《動物營養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào)》英文論文格式模板

PAGE2PAGE1動物營養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào)》英文論文格式全文加行號和頁碼，兩倍行距，請作者按照本文的格式進(jìn)行修改全文加行號和頁碼，兩倍行距，請作者按照本文的格式進(jìn)行修改EffectsofDietaryEnergyLevelonGrowthPerformanceandCarcassCompositionofWujinPigs除表、圖外，全文用5號字。除特殊要求外，全文用TimesNewRoman體。文中必須全部是英文符號除表、圖外，全文用5號字。除特殊要求外，全文用TimesNewRoman體。文中必須全部是英文符號ZHANGXiZHAOSu-meiGEChang-rongLAIHuaLIChang-qiangGAOShi-zhengDaterecerved:2007-12-22FDaterecerved:2007-12-22Financialsupport:KeyProjectofYunnanNaturalScienceFoundation(2005C0008Z)Authorinformation:ZHANGXi,professor,majorinanimalnutritionandfeedscience.E-mail:zhangxi_km@Correspondingauthor:GAOShi-zheng,professor,majorinanimalnutrition.E-mail:gaoszkm@126.com姓全稱大寫，名字第一個(gè)字母大寫，兩個(gè)字的中間加連字符；作者信息要添加“腳注”(YunnanKeyLaboratoryofAnimalNutritionandFeedScience,YunnanAgriculturalUniversity,Kunming650201,China)按作者出現(xiàn)的先后順序排列單位序號，除符號和郵編外全部斜體按作者出現(xiàn)的先后順序排列單位序號，除符號和郵編外全部斜體Abstract:(ObjectiveAbstract中(Objective),(Method),(Result),(Conclusion)等字樣必須寫，排版前會刪除這些字樣。但作者必須使刪除后全段行文通順，流暢。)TheaimofthepresentstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectsofdietarydigestibleenergylevelsongrowthperformanceandcarcasscompositioninWujinpigs,andtoinvestigatethemostsuitabledietaryenergydensityformaximumgrowthpotentialandbestcarcasscompositionusingthefuzzycomprehensiveevaluationmodel.(Method)Theexperimentalapproachwasbysinglefactorrandomallotment.Ninetypigswererandomlyallottedintofivegroupsof18,andfeddietscontaining14.22,13.60,12.98,12.36and11.74MJ/kgofdigestibleenergy.(Result)Resultsshowedthatthedailygainwasreducedandthefeedgainratioincreasedgraduallywithreductionindietaryenergylevels.Nosignificantdifferenceswerefoundinthegroupsatbodyweightof15～30kg(P>0.05).Atthebodyweightof60and100kg,leanmeatweight,leanmeatratioandloineyeareawereincreased,butfatweight,fatpercentageandbackfatthicknessweredecreasedwithreductionindietaryenergylevels.Fromthefittingcurve,themostsuitabledietaryenergylevelsforbestgrowthperformanceatbodyweightsof15～30kg,30～60kgand60～100kgwere14.01,13.15and12.98MJ/kg,respectively.Usingleanmeatratio,backfatthicknessandloineyeareatorepresentthecarcasscomposition,theoptimaldietaryenergydensitieswere11.13,11.36and11.71MJ/kgat15～30kg,30～60kgand60～100kg,respectively.(Conclusion)用一兩句精煉簡短的話表達(dá)結(jié)論Optimumdietaryenergylevelswere13.55,12.81and13.20Abstract中(Objective),(Method),(Result),(Conclusion)等字樣必須寫，排版前會刪除這些字樣。但作者必須使刪除后全段行文通順，流暢。用一兩句精煉簡短的話表達(dá)結(jié)論Keywords:Digestiveenergy;Growthperformance;Carcasscomposition;Wujinpigs第一個(gè)字母大寫，兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞中間用分號隔開第一個(gè)字母大寫，兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞中間用分號隔開WujinpigsisatypicalChineselocalbreedinYunnanprovinceanditsfeedingisbasedontheavailabilityofnaturalresourcesinthelocalarea.Wujinpigsgrowsslowlyanditsbodyfatishigh,butitsmeatisverygood,especiallyinitscontentofintramuscularfatwhichishigherthanthatinotherbreedsofpigs.Traditionally,itisanidealmaterialforproducingthehighqualityXuanweihaminChina[1-2]按“順序編碼制”用右上角標(biāo)識.EffortshavebeenmadetohybridizethisChineselocalpigsbreedwithforeignbreedstoimprovegrowthperformanceandtoobtainthebestcarcasstraits,buttherehasbeenlimitedresearchinthetraditionalfeedingmodel.Toimprovethefeedingmodel,therefore,itisnecessarytoinvestigatethemostsuitabledietaryenergylevelsforWujinpigs,basedontheChineseFeedingStandardforLocalPigs[3]andNRC(1998)[4].Thisstudyusedfittingcurvesandfuzzycomprehensiveevaluationtoinvestigatedietaryenergylevelsforbestgrowthperformanceandcarcasscomposition.