職稱英語等級考試試題及答案-衛(wèi)生類A級

2009年度全國職稱英語等級考試

衛(wèi)生類（A級）

試題

第1部分：詞匯選項（第1?15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近

的選項。

1Whycan，tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?

AeverlastingBlong

CtemporaryDboring

2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

AshakenBdamaged

CfallenDjumped

3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

AfaithfulBroyal

CgenuineDsincere

4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

AattractionBsimplicity

CpowerDrigor

5Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

AmistBfog

CmysteryDsecret

6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation.

AannoyedBtroubled

CthreatenedDaroused

7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated,

AborrowedBpurchased

CrewrittenDcopied

8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch.

AfastenedBencouraged

CraisedDinitiated

9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.

AsomeBlittle

CextraDenough

10Thedoctor，spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

ApatientsBmiracles

CillnessDrecovery

11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

AmonotonousBendless

CseriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment.

AoldBunforgettable

CfunnyDunfair

13Youdidn，tadheretotheseprinciples.

AfollowBorder

CproveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland,

AemptyBhairless

CbareDsmooth

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

AexpressionsBwarnings

CinstructionsDadvertisements

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供

的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒

有提及，請選擇C。

CancerDrugTrialsOftenHaltedEarly

Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornewcancertreatmentsarebeing

haltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfullyevaluated,sayItalian

researchers,whowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldputpatientsatriskofharm

fromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.

Theresearcherslookedat25randomized,controlledclinicaltrialsthatwere

stoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefittopatients.

“Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiodbetween1997and2007,we

foundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystoppedtrials-morethan50percent

werestoppedwithinthelastthreeyears,“studyco-authorGiovanniApoIonesaid

atanewsconferenceTuesday.

Of14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007,theresearchers

foundthat11（79percent）ofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplications

submittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.

“Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentinstoppingtrialsprematurely.

Infact,thisstrategycouldguaranteequickeraccesstothemarketforcompanies.

Ontheotherhand,aquickerclinicaldrugdevelopmentmayleadtoan'immature，

benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs,“ApoIonesaid.

Heandhiscolleagues"areawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecausetheyare

showingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnewtreatmentsfor

patients.However,findingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategyshouldbeconsidered

tobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequentconfirmation.

Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-termbenefitsorharmfulsideeffects

ofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparent,ApoIonenoted,buttheaverageduration（持

續(xù)時間）ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleaguesanalyzedwas30months,witharange

from12to64months.

Theyalsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestopped,they，d

enrolledlessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinal

analysis.

“Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperiorbenefitwheneverthere，sproof

beyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatmentreallyissuperior.Thatwouldbe

anethicalobligation,，zStuartPocock,aprofessorofmedicalstatisticsatthe

LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicineintheUnitedKingdom,saidatthe

newsconference."However,toomanytrialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy（功

效）withoutstrongevidencebeingavailable.

16Thenumberofprematurelystoppedclinicaltrialshasincreasedrecently

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Thetrialswerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofnovalue

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18The25trialsinvolvedroughlythesamenumberofparticipants

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Someofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasons.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Participantsinthetrialswerehappywhentheywerestoppedearly

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong-termeffects

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22StuartPocockbelievedthatinnocaseshouldclinicaltrialsstopearly

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23?30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1?4

段每段1選擇個最佳標題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個

最佳選項。

Cancer

1Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody*sbasic

buildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrow

anddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.

Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnot

needthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamass

oftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Benign（~良'性的）tumorsarenotcancer.They

canoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomebackMalignant（惡性的）

tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrol

ororder.

2Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormally

controlthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactors

canchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygene

changesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposureto

ultravioletradiationfromthesun,orexposuretocarcinogens（致癌物）inthe

workplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.

3Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy（化療），

hormonetherapy,andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodora

combinationofmethods,dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer,whether

thediseasehasspread,thepatient*sageandgeneralhealth,andotherfactors.

Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues,itoften

causessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,

weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossibleside

effects.

4Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmay

dependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthedisease,andthepatient*stolerance

forpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,

ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However,paincangenerally

berelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugs

recommendedbythedoctor.

23Paragraph1.

24Paragraph2.

