2016年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題第2套

2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題（第2套）PartIDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorlivinginthevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeopleandmoretimeinthevirtualworldinsteadofinteractingintherealworequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200wordsSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Ateachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustanswer.fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarktheletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejusthear1.A)TheprojectthemanmanagedatCucinTech.B)TheupdatingoftechnologyatCucinTech.C)Theman'sswitchtoanewcareer.D)Therestructuringofhercompany.2.A)Talentedpersonnel.B)Strategicinnovation.C)Competitiveproducts.D)Effectivepromotion.3.A)Expandthemarket.B)Recruitmoretalents.

C)Innovateconstantly.D)Watchoutforhiscompetitors.4.A)Possiblebankruptcy.B)Unforeseendifficulties.C)Conflictswithinthecompany.D)Imitationbyone’scompetitors.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Thejobofaninterpreter.B)Thestressfeltbyprofessionals.C)Theimportanceoflanguageproficiency.D)Thebestwaytoeffectivecommunication.6.A)Promising.B)Admirable.C)Rewarding.D)Meaningful.7.A)Theyallhaveastronginterestinlanguage.B)Theyallhaveprofessionalqualifications.C)Theyhaveallpassedlanguageproficiencytests.D)Theyhaveallstudiedcross-culturaldifferences.8.A)Itrequiresamuchlargervocabulary.B)Itattachesmoreimportancetoaccuracy.C)Itismorestressfulthansimultaneousinterpreting.D)Itputsone’s-terlongmmemoryundermorestress.

SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofyouwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionsonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itmightaffectmothers’health.B)Itmightdisturbinfants’sleep.C)Itmightincreasetheriskofinfants,death.D)Itmightincreasemothers’mentaldistress.10.A)Motherswhobreast-feedtheirbabieshaveahardertimefallingB)MotherswhosleepwiththeirbabiesneedalittlemoresleepeachC)Sleepingpatternsofmothersgreatlyaffecttheirnewbornbabies’heaD)Sleepingwithinfantsinthesameroomhasanegativeimpacton11.A)Changetheirsleeptpatternsoadapttotheirnewbornbabies’.B)Sleepinthesameroombutnotinthesamebedastheirbabie

C)SleepinthesamehousebutnotinthesameroomastheirbabD)TakeprecautionstoreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndromPassageTwoQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)AlotofnativelanguageshavealreadydiedoutintheUS.B)TheUSranksfirstinthenumberofendangeredlanguages.C)TheeffortstopreserveIndianlanguageshaveprovedfruitless.D)MoremoneyisneededtorecordthenativelanguagesintheUS.13.A)Tosetupmorelanguageschools.B)Todocumentendangeredlanguages.C)ToeducatenativeAmericanchildren.D)TorevitaliseAmerica’snativelanguages.14.A)TheUSmmgoveent’spolicyofAmericanisingIndianchildren.B)ThefailureofAmericanIndianlanguagestogainanofficialstatus.C)TheUSgovernment’sunwillingnesstospendmoneyeducatingIndiansD)Thelong-timeisolationofAmericanIndiansfromtheoutsideworld.15.A)Itisbeingutilisedtoteachnativelanguages.B)Ittellstraditionalstoriesduringfamilytime.C)Itspeedsuptheextinctionofnativelanguages.D)Itiswidelyusedinlanguageimmersionschools.

SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesofollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyohearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesandD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasthroughthecentre.RecordingOneQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)ItpaysthemuptohalfoftheirpreviouswageswhiletheyB)Itcoverstheirmortgagepaymentsandmedicalexpensesfor99weC)Itpaystheirlivingexpensesuntiltheyfindemploymentagain.D)Itprovidesthemwiththebasicnecessitiesofeverydaylife.17.A)Creatingjobsforthehugearmyofunemployedworkers.B)Providingtrainingandguidanceforunemployedworkers.C)Convincinglocallawmakerstoextendunemploymentbenefits.D)Raisingfundstohelpthosehavingnounemploymentinsurance.18.A)Toofferthemloanstheyneedtostarttheirownbusinesses.B)Toallowthemtopostponetheirmonthlymortgagepayments.C)TocreatemorejobsbyencouragingprivateinvestmentsinlocalcoD)ToencouragebigbusinessestohirebackworkerswithgovernmentRecordingTwo

