmark）54billioninthe1986/87fiscalyear.Reliableandfarsightedmanagementisunitedwiththeyouthfuldynamismandzestforinnovationthattypifythecompany.西門子公司在35個國家擁有生產(chǎn)設施并且構建了一個全球性的銷售網(wǎng)絡。它擁有30多萬雇員，是世界電氣工業(yè)中最大的公司之一。其1986至1987財政年度銷售額為540億德國馬克。遠見卓識和堅實可靠的管理與朝氣蓬勃的活力和改革創(chuàng)新的熱情相結(jié)合，這就是西門子公司的特點所在。1.斷句與合句世界上一些國家發(fā)生了問題，從根本上說，都是因為經(jīng)濟上不去，沒有飯吃，沒有衣穿，沒有房住，工資增長被通貨膨脹抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下崗和失業(yè)，長期過緊日子。Basically,therootcausesforsocialunrestinsomecountriesliesintheirfailureeconomy.Consequentlytheylackfood,clothingandshelter,andtheirwageincreasesareoffsetbyinflation.Withadeclineinlivingstandards,widespreadlayoffsandunemployment,peoplehavetosufferchronichardships.光彩奪目的上球體直徑為45米，其觀光層高達263米，是鳥瞰全市景色的最佳處所，當風和日麗時，舉目遠望，佘山，金山，崇明島隱隱可見，真是“登泰山而小天下”之感。Ashighas263metersabovethecityandlocatedinthe45-meter-in-diameterradiantuppersphere,theobservationdeckmakesitthebestplacetogetabird’s-eyeviewofthewholecity.Onadayofgentlebreezeandbrightsun,standingonit,onecanseethehazyoutlinesofMt.Sheshan,Mt.JinshanandtheChongmingIslandinthedistance,withthefellingthattheworldisbelittled.接著，他繼續(xù)設想，雞又生雞，用雞賣錢，錢買母牛，母牛繁殖，賣牛的錢，用錢放債，這一連串的發(fā)財計劃，當然也不能算是生產(chǎn)的計劃。Hewentonindulginginwishfulthinking.Chickenswouldbreedmorechickens.Sellingthemwouldbringhimmoney.Withthishecouldbuycows.Thecowswouldbreedandsellingoxenwouldmakemoremoneyforhim.Withthemoney,hecouldbecomeamoneylender.Suchasuccessionofstepsforgettingrich,ofcourse,hasnothingatalltodowithproduction.這五年，首先是農(nóng)村改革帶來許多新的變化，農(nóng)作物大幅度增產(chǎn)，農(nóng)民收入大幅度增加，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)異軍突起。Duringthosefiveyears,ruralreformbroughtaboutmanychanges:agreatincreaseincropproductionandinfarmer’sincomeaswellastheriseofruralenterprisesasanewforce.2.理關系分主次有個年輕人，名叫顏回，家里很窮，缺吃少穿，住的房子又小又破。Therewasayoungman.HewascalledYanhui.Hisfamilywasverypoor.Theydidnothaveenoughfoodtoeatnorenoughclothingtowear.ThehousetheylivedinwassmallanddilapidatedTherewasayoungmannamedYanhui,whowassopoorthathisfamilylivedinasmall,dilapidatedhousewithinsufficientfoodandclothing.教室太吵，宿舍太悶，校園里的樹林中，小河邊，假山旁，芳草上全是同學知己，一個個手捧本書，口中念念有詞。Astheclassroomwastoonoisyandthedormtoostuffy,Iwentoutdoors,onlytofindfellowstudentseverywhere—inthewoods,bythebrood,besidetherockery,andonthelaws,allwithbooksintheirhandandreadingthetextsaloud.中國能不能頂住霸權主義，強權政治的壓力，堅持我們的社會主義制度，關鍵就看能不能爭得較快的增長速度，實現(xiàn)我們的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。IfChinawantstowithstandthepressureofhegemonismandpowerpoliticsandtoupholdthesocialistsystem,itiscrucialforustoachieverapideconomicgrowthandtocarryoutourdevelopmentstrategy.3.突出信息中心英語的語序是把重要的信息如結(jié)論、觀點、態(tài)度放在句子的前面表達，然后給予原因、條件、理由、事實予以說明。漢語則相反。我們是在五九年出國的，之后中國連續(xù)三年遭受自然災害，當我們得知這個消息，心情頗為低沉。WehadbeendismayedatthenewsofthenaturalcalamitiesthatfollowedoneanotherforthreeyearsafterweleftChinain1959.現(xiàn)在整個中國，從廣東到廈門和上海，改革之風深入人心，人人都在為繁榮的明天奮斗，中國有何理由要改變目前的狀況？WhywouldChinaupsetthesituationwhenallofChina,fromGuangdongtoXiamenandShanghai,isembracingsweepingreforms,andworkinghardforthefutureprosperity?4.句子調(diào)整中文中的時間，地點，職務，背景知識等往往是用一個獨立句來表示的。而根據(jù)英文習慣，這些非重要的信息不能獨立成句，應譯為狀語、定語、同位語等，隸屬主語。太湖明珠無錫，位于江蘇省的南部，地處美麗富饒的長江三角洲的中心地帶。這里物產(chǎn)豐富，氣候溫和，溫差不大，雨量偏少。大多數(shù)時間陽光燦爛，萬里晴空，是適合全年的旅游勝地。Wuxi,thepearlontheTaiLake,liesinthesouthofJiangsuProvince,thecenterofthebeautifulandrichChangjiangDelta.Themildnessofitsclimate,withslighttemperaturevariationsandinfrequentrainfall,combinedwithahighaveragelevelofsunshineandbrilliantskies,allmakeitidealfortourismalltheyearround.中國的事情能不能辦好，社會主義和改革開放能不能堅持，經(jīng)濟能不能快一點發(fā)展起來，國家能不能長治久安，從一定意義上說，關鍵在人。Inasense,personnelformthekeytotheissueofwhetherwecandowellinChina’sdomesticmatters,whethersocialism,reformandopeningcanbeadheredto,andwhethertheeconomycangrowfasterandthecountryenjoylong-termpeaceandstability.

Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression“untimelydeath”,theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely—alonglifeisthoughttobeafullone.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken.Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMarilynMonroeandJamesDean,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfulfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.如果人們說起“英年早逝”的確有什么意味的話，他們一定是認為相比之下某些死亡更合天意。年邁