25Paragraph3.

26Paragraph4.

ADoescanceralwayscausepain?

BCancancerbeprevented?

CWhatiscancer?

DHowcommoniscancer?

EWhatcausescancer?

FHowiscancertreated?

27Canceroccurswhencellsmthebodydividewithout

28Genealterationsmaybecausedby

29Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome

30Cancerpatientsmaydifferintheir

Aprescriptionmedicines

Bcontrolororder

Ctoleranceforpain

Dvariousfactors

Enormalgenes

Fdifferentgenessideeffects

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31?45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

YouthEmancipationinSpain

TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstill

livingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents,

homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry，sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（勸誘）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"Youth

Emancipation（解放）〃programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfinding

roomsandjobs.

Economistsblameyoungpeople，sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不穩(wěn)定

的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percent

ayearsince2000.

Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社會學家）.

FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthose

inmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinher

report"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:KeyforUnderstandingZ7.

〃Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemain

bodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized''saidMinguez.

InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentire

groupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（外甥/侄子）alllivingonthe

samestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.

Parents，toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-night

partyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

〃Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe11

putupafightandcallthefatherafascist,saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,a

sociologistatCarlosIllUniversityinMadrid.

Mothers'willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores（家務）worsensthe

problem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.

Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood.

〃Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim;intheend,heliveswell,〃Masso

said.

31The〃YouthEmancipation"programalmsathelpingyoungpeople

Afightforfreedom.

Bfightagainstsocialinjustice.

Cgetridoffamilyresponsibilities,

Dliveinanindependentway.

32Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugal

thanin

AFinland.

BGreece.

CSpain.

DItaly.

33Youngpeople*sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactors

EXCEPT

Aparents'tolerance.

Bhousingproblems.

Cculturaltraditions.

Dunwillingnesstogetmarried

34WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDionisioMasso?

ASheis60yearsold.

BShehasaboyfriend.

CShehasthreechildren

DShelivesinMadrid

35Thephrase"waryof〃mparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby

Atiredof.

Bafraidof.

Ccautiousabout.

Dworriedabout.

SurprisedbyaMiracle

Ihadbeenworkinginthetraumaunitatalocalhospitalforaboutayear.

Yougetusedtofamiliesthinkingthata〃coma〃（昏迷）patientismovingtheirhand

ordoingsomethingthattheywereaskedtodo."Followingcommands"iswhatwecall

itoftenit's"wishfulthinking"onthefamilies，part.Nursescaneasilybecome

callous（麻木不仁的）toit.

Onthisparticularnightduringvisitinghours,mypatient，swifecame~n.I

hadtakencareofhimforseveralnightsIwasveryfamiliarwithhiscareandwhat

hewasabletodo.Actually,hedidn'tdoanything.Hebarelymovedatall,even

whensomethingwouldobviouslyhurthim,suchassuctioning（抽吸）

Hiswifewasveryshort,about5feettall.Shehadtostandonastooltolean

overhim,sothatshecouldseehisfaceandtalktohim.Sheclimbeduponthestool

Ispoketoherforafewminutes,andthensteppedouttotendtomyotherpatient.

Afewminuteslater,shecamerunningoutoftheroom.Inanexcitedvoice,shesaid,

“Donna,he'smovinghishand!”

Iimmediatelythoughtthatitwasprobablyherimagination,andthathehad

notactuallydoneitonpurpose.Hehadbeenthereaboutamonthatthetimeand

hadnevermadeanymovementsonpurpose.Iaskedherwhathadhappenedandshesaid,

〃1askedhimtosqueezemyhandandhedid!”

Thisledmetoanothertrainofquestioning."But,didheletgowhenyouasked

himto?〃Shesaidyes,thathehaddoneexactlywhatsheasked

Iwentintotheroomwithher,notreallybelievingthatIwouldseeanything

differentthanIhadalwaysseen.ButIdecidedthatitwouldbebettertopacify

（撫慰）herthantomakeherthinkthatIdidn，tbelieveherorthatshewassomehow

mistaken.

Sheaskedhimtosqueezeherhand,whichhedid.