必須按照按“順序編碼制”用右上角標(biāo)識必須按照（研究的重要意義）、（前人研究進(jìn)展）、（研究的切入點(diǎn)）、（研究擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題）順序?qū)懻?，且缺一不可?Materialsandmethods此級標(biāo)題全部大寫，名詞后加S此級標(biāo)題全部大寫，名詞后加S1.1ExperimentaldesignTheexperimentwasdesignedbysinglefactorrandomallotment.NinetyWujinpigswithaninitialliveweightof(15±1.51)kgweredividedinto5dietarytreatmentgroupsbasedondifferentdietaryenergycontentandcrudeproteincontent(18%,16%and14%)atthreegrowingfinishingstages(15～30kg,30～60kg,and60～90kg1.2PigsandHousing兩個(gè)名詞性的獨(dú)立的詞的首字母大寫兩個(gè)名詞性的獨(dú)立的詞的首字母大寫AllexperimentalprocedureswereapprovedbytheYunnanAgriculturalUniversityCommitteeonLaboratoryAnimalCare.GroupsofsixpigswerehousedinonepenwithahalfslattedfloorinaninsulatedbutunheatedshedattheresearchstationofYunnan1.3DietsThefivedietaryenergydensitieswerederivedfromrecommendationsoftheChineseFeedingStandardforLocalBreedPigs[3](groupIII,DE:12.98MJ/kg)andtheUnitedStatesNRC(1998)[4](groupI,DE:14.22MJ/kg).Theothergroupscompletedtheserieswithincrementsof0.62MJ/kg;i.e.,thedietaryenergylevelsofgroupⅠtogroupⅤwere14.22,13.60,12.98,12.36and11.74MJ/kg,respectively.1.4Growthperformance一個(gè)整體性名詞，只第一個(gè)詞的首字母大寫一個(gè)整體性名詞，只第一個(gè)詞的首字母大寫Thefeedintakewasrecordeddaily.Thepigswereweighedmonthly,andatthebeginningandtheendoftheexperiment.Theaveragedailygainandthefeedgainratiowerecalculated.1.5CarcasscompositionSixpigsfromeachgroupwereslaughteredat30,60and100kgbodyweight.Thepigswerefastedfor24hbeforebeingslaughteredandweighed.Differentpartsofthecarcasswereseparatedandmeasuredincludingloineyearea,backfatthickness,leanmeatweight,fatweight,boneweight,skinweightsothattheslaughterpercentage,leanmeatpercentage,fatpercentage,theratioofleanmeattofatwerecalculated[4]1.6Calculationsandstatistics1.6.1SignificantdifferencesandregressionanalyseswereconductedwithSASandEXCELsoftware.1.6.2…………Table1Compositionandnutrientlevelsofdiets(DMbasis,%)請指明日糧的DM請指明日糧的DMItems15～30kg中間用“~中間用“~”，省略前面的單位30～60kg60～100kgⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤIngredients必須有必須有Corn63.1962.4657.3248.3139.4968.6766.8062.5053.7943.2273.7971.8466.4459.0048.40Wheatbran7.0010.0017.9327.9338.357.0012.0019.0029.0042.007.0012.0020.0027.6242.00Soybeanmeal18.6119.1617.3815.9014.2314.4012.9811.369.548.4810.939.567.806.564.59Fishmeal6.005.005.004.804.605.005.005.005.004.003.503.503.503.502.80Soybeanoil2.960.902.901.110.03-0.082.701.010.16--CaHPO10.50-Limestone0.850.901.000.900.940.720.810.810.800.890.750.750.750.960.81Met0.570.50-Lys-0.080.030.670.940.040.020.040.050.060.10NaCl只用NaCl只用NaCl0.