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非謂語動詞專題

非謂語動詞的基本形式及基本功能

名稱特點功能

不定式具有名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞的一些特征在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、狀語、

補語、有形式變化

動名詞具有名詞、形容詞、動詞的一些特征在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語,有形式

變化

分詞具有形容詞、副詞的一些特征在句中可作定語、狀語、表語、補語,現(xiàn)在分詞有形式

變化

(-)不定式

不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“notto+動詞原形”。不定式可以帶賓語或

狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可作主語、賓

語、狀語、表語和定語,但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時有“for+名詞或代詞

賓格”構(gòu)成。

1.不定式的用法

1)作主語。不定式短語作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式賓語。如:

Toseeistobelieve.

Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.

2)作賓語。不定式短語作賓語時,如果還帶有賓語補足語,往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補

足語之后,而用it作形式賓語。如:

Hewantedtogo.

Ifinditinterestingtostudyhistory.

有些動詞后只能用動詞不定式作賓語,必須跟動名詞。如:decide,plan,desire,expect,

hope,wish,pretend,promise,refuse,afford,agree,ask,fail,tend,pretend,manage

3)作賓語補足語。如:

Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.

注意:在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等詞后的補足語中,不

定式不帶to。但這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,就必須帶to。如:

Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.

Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.

注意:動詞不定式在介詞but后面時,如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么,這

些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to。另外,在can'tchoosebut和can'thelpbut等后

面的不定式也省略to。如:

Shecoulddonothingbutcry.

Ihavenochoicebuttogo.

4)作定語。如:

Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.

①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地

點、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如:

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.

但是,不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。如:

Hehadnotmoneyandnoplacetolive.

②當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時,不定式既可以用主動語

態(tài),也可用被動語態(tài),但其含義有所不同。試比較:

Haveyouanythingtosend?

(你有什么東西要寄嗎?——不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”)

Haveyouanythingtobeseat.

[你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?——不定式t。besent的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別

人”]

5)作狀語,表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。如:

Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)

Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)

Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.(結(jié)果)

Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(條件)

目的狀語還可以用inorderto或soasto來表示但soasto不能置于句首。如:

Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedveryhard.

Weranallthewaysoasnottobelate.

不定式也可以在作表語用的形容詞后面作狀語。如:

Iamverygladtohearit.

Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

“to。+形容詞或副詞+不定式”作狀語。如:

Heistoooldtodothat.

另外,句子中有enough這個詞時,常用不定式作狀語。例如:

Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus.

6)作表語。如:

Myjobistohelpthepatient.

7)作獨立成分。如:

Totellthetruth,Idon'tagreewithyou.

8)不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,where,how,what等連用,在句中起名詞作用,

可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。如:

Hedidn'tknowwhattosay.(賓語)

Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)

注意:在與why連用時,只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中,后面緊跟的動詞不

定式不帶to。例如:

Whynothavearest?

9)不定式在句中用主動式還是被動式,多數(shù)情況下是容易判斷的,但有時的確比較復(fù)雜,

請注意以下幾點:

①不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時:不定式往往用主動形式。如:

Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?

(Akeyunlocksthedoor.)

②不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的

主謂關(guān)系時,不定式常用主動形式。

Ihavegotalettertowrite.(Iwriteletter.)

Heneedsaroomtolivein.(Helivesinaroom.)

Iknowwhattodo.(Idowhat.)

但這句如改為下列形式,不定式就得用被動形式:Iknowwhatistobedone.

這是因為whatistobedone是賓語從句,從句中的主語what是動詞do的動作對象。

③不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時,不定式多用主動形式,

這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了forsb.。如:

Heishardtotalkto.(totalktohim)

Thebookisdifficulttounderstand,(tounderstandthebook)

④在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時,不定式用主動形式;如

果說話人強調(diào)的事情本身必須完成,則用被動形式。

Thereisalotofworktodo.(Somebodyhastodothework.)

Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)

請注意下面兩個句子的含義是不同的:

Thereisnothingtodo.(無事可做,感到十分乏味。)

Thereisnothingtobedone.(某東西壞了,無法使之恢復(fù)正常。)

2.不定式的時態(tài)

1)不定式的一般形式所表示的動作,通常與謂語的動作(狀態(tài))同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生,

或是在它之后發(fā)生。例如:

Isawhimgoout.

2)如果謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時,不定式表示的動作正在進行,這時不定式就要用

進行式。例如:

Hepretendedtobereadingabookwhenshewentin.

3)如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,就要用完成式。例如:

rmsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.

3.不定式的語態(tài)

當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般要用被動形式。

如:

Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

Itispossibleforourhopestoberealized.

