2023年江蘇高考英語專題三閱讀理解：第三步真題演練(四)

題型突破(四)推理判斷之細節(jié)推斷題A(2023·儀征中學期初考試)Aworld-famousCanadianauthor，MargaretAtwood，hascreatedtheworld’sfirstlong-distancesigningdevice(裝置)，theLongPen.Aftermanytiringbook-signingtoursfromcitytocity，Atwoodthoughttheremustbeabetterwaytodothem.Shehiredsometechnicalexpertsandstartedherowncompanyin2004.TogethertheydesignedtheLongPen.Here’showitworks：Theauthorwritesapersonalmessageandsignatureonacomputertablet(手寫板)usingaspecialpen.Onthereceivingend，inanothercity，aroboticarmfittedwitharegularpensignsthebook.Theauthorandfancantalkwitheachotherviawebcams(網(wǎng)絡攝像機)andcomputerscreens.WorkontheLongPenbeganinAtwood’sbasement.Atfirst，theyhadnoideaitwouldbeashardasitturnedouttobe.Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.Theinvestingfinallycompleted，testrunsweremadeinOttawa，andtheLongPenwasofficiallylaunchedatthe2006LondonBookFair.Fromhere，AtwoodconductedtwotransatlanticbooksigningsofherlatestbookforfansinTorontoandNewYorkCity.TheLongPenproducesauniquesignatureeachtimebecauseitcopiesthemovementoftheauthorinrealtime.Ithasseveralotherpotentialapplications.Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityandallowpeopletosigncontractsfromanotherprovince.ThevideoexchangebetweensignerandreceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocumentsareused.“It’sreallyfun，”saidtheownerofabookstore，whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan’tshakehandswiththeauthor，buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbooksigning.”Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinkshe’stryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid，“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn’taffordit.”語篇解讀本文介紹了一種特殊的、可以讓作者在很遠的城市為讀者遠程簽字的簽字筆theLongPen，并介紹了這種發(fā)明的起因以及發(fā)明過程。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheinventionoftheLongPen?A．Ithasbeencompletedbutnotputintouse.B．Thebasementcaughtfirebyaccident.C．Someversionsfailedbeforeitstestrun.D．Thedesignerswerewell-preparedforthedifficulty.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.”可知，這個裝置經(jīng)歷了很多次失敗，最后才發(fā)明成功。故選C。2．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?A．Bookstoreownersdon’tsupporttheLongPen.B．CriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuse.C．Atwooddoesn’tmeantoendbooktours.D．PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Butshesaid，‘Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn’taffordit.’”可知，她發(fā)明這種簽字筆可以給以前從來沒有去過的地方的讀者簽字，而不是想結束booktours。故選C。B(2023·無錫期中調(diào)研)Oneofmyfavoriteprofessorsincollegewasaself-confessed(公開承認的)liar.Iguessthatstatementneedsabitofexplanation.ThetopicofCorporateFinance/CapitalMarketsisaverydryandboringsubjectmatter.DrKwasmemorablebecauseofsomethingheintroducedatthebeginningofhisfirstclass，“Betweentodayandtheclassrightbeforefinals，Iwillputalieintoeachofmylectures.Yourjob，asstudents，amongotherthings，istotryandcatchtheLieoftheDay.”Andthenbeganour10-weekcourse.Thiswasabrilliantwaytofocusourattention—byaskingstudentstochallengehisstatements.Earlyinthequarter，theLieoftheDaywasusuallyobvious—immediatelycausingraisedhandstochallengeit.Asthequarterwenton，theLieoftheDaybecamemoresubtle(不易察覺的)，andmanyendedupslippingpastmoststudentsunnoticeduntilaveryalertpersonstoppedthelecturetoflagit.Everyonceinawhile，alecturewouldendwithnobodycatchingthelie.Onthosedays，DrK，lookingquitepleasedwithhimself，wouldsay，“Ahha！