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.300.30Premix1)注釋方式，半括號上角標(biāo)注釋方式，半括號上角標(biāo)1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Total必須要有合計(jì)，而且應(yīng)為100.00必須要有合計(jì)，而且應(yīng)為100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00Nutrientlevels營養(yǎng)水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫法2)營養(yǎng)水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫法DM88.3988.9788.8688.3188.1388.4788.9488.8988.4788.8588.4388.8888.6288.7688.77DE(MJ/kg)3)14.2213.6012.9812.3611.7414.2213.6012.9812.3611.7414.2213.6012.9812.3611.74CP18.6918.7418.7318.7718.7916.4816.4416.4216.4416.5214.2814.2514.2514.2714.32NDF9.2210.3212.6915.5518.569.2810.8612.9715.8219.709.3810.9613.3315.4619.77ADF3.543.944.745.736.773.463.984.705.677.033.413.934.745.476.96Ca0.580.550.550.540.540.450.470.460.450.440.370.360.350.360.37TP0.980.970.960.960.980.770.790.790.780.770.690.680.690.680.69AP0.270.280.290.270.230.13Lys0.660.640.640.650.650.550.560.540.550.550.460.440.460.450.461)Premixprovidedthefollowingperkilogramofdiet:VA8267IU;VD22480IU;VE66IU;menadionine(asmenadioninepyrimidinolbisulfitecomplex)6.2mg;VB1(thiamine)3.31mg;VB2(riboflavin)10mg;VB6(pyridoxine)3.31mg;VB1245μg;D-calciumpantothenicacid37mg;niacin66mg;D-biotin331μg;folicacid2.5mg;VC83μg.Zn127mg;Fe127mg;Mn20mg;Cu12.7mg;I0.80mg;兩個(gè)元素中間用分號，數(shù)字和單位之間空一格Se0.3mg.兩個(gè)元素中間用分號，數(shù)字和單位之間空一格2)Calculatedvalues.3)ThevaluesofdigestiveenergywereobtainedandcalculatedfromthedigestiveenergyvaluesofeachfeedingredientinTheDatabaseofChineseFeeds(2007).2ResultS圖表要按照文中出現(xiàn)順序排列，表1、2，圖1、2先有文字提到，再出現(xiàn)表或圖圖表要按照文中出現(xiàn)順序排列，表1、2，圖1、2先有文字提到，再出現(xiàn)表或圖2.1GrowthperformanceTheeffectsofdietarycompositionandDElevelsongrowthperformanceofWujinpigsfedfrom15to100kgbodyweightswereshowninTable2.Increasingdietarycompositionandenergylevelssignificantlyreducedfeedintakeduringdifferentgrowthstages(P<0.01).Therewerenosignificanteffectsofdietarycompositionandenergylevelsondailygainat15～30kg(P>0.05).However,therewassignificantdifferenceinthedailygainamongthedifferentgroupsatbodyweights30～60kgand60～100kg(P<0.01orP<0.05).Thefeedgainratioweresignificantlyincreasedwithdietaryenergyreductionsduringthewholegrowth-finishingstages(P<0.01orP<0.05).Withdecreasingenergylevels,groupsItogroupVreached100kgbodyweightin158,163,168,176and185daysTable2GrowthperformanceofWujinpigsatvariousdietarydigestiveenergylevelsGrowthstage第一行第一列首字母大寫第一行第一列首字母大寫GroupsInitialweight(kg)Finalweight(kg)Dailyfeedintake(kg/d)Raisingdays(d)Dailygain(g/d)F/G15～30kgⅠ15.32±1.2030.23±1.141.02±0.05A肩標(biāo)必須在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差或者標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤右上角肩標(biāo)必須在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差或者標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤右上角34438.73±26.922.33±0.16AaⅡ15.20±0.6830.17±1.111.03±0.0435427.62±23.682.42±0.13ABaⅢ15.22±0.7730.32±1.241.04±0.0136419.44±28.112.49±0.17ABCabⅣ15.08±0.6030.23±1.211.09±0.02B37409.46±22.142.66±0.15BCbcⅤ15.17±0.5930.12±1.111.11±0.02B37404.05±31.882.77±0.24Cc30～60kgⅠ29.33±1.0860.42±1.321.69±0.0250621.67±27.782.72±0.12AaⅡ29.77±0.9760.52±1.991.72±0.0252591.35±40.63AB2.92±0.22ABabⅢ30.00±0.7160.22±1.261.75±0.06AB52581.09±34.43AB3.02±0.17ABbcⅣ29.37±2.2660.50±1.611.80±0.06BC56555.95±45.71BC3.26±0.32BCcⅤ29.60±1.5360.05±0.931.86±0.0659516.10±25.473.62±0.21Cd60～100kgⅠ57.97±1.20101.48±1.592.08±0.02Aa74584.23±19.68Aa3.56±0.09AaⅡ59.33±1.29103.76±2.592.14±0.02Bb76573.68±50.91Aa3.57±0.32AabⅢ58.70±1.87102.92±2.242.16±0