Isaid,，zWell,askhimtoletgo.〃Hecontinuedtosqueezeforamoment,so

thatwhenhefinallydidletgo,Ireallystilldidn，tbelievethathehaddoneit

onpurpose.

So,Isaid,〃Askhimtoholduponefinger./zHedidasasked.

Well,hmm,thiswasstartingtogetmyattention.Ilookedathim,hisface

stillsomewhatswollen（腫脹的）andhiseyesstillclosed."Stickoutyourtongue!

Isaid.Hedidit.Ialmostfellonthefloor.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadeverseen

anyone〃wakeup.〃

36Thefirstparagraphindicatesthatmoreoftenthannotacomapatient

Aisfoundtobefollowingcommands.

Biscalloustonurses，commands.

Cisusedtofollowingcommands.

Disthoughttobefollowingcommands.

37Whatconditionhadthepatientbeeninbeforethatparticularnight?

AHehadtalkedonlywithhiswife.

BHehadmovedonlywhenhurt.

CHehadbarelymovedatall

DHehadbeentoolazytodoanything.

38Howdidtheauthorfeeluponfirsthearingwhattheexcitedwifesaid?

AShewasdoubtful.

BShewasamused.

CShewasscared.

DShewasshocked

39Whatdidthepatientdoonthatparticularnight?

AHesqueezedandletgohiswife'shand.

BHehelduponeofhisfingers.

CHestuckouthistongue.

DAlloftheabove.

40Whydidtheauthoralmostfallonthefloor，;

ABecauseshehadbeenworkingtoohard.

BBecauseshehadbeendeceived.

CBecauseshehadbeentripped

DBecauseshecouldhardlybelievehereyes

第二------篇AW

SlowingAging:WaytoFightDiseasesin21stCentury

AgroupofagingexpertsfromtheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomsuggest

thatthebeststrategyforpreventingandfightingamultitudeofdiseasesisto

focusonslowingthebiologicalprocessesofaging.

“Thetraditionalmedicalapproachofattackingindividualdiseases-cancer,

diabetes,heartdisease,Alzheimer，sdisease（早老性癡呆?。゛ndParkinson'sdisease

（帕金森氏?。?willsoonbecomelesseffectiveifwedonotdeterminehowallofthese

diseaseseitherinteractorsharecommonmechanismswithaging,〃saysS.Jay

Olshansky,professorofepidemiologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicagoSchool

ofPublicHealthandseniorauthorofthecommentary.

Middle-agedandolderpeoplearemostoftenimpactedbysimultaneousbut

independentmedicalconditions.Acureforanyofthemajorfataldiseaseswould

haveonlyamarginalimpactonlifeexpectancy（預期壽命）andthelengthofhealthy

life,Olshanskysaid.

Theauthorssuggestthatanewparadigm（模式）ofhealthpromotionanddisease

preventioncouldproduceunprecedentedsocial,economicandhealthdividendsfor

currentandfuturegenerationsiftheagingpopulationisprovidedwithextended

yearsofhealthylife.

Theynotethatalllivingthings,includinghumans,possessbiochemical

mechanismsthatinfluencehowquicklyweageand,throughdietary（飲食的）

interventionorgeneticalteration,itispossibletoextendlifespantopostpone

aging-relatedprocessesanddiseases.

Furtherresearchinlaboratorymodelsisexpectedtoprovidecluestoanddeeper

understandingofhowexistinginterventions,suchasexerciseandgoodnutrition,

mayleadtolifelongwell-being.

Theauthorsalsoproposegreatlyincreasedfundingforbasicresearchintothe

^fundamentalcellular（細胞的）andphysiologicalchangesthatdriveagingitself.〃

〃Webelievethatthepotentialbenefitsofslowingagingprocesseshavebeen

underrecognizedbymostofthescientificcommunity,saidOlshansky.〃Wecallon

thehealth-researchdecision-makerstoallocatesubstantialresourcestosupport

anddeveloppracticalinterventionsthatslowaginginpeople.”

Anincreaseinage-relateddiseasesandescalatinghealthcarecostsmakethis

thetimefora"systematicattackonagingitself,“theauthorswrite.