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theymeasuredthedepthsofseawater.B)Theyanalyzedthewatercontent.C)Theyexploredtheoceanfloor.D)Theyinvestigatedtheice.20.A)Eightypercentoftheicedisappearsinsummertime.B)Mostoftheicewasaccumulatedoverthepastcenturies.C)Theiceensuresthesurvivalofmanyendangeredspecies.D)Theicedecreaseismoreevidentthanpreviouslythought.21.A)Arcticiceisamajorsourceoftheworld’sfreshwater.B)ThemeltingArcticicehasdrownedmanycoastalcities.C)ThedeclineofArcticiceisirreversible.D)Arcticiceisessentialtohumansurvival.22.A)Itwilldoalotofharmtomankind.B)Thereisnoeasywaytounderstandit.C)Itwilladvancenucleartechnology.D)Thereisnoeasytechnologicalsolutiontoit.RecordingThreeQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)ThereasonwhyNewZealandchildrenseemtohavebetterseB)Therelationbetweenchildren’s-contrselfolandtheirfuturesuccess.C)Thehealthproblemsofchildrenraisedbyasingleparent.D)Thedecidingfactorinchildren’sacademicperformance.24.A)ChildrenraisedbysingleparentswillhaveahardtimeinthB)ThosewithacriminalrecordmostlycomefromsingleparentfamilC)Parentsmustlearntoexerciseself-controlinfrontoftheirchildrenD)Lackofself-controlinparentsisadisadvantagefortheirchildren.25.A)Self-controlcanbeimprovedthrougheducation.B)Self-controlcanimproveone’sfinancialsituation.C)Self-controlproblemsmaybedetectedearlyinchildren.D)Self-controlproblemswilldiminishasonegrowsup.ReadingcomprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereapasisagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordpassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakinghoices.yourEcahcchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon,AnswerStreet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26toare35basedonthefollowingpassage.Theroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear—man-madecreationsasmsartandacpableaswearebutwithoutamoralc

Asrobotstakeonevercommoreplexroles,thequestionnaturally26__________:Whoberesponsiblewhentheysdoomethingwrong?Manufacturers?Users?Softwarewriters?Theanswerdependsontherobot.Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneytheandfuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The27__________ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill28__________enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,29__________useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidentsountandlesschomeandservice-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningfoodprtoeparation.Butthereare30__________problems.Robotcarswillcrash.Adrone(遙控飛行器)operatorwill31__________someone'sprivacy.Aroboticlawnmowerwillrunoveraneighbor'scat.Juriessympathetictothe32__________ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswithcompany-crushing33__________anddamages.Whatshouldgovernmentsdotoprotectpeoplewhile34__________spaceforinnovation?Big,complicatedsystemsonwhichmuchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesss,carshouldbebuilt,35__________andsomanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.Governmentsshouldestsafetyrequirementsandthenletnsuirersrpicetheisrkofhetrobotsbasedtonhemanufacturer'sdrivingrecord,notthepassenger's.A.arisesB.ascends.bouCnd.DcombinationdeE.finiteF.venetuallyG.eintrfereH.invadeI.manifestingJ.penaltiesK.preservingL.programmedM.proximatelyN.victimsO.widespreadSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithwerathletter.equesAnstionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ReformandMedicalCosts[A]Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyeedntoknowifreformwillolvehelptehprsoblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfix—reshapinghowcaredeliisveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinaabnowasteful,rmalsystem—islikelytobeachievedonlythroughtrialanderrorandincremental(漸進(jìn)的)gains.[B]ThegoodnewstisailthalbjustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprotheSenateFinanceCommitteediwoulmplementortestmanyreformsouthatldheshlpslowtheriseinmedicalostsovcerthelongterm.AsareportinTheNewEnofMedicineconcluded,"Prettymucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyliteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures."[C]Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothinghs:pthericsechairgedformedicalservicesintcountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichofteneprformalotmoretestsreatmandentstthanapatientllyreaneeds.[D]HerearesomeoftheimportantposalsinprotheHousendSeanatebillstotryaddressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardwtowellknowythewihollorwk.[E]BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyomamountsparableotctheodpructivity

savingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.isThproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorehant$100billionoverthenextdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefusedtoletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandletinefficientprovidersoffthehookThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrong“pay-go”rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgetcuts.[F]TheSenatenFinacebillwouldmiposeanexcise消tax(費(fèi)稅)onhealthnsuiranceplansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwolikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplansbenetoathfallthethreshold.Enrolleesdwoulhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceutabowhetheranexpensiveordanredunttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages.TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinalshouldlegislation.[G]Anydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthinsuranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreformefforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsdollofarsbilliooverthenextdecade.Thebillsdoclkwoulthatpledgeintolaw.[H]Theimstuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-drivenmedicalsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldrainhelpcotssrestbyeliminatingredundanttests,

preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthetrebestatments.[I]Virtuallyallexpertsagreethate-for-theservicfesystem—doctorsarerewardedforthequantityroferatcaherthanqitsualityoreeffctiveness—isaprimaryreasontthathecostofcareisgh.soMhiostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoaccpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatient'sneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.ThebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithindMeicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresounastableacccareorganizationstotakechargeofapatient'sneedswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesurethelseriouslyl,whoareiresponsibleforthebulkfoallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthesemostxeperimpart,entsrethlyonincentivepaymentstogetdoctorstotrythem.[J]Testinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedandthebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicare'spaymentpolciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsatthwork.ThechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorrejectedasebaywholCongress,makingharditfornarrow-interestlobbiestobendlawmakersheirtowill.t[K]Thesbillinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangeswhichonsmallbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicptiono.Alltheplanswouldavetophrovidestandardbenefitpackagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,insurerswouldahveastrongincentivetosellonthendexchange.thedh-etaAo-headcompetitionmightgivethemastrontgiveincetolowertheirprices,perhapsyaccbeptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbetterdealsfromproviders.

[L]Thefinallegislationmightthrowapublicplanintompettheition,cobutthankstothefierceoppositionofethinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,ghtitnmiotsavemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.[M]Thepresident'sstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomparehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate(前列腺)cancer?Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybettercommoncompetitors?Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalcmoneyeleratetohsiaceffort.[N]Criticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorationingofcare.(Thatwouldbetrueyonlyoubelifievedthatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedtotreatmentsproventobeinferior.)Asaresult,thedobillsnotqureire,astheydshoul,thattheureltsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare.[O]CongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallytreatmentsproventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpensive.Butoverall,wetsuspecthatspendingdwoulcomedownhtrougheliminationofalotofunnecessaryrevenodangeroustestsdantreatments.[P]TheouHsebillwouldauthorizesecrtheetaryofealhthandhumanservicesotnegotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.eautSomhoritativeanalystsoubtdthatthesecretarywouldgetbetterdealsthanprivateinsurersalreadyget.Webelievenegotiationcouldwork.Itdoesrincouothentries.[Q]Missingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreininmalpracticecosts.Malpracticeawardsdodriveupinsuranceumspremiforoctdorsnihigh-riskspecialties,andthereissomedeviencethatdoctorsengageeinsiv"defemedicine"byperforming

testsandreatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyaretnoegligentshouldtheygetsued.36.Withataximposedonexpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfermoneyfromhealthexpensesintowages.37.Changesinpolicywouldbeapprovedorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyistswouldfindithardtoinfluencelawmakers.38.Itisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcosts49.StinandaAmerica.rdizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedicalexpenses.40.Republicansandinsuranceindustryarestronglyopposedtothecreationofapublicinsuranceplan.41.Conversionsofpapertoelectronicmedicalrecordswillhelpeliminattestsandpreventdruginteractions.42.Thehighcostofmedicalservicesandunnecessarytestsandtreatmentshavedrivenupmedicalexpenses.43.Onemainfactorthathasdrivenupmedicalexpensesisthatdoctorsarecompensatedfortheamountofcareratherthanitseffect.44.Contrarytoanalysts’doubts,theauthorbelievesdrugpricesmaybeloweredthroughnegotiation.45.Faircompetitionmightcreateastrongincentivefortochargeless.SectionCDirections:Thereare2ssapagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmark

B.,C.andsD..YouhoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthelecortterespondinonAnswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelopincountriesareusingrawsewage(下水道污水)toirrigateandfertilizenearly49millioacresofcropland,accordingtoa—newandreportitmaynotbeabadthing.Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersoutweighedbythesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandwhoneedaffordablefood.“Thereisalargepotentialforwastewatertureagricultobothhelpandhurtgreanumbersofurbanconsumers,”saidLiqa-SalRaschidly,wholedthestudy.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitierelativelyinexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfroriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities,however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfacilities,andriverseffectivelybecome下水sewers(道).Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbindisease-causingbacteria,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunNearly2.2millionpeopledieayearbecauseofdiarrhea-related(與腹瀉相關(guān)的)diseases,accordingtoWHOstatistics.Morethan80%ofthosecasescanbeattribuwithcontaminatedwaterandalackofpropersanitation.ButPayDrechsel,aenvironmentalscientist,arguesthatthesocialandeconomicbenefitsofusinghumanwastetogrowfoodoutweighthehealthrisks.

Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hthefreewaterandnutrientsfromhumanwastecanhelpurbanfarmersincountriestoescapepoverty.Agricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfnearly70%ofglobalfreshwaterconsumption.Inpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationkeepfarmersinbusiness.Insomecases,waterissoscarcethatfarmerssewagepipestransportingwastetolocalrivers.IrrigationistheprimaryagriculturaluseofhumanwasteinthedevelopButfrequentlyuntreatedhumanwasteharvestedfromlavatorieseliveredtoisfadrmsandspreadasfertilizer.Inmostcases,thehumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whicharecooked,minimizingtheriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.Withfertilizjumpingnearly50%permetrictonoverthelastyearinsomeplaces,huattractive,andoftennecessary,alternative.Incaseswheresewagemudisused,expensivechemicalfertilizereduse.Themudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients.“Overlystrictstandardsoftenfail,”JamesBartram,a-heaWHOlthexwaterpert,said.“Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithtreatmentwillbeiusednagricultureforgoodreason.”46.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofrawsewageforfarminA)Itsriskscannotbeoverestimated.B)Itshouldbeforbiddenaltogether.C)Itsbenefitsoutweighthehazardsinvolved.D)Itispollutingmillionsofacresofcropland.

47.WhatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforirrA)Riversandlakesnearbywillgraduallybecomecontaminated.B)ItwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertilizersoutofC)business.Farmersandconsumersmaybeaffectedbyharmfulbacteria.D)Itwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveon48.theWhatmarket.isenvironmentalscientistPayDrechsel’sattitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhwasteinagriculture?A)Favorable.B)Skeptical.C)Indifferent.D)Responsible.49.WhatdoesPayDrechselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforfA)Theyhavebeensomewhatexaggerated.B)Theycanbedealtwiththrougheducation.C)Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology.D)Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitation.50.WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram’spositionontheuseofhfarming?A)HeechoesPayDrechsel’sopinionontheissue.B)HechallengesLiqaRaschid-Sally’sconclusionC)Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfoodcrisis.D)Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhigh-cholesteroltakandmicrowavedready-meals.Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicle

chefs.Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbecometheheartofthewhatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle,thekit-chenenturyishtoomethe.Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericamarketisnowworth$170billion,fivetimesthecountry’sfilmindustry.IAugust2007,IKEA,aSwedishfurniturechain,soldoveronemillionkitchenTheaveragebudgetfora“major”kitchenoverhaulculaintes2006,Remodcalelingmagazine,wasastaggering$54,000;evena“minor”improvementcostona$18,000.21Exclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion,hasreachedtheRobinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom-madekitchens,offersaGeorgian-styleonewhichdwoulcost14￡5,000-155,000—excludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork.Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyt:“elseYouwillwon’thavseeithiskitchenanywhereelseintheword.”Theeelvationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantstoshowcaseforthemodernfamilytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchatheearly20thcentury,kitchensweresmoky,noisyplaces,generallyergrounlocatedd,ortothebackoftheandhouse,safarfromlivingspaceaspossible.Thatwasasitshouldbe:iktchenswereforservants,andtheaspiringmiddleclasseswantednothingtodothem.Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin,houbecameamatterofinteresttotheeducatedclasses.Oneofthepi