.05Bbc80543.75±8.97ABa3.97±0.07AbⅣ59.83±2.51100.96±2.172.20±0.05Bc83493.15±57.27Bb4.51±0.51BcⅤ58.33±1.78102.68±1.062.26±0.04Cd89493.63±33.42Bb4.60±0.35Bc15～100kgⅠ15.00±1.02101.48±1.591.73±0.03Aa158545.57±9.103.16±0.08AaⅡ15.08±1.24103.76±2.591.77±0.02Bb163538.96±9.563.28±0.05AbⅢ15.10±1.24102.92±2.241.79±0.01Bc168518.45±8.32B3.46±0.05BcⅣ14.90±1.51100.96±2.171.84±0.02Cd176487.31±5.753.77±0.09CdⅤ15.85±1.51102.68±1.061.90±0.01De185467.12±9.71D4.08±0.10DeDifferentcapitalsuperscriptsinthesamelineofthesamestagemeansignificantdifference(P<0.01),differentsuperscriptsinthesamelineofthesamestagemeansignificantdifference(P<0.05).Thesameasbelow.表格標(biāo)注如果一致就使用此句話，后面的表格不必再標(biāo)注表格標(biāo)注如果一致就使用此句話，后面的表格不必再標(biāo)注2.2CarcasscompositionTheeffectsofdietaryenergylevelsoncarcasscompositionat30,60and100kgbodyweightswereshowninTables3,4and5……2.3OptimaldietaryenergylevelsforbestgrowthperformanceThefittingcurvesofdailygainandenergylevelwerecalculated(Fig.1).……Fig.Fig.1Fittingcurvesofdailybodygainwithenergylevelsatdifferentgrowthstages2.4Optimaldietaryenergylevelsforthebestcarcasscomposition2.4.1OptimaldietaryenergylevelThefittingcurvesofleanmeatpercentageandenergylevelwerecalculatedat30,60and100kgaccordingtotheequation:y=a+bx+cx2+dx3方程中的變量斜體(Fig.2).Optimaldietaryenergylevelstoreachthemaximumleanmeatpercentagewere11.13,11.91and11.71MJ/kg,respectively.方程中的變量斜體……2.5TheoptimaldietaryenergylevelforthebestgrowthperformanceandcarcasscompositionThefittingcurveswereattainedusingdailygainandleanmeatpercentage,backfatthicknessandloineyearea(Fig.5,Fig.6andFig.7),andfuzzycomprehensiveevaluationvalueswerecalculated(Table7).……3Discussions討論內(nèi)容如果較多，建議同結(jié)果格式一致，進(jìn)行分點(diǎn)討論，列出3.1、3.2……，如果內(nèi)容較少，也可以如下進(jìn)行討論內(nèi)容如果較多，建議同結(jié)果格式一致，進(jìn)行分點(diǎn)討論，列出3.1、3.2……，如果內(nèi)容較少，也可以如下進(jìn)行TheaimoftheNRC(1998)recommendednutritionalrequirement,basedoncornandsoybeanmeal,istoobtainthebestgrowthperformanceofAmericanswine.Itdoesnot,however,providethebestnutritionalrequirementsfordifferentcountriesandregions[8-9].Chineselocalbreedsofswinehavesomedisadvantages,suchasslowergrowthrateandhigherfatdepositioncomparedwithforeignbreeds[10-13]andthenutritionalrecommendationsofNRC(1998)arenotfittedtoChineselocalswine.Therefore,Chinesefeedingstandardsoffattypigsduringthegrowth-finishingstagesarebeingdevelopedaccordingtothecharacteristicsandnutritionalrequirementoflocalbreeds.Wujinpigs,asoneoftheChineselocalbreedsofswine,hasexcellentmeatquality,butthereislittleinformationabouttheeffectsofdietaryenergyonitsgrowthperformanceandcarcasscomposition.Energyisnecessaryforfatandproteindeposition.Suboptimalenergylevelsreducegrowthperformanceandcarcassproteindeposition.PreviousstudiesshowedthattherewasalinearrelationshipbetweendailygainanddietaryenergylevelsforLandrace,DurocandPietrainpigs[16-18].Ourresultsshowedthatreducingdietaryenergylevelsreducedtheaveragedailygain(ADG)althoughfeedefficiencyincreased.Daystakenforpigstoreach100kgbodyweightwere158,163,168,176and185withreductionsindietaryenergylevels(14.22,13.60,12.98,12.36and11.74MJ/kg,respectively).Moreover,ourresultsshowedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesinADGandfeedefficiencybetweentheNRC(1998)recommendationsandtheChinesefeedingstandard.Thisresultindicatedthatdietarycompositionandenergylevelssignificantlyaffectedgrowthperformance.Thefittingcurvesofdailygainanddietaryenergylevelshowedthattherelationshipbetweendailygainandenergylevelwaslinearandthattheoptimaldietaryenergyleveltoattainthemaximumpotentialgrowthwas14.01,13.15and12.98MJ/kgatbodyweights15～30kg,30～60kgand60～100kg,respectively.ThesedataindicatedthattheoptimaldietaryenergylevelofWujinpigswashigherthanthatoftheChinesestandardoflocalbreedsat15～60kgbodyweight,andnearlyequaledtheChinesestandardat60～I(xiàn)ncreasingdietaryenergylevelscanenhancecarcassfatdepositionandbackfatthicknessandreduceloineyeareaandleanmeatpercentage[19-26].Ourresultsshowedthatdietaryenergylevelscouldsignificantlyaffectcarcasscomposition.However,variousenergylevelscouldaffectcarcasscompositiondifferentlyduringdifferentgrowthstages.At30kgbodyweight,dietaryenergylevelssignificantlyaffectedleanmeatpercentage,fatweightandloineyearea.At60and100kgbodyweight,leanmeatweight,leanmeatpercentageandloineyeareaincreasedandfatweight,fatpercentageandbackfatthicknessdecreasedwithreductionindietaryenergylevel.Thefittingcurvesshowedthatleanmeatpercentageandloineyeareadecreasedlinearlywithincreasingdietaryenergylevelduringdifferentstages.Backfatthicknessincreasedlinearlywithincreasingdietaryenergylevelsat60and100kgbodyweight.Dietaryenergyleveldidnotsignificantlyaffectbackfatthicknessat30kgbodyweight,possiblyduetoalimitedcapacitytodepositfatatthatbodyweight.Consideringtheeffectofdietaryenergylevelonleanmeatpercentage,backfatthicknessandloineyearea,theoptimaldietaryenergylevelsattainedbythefuzzycomprehensiveevaluationmodelwere11.13,11.36and11.71MJ/kgat15～30kg,30～60kgand60～100kgbodyweight,respectively,andwerelowercomparedwiththeChinesefeedingstandardoflocalbreeds.ThissuggestedthattheoptimaldietaryenergylevelBecauseoftheslowergrowth,higherfatdepositionandpoorercarcasscomposition,itisnecessarytoconsiderfullythegrowthperformanceandcarcasscompositioninordertoreachthegreatestpotentialofWujinpigsduringfeeding.Thepresentstudyshowedbyfuzzycomprehensiveevaluationofdailygainandcarcasscompositionthattheoptimaldietaryenergylevelwas13.55,12.81and13.20MJ/kgat15～30kg,30～60kg,60～100kgbodyweights,respectively,whichwashigherat15～30kgand60～100kgbodyweightsandlowerat30～4Conclusions結(jié)論分條簡單概述結(jié)論分條簡單概述①統(tǒng)一使用此序號表示方法Dietaryenergylevelhadsignificanteffectsongrowthperformance.Theoptimaldietaryenergylevelstoattainthebestgrowthpotentialwere14.01,13.15,and12.98MJ/kgat15～30kg,30～60kgand60～100kgbodyweights統(tǒng)一使用此序號表示方法②Dietaryenergylevelcouldsignificantlyaffectcarcasscomposition.Theoptimaldietaryenergylevelstoreachthebestcarcasscompositionwere11.13,11.36and11.71MJ/kgatthethreebodyweights,respectively.③Consideringgrowthperformanceandcarcasscomposition,theoptimaldietaryenergylevelstoattainthebestgrowthperformanceandcarcasscompositionwere13.55,12.81and13.20MJ/kgduringthe15～30kg,30～60kgand60～REFERENCE：WangZQ姓名要遵守“姓全稱在前，名縮寫在后”的原則，作者數(shù)超過3個(gè)時(shí)，只列出前3個(gè)，后加etcl,RongYX.StudyonDaheblackpigand(DaHe)Wujinpig.YunnanAgriculturalScienceandTechnology,2004,Suppl:4姓名要遵守“姓全稱在前，名縮寫在后”的原則，作者數(shù)超過3個(gè)時(shí)，只列出前3個(gè)，后加etclYangCK.Yunnanlocalpigcommercialextention,Pi