Eachofyouhasonefalsehoodinyourlecturenotes.Discussamongyourselveswhatitmightbe，andIwilltellyounextMonday.”Thoselecturesforcedustoworkinstudygroupssowecouldapproachhimwithourtheoriesthefollowingweek.Brilliant...butwhatmadeDrK’stechniquegeniuswas，duringthemosttechnicallydifficultlectureoftheentirequarter，therewasnolie.Attheendofthelectureinwhichnoliewasfound，heofferedthesamechallengetoworkthroughthenotes.OnthefollowingMonday，heheardourtheoriesforwhatthefalsehoodmightbeforalmosttenminutesbeforehefinallysaid，“Doyourememberthefirstlecture—howIsaidthateverylecturehasalie？”Tiredfromhavingourbesttheoriesshotdown，wenodded.“Well，THATwasalie.Mypreviouslecturewascompletelyonthelevel.ButIamgladyoureviewedyournotescarefullythisweekend.Movingon...”WhilemyknowledgeoftheEconomicsofCapitalMarketshasfadedintime，thelessonshavestayedwithme：“Experts”canbewrongandsaythingsthatsoundright，soalwaysevaluatenewinformationandcheckitagainstthingsyoualreadyacceptasfact.語篇解讀作者上大學時最喜歡的一位教授通過所謂的“當日假話”來使學生在枯燥乏味的學科上集中注意力，激發(fā)他們的學習興趣。雖然作者當時所學的知識已經(jīng)所剩無幾，但這位教授留下的寶貴財富仍讓作者受用無窮。3．TheLieoftheDayisintroducedtoDrK’sclassbecause.A．heisgoodattellingalieB．hewantshisstudentstochallengehisauthorityC．hewantstofindoutwhoisabsent-mindedD．hetriestoarousehisstudents’interestinhisboringlecture答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容和第五段第一句可知，K博士將“當日假話”引入課堂的原因是為了讓學生們在課堂上集中注意力，并且激發(fā)他們對枯燥乏味的課程的學習興趣。故選D。4．Whatdoweknowaboutthemosttechnicallydifficultlectureoftheentirequarter?A．Itmadeallthestudentsfeelboredbutexcited.B．ItturnedoutthatDrKtoldnolieinthelecture.C．Thelieinitslippedpastwithnobodyfindingit.D．StudentsreasonedwithDrKabouthistheoriesafterclass.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第九段第一句可知，結果證明，K博士在整個學季最難的那堂課上沒有說假話。故選B。5．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat.A．weshouldbecriticaltotheinformationprovidedforusB．itisamustthatweavoidliesinourdailylifeC．studentscandropsomecoursesbecausetheyareboringD．wecanusecreativetechniquestomakecourseslivelyandinteresting答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，“專家”說的未必正確，所以我們要養(yǎng)成審視新信息的習慣，并且批判地對待提供給我們的信息。故選A。C(2023·姜堰、如東、沭陽、前黃中學二模)AchancemeetingbetweentwomenwhorealizedtheyhadbothbeenabusedinthesameSurreychildren’scarehomehasledtoacampaignthathasseenhundredsofformerresidentsclaimingtheywerealsovictimsofphysical，emotionalandsexualabuse.MusicproducerRaymondStevenson，physicallyabusedduringhistimeattheShirleyOakshomeinthe70s，metachildhoodfriendlastyearwhorevealedhe’dbeenabusedintheinstitution.Withinafewmonths，theShirleyOaksSurvivorsAssociation(SOSA)washundredsstrong.ThesouthLondonproductionoffice，fromwhereStevensonpromotedmusicstarslikeJessieJ，nowlooksmorelikeapoliceincidentroom.Amaponthewallincludesdetailsofstatementsfromhundredsofformerresidents，suggestingphysicalandemotionalabusewasroutineatmanyofthehousesonthe72-acreShirleyOakssite.“Wehavebeenincontactwithover300peopleandthestorieswearegettingarejustterrible，”Stevensonsays.“Everytimeweinterviewsomeoneandhearaboutwhathappenedtothem，itbringstearstooureyes.Relivingsomeofthehorrorstheywentthroughhasn’tbeeneasy.”Therehavebeentwomajorpoliceinvestigationsintoabuseatchildren’shomesinSouthLondonandthreepeopleincludingaswimminginstructor，WilliamHook，havebeencondemnedforoffencesrelatingtoShirleyOaks.Anotheroperationiscurrentlyon-going，butSOSAhavelostfaithintheauthoritieswhotheyclaimhavecoveredupthewholepictureofabuseinShirleyOaks.“Wedon’ttrustthemandthat’swhywehavedecidedtodothiscampaignourselves，”Stevensonexplains.TheShirleyOakscampaignersarepartofawiderphenomenon—“survivor”activismthatischangingthebalanceofpowerinrelationtochildabuse.Whereoncevictimswereignoredorsilenced，nowtheyarecomingtogether，oftenthroughthesocialmedia，formingsupportgroupsandbuildinganincreaseofnoisethattheauthoritiesareforcedtoacknowledge.Acoupleofweeksago，dozensofformerShirleyOaksresidentscrowdedintoaLambethcouncilmeeting—theauthoritywhichranthehomeuntilitsclosureinthemid-1980s.Councilloraftercouncillorspokeoftheirshameatwhathadbeenallowedtohappentochildrenintheircare.Amongthecrowdwastheaward-winningauthorAlexWheatlewhohaswrittenabouttheabusehesufferedasachildatShirleyOaks.