Olshanskyandcolleaguescontendthatmodernmedicineisalreadyheavily

investedineffortstoextendlife,andtheyarguethatafreshemphasisonaging

hasthepotentialtoimprovehealthandqualityoflifefarmoreefficientlythan

iscurrentlypossible.

41Theexpertsbelievethetraditionalapproachofattackingindividualdiseases

Aisthebeststrategyforfightingdiseases.

Bfocusesonslowingagingprocesses.

Chasgoneoutofdate.

Dneedstobeimproved.

42Theauthorsholdanewparadigmofhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention

Acouldhavegreatpotential.

Bcouldbetooexpensive.

Ccouldbetoocomplicated.

Dcouldbeopposedbymanypeople.

43ItispossibletoextendlifespanbymeansofallthefollowingEXCEPT

Adietaryintervention.

Bgeneticalteration.

Caging-relatedprocesses.

Dexercise.

44Theauthorsarguethatmoremoneyshouldbespenton

Amaintainingthewell-beingoftheelderly.

Blookingafterthesick.

Cextendingthelifeofthedying.

Ddevelopingaging-slowinginterventions.

45WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthors?

ATherearenowmoreage-relateddiseases.

BHealthcarecostsareontherise.

CAsystematicattackonagingisneeded.

DToolittlehasbeendonetoextendlife.

第5部分：補全短文(第46?50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內容將其

分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

MyLifeatRenda

Ilearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant(TA)attheUniversity

ofIowawouldbedifferentfrombeingateacheratRenminUniversity.

(46)Eyesstaring,mouthsopen,studentsexaminedmybignose,whileIwas

writingmynameontheblackboard.

AtIowa,whenmyfirstclassesbegan,halfofmystudentsstillhadn，tarrived.

Wheneveryonefinallyfoundaseat,ringingcell-phonesandloudyawns(哈欠)

interruptedmyopeningremarks.ItisnotthatAmericanstudentsweredisrespectful.

(47)Theywere,however,farmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.The

truthisIcouldn'tfaultthemfortheirskepticism.Under-graduatesatlargeUS

universities-especiallyfreshmenandsophomores-oftenhaveseveralclassesa

semesterhandledbyTAs.Insomecases,theTAsetsthecoursecontent.(48)

Mosthavegoodintentions,butveryfewareaseffectiveasprofessors.

Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstaclestolearning-nomatterwhattheculture.

Studentswhotalkduringlectures,studentswhocheat,studentswhoquestionthe

gradetheygetforapaperorproject-dealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.

(49)

Thedifference,Ithink,isthatintheUSIhadtoswallowmoreofmypride.

(50)

Ihadaresponsibilitytoteachthem,ofcourse,butIhadtodosoindirectly

-asaguidewhohimselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents.

AInmystudents*minds,Ihadlittletoofferthem,exceptperhapssomesample

questionsforthemid-termexam.

BInothers,theTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader

CIencounteredtheseinChina,andIfacedthemintheUS

DOntheotherhand,beingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarilybad.

EMostwerepolite,oratleast,indifferent

FBackatRenda,Ihadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikeacelebrity

第6部分：完形填空(第51?55題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內容為每處空白確定一個最佳選項。

MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost

Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressioninmiddle

(51),anewinternationalstudysuggests.ThefindingbyBritishandAmerican

researcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2million

peoplein80nations.Withfewexceptions,theobservationappearstoapplyacross

theboard,regardless(52)gender(性別)，culture,geography,wealth,job

history,education,andmarriageorparentalstatus.

“Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealth

followagiant'U'(53)throughlife,/zsaidstudyauthorAndrewJ.Oswald,

aprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshire,England."Forthe

averageperson,it'shighwhenyou're20,andthenitslowly(54)andbottoms

outinyour40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour(55)healthpicksupagain,

andeventuallygetsbacktothehighlevelsofyouryouth.〃

Thefindingwas(56)onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesof

happinessdata,including:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveys(first

launchedinthe1970s),involvingabout500,000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmen

andwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nationWorldValuesSurvey”(57)between

1981and2004inNorthAmerica,EasternandWesternEurope,Asia,Africa,Australia,

andCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey(58)nearly1million

Britons.

Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe