同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別

同位語從句appositiveclausewhether與if的辨用表“是否”時，在下列情況下用whether。a.主語從句放在開頭

b.表語從句

c.同位語從句

D.介詞后的賓語從句

E.后接動詞不定式(whethertodosth.)

F.whetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用if1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句a.當(dāng)whether后緊跟ornot時,不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.

if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherIdoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon’tdoubt

thatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubt

thathediditonhisown?

doubt問題肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用that疑定句中用thatIdoubt_________heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.

if/whether

that

that

if/whetherWethink

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage

possible

.(改用形式賓語

it)2.Wehavemade

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式賓語

it)我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語是必要的.IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.賓語賓補(bǔ)considerfindthinkfeelmake等動詞常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語,這時要用形式賓語it,賓語從句放到賓補(bǔ)之后Wethinkit

possible

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.Wehavemade

it

clear

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.MoreIconsideritnecessary

thatweshouldlearnEnglishwellit不能漏從句后移同位語從句被修飾詞有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea…同位語從句說明它們的內(nèi)容常見引導(dǎo)詞:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑問詞Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.Thequestionhow

Ididitishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawhere

theyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhether

hecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametome

that

hemightbeinthelibrary.事實(shí)勝于雄辨這一道理非常清楚.我怎么做的這一問題難回答.他們根本不知去哪兒找食物他是否來這個問題不重要.我突然想到他可能在圖書館.被別的詞隔開that無詞義1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.一、同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語

e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位語從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreally

encouraging.（定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)e.g.Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical

isworthconsidering.

（同位語從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreally

encouraging.（從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.

（that不充當(dāng)任何成分）

2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）II.Choosethebestanswer1.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatII.Choosethebestanswer4.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.

Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris…...Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent…...HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.

規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether：

（1）位于句子開頭；（2）前面有介詞；

（3）引導(dǎo)表語從句；（4）與ornot連用。找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.