“Wehavenotcomehere，togotowarwiththecouncil；wehavecomeheretogainyoursupport，”Wheatletoldthemeeting.TheShirleyOaksassociationisdoingmorethancompilingevidence.Itisusingmusictopressitscase.Asongentitled“Don’tTouchIt—It’sMine”includespersonaltestimony(證詞)fromvictims.“Iwasabusedmentally，physically，emotionallyandviolently，”thetrackbegins.“Oftheoriginal16ofus,12havekilledthemselves...”“We’renotgoingtobetoldliesanymore，”Stevensonexplains.“Wearenotgoingtoleaveitinthehandsoflawyers，politiciansorcouncilofficialstotelluswhathappenedtous.Wewanttodiscoveritourselvesandweknowmusicanddanceandpoetryarewaysthatcantellagreaterstory.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了由受害人成立的“SOSA協(xié)會”揭露了在過去的幾十年里，英國福利院ShirleyOaks中曾有上百名兒童遭到虐待這一駭人聽聞的事件。6．WhywasSOSAsetup?A．Toshowsympathyfortheabusedchildreninsociety.B．Torevealtheabuseatachildren’scarehome.C．Tofindthelivingvictimsfromacarehome.D．Toaidthosepeopleabusedatayoungage.答案B解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，上百名曾經(jīng)在福利院里待過的人都聲稱他們是受害者，并成立了ShirleyOaks幸存者協(xié)會(SOSA)。該協(xié)會成員通過采訪受害者，以創(chuàng)作音樂的形式來揭示真相。由此推斷，SOSA的成立是為了揭露福利院虐待兒童的事。故選B項。7．Thecrimeagainstchildrenwasnotknowntothepublicintime，because.A．thepolicerefusedtolookintoitB．thecasewasignoredforabsenceofevidenceC．thesituationofabusewasnotseriousD．thevictimswereforcedtokeepitsecret答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段第二句中的“Whereoncevictimswereignoredorsilenced”可知，這一罪行未被公布于眾的原因是受害者被忽視或受到壓制。故選D項。8．Fromthepassage，wecantell.A．theformerlocalauthoritiesmusthaveneglectedtheirdutyB．twelveofthesixteenchildrenwerekilledinShirleyOaksC．a(chǎn)llthepeoplecommittingoffencesinShirleyOakshavebeenarrestedD．theformervictimsdependmuchonthepoliceforinvestigation答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段第二句“Councilloraftercouncillorspokeoftheirshameatwhathadbeenallowedtohappentochildrenintheircare.”可以推斷，當年的管理機構并沒有很好地履行他們的職責。故選A項。9．CampaignersofSOSAhavetakentheactionof.A．collectingevidenceforthepoliceB．creatingmusicforthecampaignC．goingtowarwiththegovernmentD．turningtolawyersforassistance答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句“Itisusingmusictopressitscase.Asongentitled‘Don’tTouchIt—It’sMine’includespersonaltestimony(證詞)fromvictims.”和最后一段最后一句“Wewanttodiscoveritourselvesandweknowmusicanddanceandpoetryarewaysthatcantellagreaterstory.”可知，SOSA的成員采取創(chuàng)作音樂的形式來揭示真相、表達自己。故選B項。D(2023·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模)Areyouadifferentpersonwhenyouspeakaforeignlanguage？That’sjustoneofthequestionstheNewYorker’swriterandnativeNorthCarolinianLaurenCollinsexploresinherautobiography，abouthertougheffortstomasterFrenchaftermarryingaFrenchmanwhosename—Olivier—shecouldn’tevenpronounceproperly.WheninFrenchrangesfromthehumorouslypersonalstorytoadeeperlookatvarioustheoriesoflanguageacquisitionandlinguistics(語言學)．ThecouplemetinLondon“onmoreorlessneutralground：hiscontinent，mylanguage”．ButthebalanceshiftedwhentheymovedtoGenevaforOlivier’swork.ThenormallyvolubleCollinsfoundherselfataloss—“nearlyspeechless”．Thelanguagebarrier，andherdependenceonherhusbandforsimplethingslikebuyingtherightcutofmeatworsenedhermixedfeelingsabout“unlovely，butnotridiculous”Geneva.Shecomments，“Language，asmuchasland，isaplace.Tobecutofffromitistobe，inasense，homeless.”Hersenseofalienation(疏離感)leadstoanexaminationofAmerica’smiserablerecordwhenitcomestoforeignlanguages.“LinguistscallAmerica‘thegraveyardoflanguages’becauseofitssingularabilitytotakeinmillionsofimmigrantsandmaketheirnativelanguagesdieoutinafewgenerations，”Collinswrites.EducatedinWilmington，N.C.，andatPrinceton，shecould—likethevastmajorityofAmericans—onlyspeaktheirmothertongue.EightmonthsaftershemovedtoSwitzerland，CollinsgivesuponthenaturalacquisitionoflanguageandfinallyattendsaFrenchcourse.Asshestruggleswithgrammarandvocabulary，Collinsnotessmartlythatvert(green)，verre(glass)，ver(worm)，vers(toward)，andvair(squirrel)composeaquintuplehomonym(同形異義)．“Althoughit’sdifficult，F(xiàn)renchcanbetried，”shesays.FrenchisactuallyconsideredamongtheeasiestlanguagesforanEnglishspeakertolearn，especiallycomparedtoArabicorMandarinChinese.Collins，whosenotablyrichEnglishvocabularyincludesglossolalia(nonsensespeech)andshibboleth(catchwordorslogan)，findsplentyofterrificFrenchwordstolove.Shewrites，“Englishisatrustfund，anunearnedinheritance(遺產(chǎn))，butI’veworkedforeverybitofFrenchI’vebanked.”UnlikeJhumpaLahiri，whobecamesohookedonItalianandusedittowriteInOtherWords，Collins’sgoalsforlearningFrenchweremoremodest，“IwantedtospeakFrenchandtosoundlikeNorthCarolina.”Shealsowantedtobeabletodealwithchimneysweepsandbutchers，communicatewithherin-laws，and“totouchOlivierinhisownlanguage”．SheadmitsthatshefeelsdifferentspeakingFrench，“Itsausterity(樸素)mademefeelmoreconfused.”Readerslookingfortheromanticsparkofclassiccross-culturallovestoriesfeaturinganoutgoingAmericanandashyFrenchmanwillfindflashesofithere.AmongthemanyculturaldifferencesthecoupleargueoverareherenthusiasticAmericanhabitofapplyingtheverb“l(fā)ove”toexpressenthusiasmforshoes，strawberries，andhusbandsalike.Butthere’sfarmoretoCollins’sbookthanfantasticcomedy，andthosewhohaveweatheredlinguisticcrossingsthemselvestendtofindparticularresonance(共鳴)initsinquiryintolanguage，identity，andtransculturaltranslation.Arrangedbychaptersnamedforverbtenses，WheninFrenchworksitswayfromThePastPerfect(Leplus-que-parfait)toThePresent(LePrésent)andTheConditional(LeConditionnel)．CollinsendsonadelightfulnotewithLeFutur—fittingforanewmotherabouttomovewithherhard-wonFrenchhusband，F(xiàn)renchlanguage，andSwiss-borndaughtertotheFrench-speakingcityofherdreams，Paris.語篇解讀本文是說明文，主要介紹了LaurenCollins的自傳WheninFrench的相關內(nèi)容。10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutWheninFrench?A．ItdescribeshowmostAmericanpeoplelearnFrench.B．ItintroducesavarietyoftheoriesaboutFrenchlearning.C．Theauthortellsherexperiencesinaseriousway.D．Thebookoffersatraditionalwayoflearningaforeignlanguage.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話中的“...adeeperlookatvarioustheoriesoflanguageacquisitionandlinguistics(語言學)．”可知，WheninFrench探討了語言習得的不同理論和語言學。11．Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“voluble”inParagraph2?A．Graceful.B．Dependent.C．Talkative.D．Energetic.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“normally”和“nearlyspeechless”可知，通常情況下，LaurenCollins是很健談的，但是在新的環(huán)境中她因為語言不通而感到不知所措，幾乎說不出話。由此可知，voluble表示的應是與speechless相反的意思。12．WhydolinguistscallAmerica“thegraveyardoflanguages”？A．BecauseotherlanguagesareprohibitedinAmerica.B．BecauseonlyEnglish-speakingpeoplecanimmigrateintoAmerica.C．Becauseimmigrants’nativelanguagescontradictEnglishinAmerica.D．BecauseAmericancultureswallowsupimmigrants’nativelanguagesgradually.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“itssingularabilitytotakeinmillionsofimmigrantsandmaketheirnativelanguagesdieoutinafewgenerations”可知，語言學家之所以將美國稱作“語言的墓地”是因為美國文化會逐漸地吞噬移民的母語。13．Whatcanbeinfe