4.不定式符號to的保留問題

有時為了避免重復(fù),可以用t。來代替前面的不定式,這種情況常出現(xiàn)下列動詞后:expect,

prefer,care,mean,forget,want,wish,hope,try以及beglad/happy等后。

如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be,have,havebeen,這些詞要保留。如:

一Areyouonholidays?

一No,butrdliketobe.

一Ididn'ttellhimthenews.

一Oh,yououghttohave.

(二)動名詞

1.動名詞由動詞+ing構(gòu)成,否定形式為notdoing,具有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì),在句中起名

詞作用,可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。

1)作主語。如:

Seeingisbelieving.

Layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.

Itisnousearguingwithhim.

注意:動名詞和不定式都可以作主語,動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為,不定式

作主語往往表示具體的或?次性的動作。如:

Playingwithfireisdangerous.(泛指玩火)

Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指一具體動作)

但在Itisnouse/good,notanyuse/good,useless等后常用動名詞間或用不定式。

2)作表語。如:

Herjobisteaching.

3)作賓語。如:

Heisfondofplayingfootball.

Ilikeswimming.

①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,

like,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,putoff,

resist,risk,suggest,can"thelp(情不自禁),can'tstand(無法忍受)等動詞成詞組后

可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式。

?forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等動詞或詞組可帶動名詞或不定式作

賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別。

Let'sgoonstudyingLesson6.(讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課。說明前面己學(xué)了一部分。)

Let'sgoontostudyLesson6.(讓我們接著學(xué)第六課。說明前面已學(xué)了第五課。)

Irememberdoingtheexercise.(我記得做過練習(xí)。)

Imustremembertodoit.(我必須記著做這事。)

Itriednottogothere.(我設(shè)法不去那里。)

Itrieddoingitagain.(我試著又干了一次。)

Stopspeaking.(不要講話。)

Hestoppedtotalk.(他停下來講話。)

Imeantocomeearlytoday.(我打算今天早些來。)

Missingthetrainmeanswaitingfbranotherhour.

(誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時工)

③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語,如果后面有名詞或

代詞作賓語,其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如:

Wedon'tallowsmokinghere.

Wedon'tallowstudentstosmoke.

④動詞need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動

形式作賓語表示事情需要做,這時,動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。beworth后必須用動名

詞的主動形式來表示被動意義。如:

Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned.

Hermethodisworthtrying.

⑤在短語devoteto,lookfbrwardto,stickto,tobeusedto,objectto,thankyoufbr,

excusemefbr,be(kept)busy,havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),

haveagood/wonderfiil/hardtime(in),there*snouse/good/need,feel/seemlike/getdownto等

后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式,例如:

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

⑥在love,hate,prefer,like等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。有時用動名詞作賓語

時,指一般情況,而跟不定式作賓語時指某一具體行為。

⑦start,begin,continue在書面語中多后接動名詞,在口語中多后接不定式。

但start和begin在下列情況下一般跟不定式作賓語:當(dāng)主語是物而不是人時;當(dāng)start或begin

以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時,當(dāng)后面作賓語的動詞表示感情、思想或意念時。如:

Itstartedtosnow.Heisbeginningtocookdinner.1begantounderstandwhathemeant.

⑧在should(would)like/love等后須用不定式。

4)作定語,例如:

Hehasareadingroom.

2.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)山物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動名詞構(gòu)成。在句子

開頭必須用名詞所有格或物主代詞。如果動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,其邏輯主語是無生命的

名詞時,用普通格。如:

Hiscomingmademeveryhappy.

Mary'scryingannoyedhim.

Shedidn'tmindhiscrying.

IsthereanyhopeofXiaoWang'swinning.?Heinsistsontheplanbeingcarriedout.

3.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

動名詞的時態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種,如果動名詞的動作沒有明確地表示出時間是與謂語詞

所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或在謂語動詞所表示的動作以前發(fā)生,用動名詞的一般式。如:

Weareinterestedinplayingchess.

Hiscomingwillbeofgreathelptous.

如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,通常用動名詞的完成時態(tài)。如:

I'msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.

在某些動詞或詞組后,常用動名詞的一般形式,盡管其動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生

的。如:Excusemeforcominglate.

主語是動名詞所表示的動作的對象時,動名詞用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由“being+過去分詞”

或“havingbeen+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。后一種一般很少使用,以免使句子顯得累贅。如:

Helikesbeinghelped.

Hewasafraidofbeingleftathome.

Idon'trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.

(三)分詞

1.分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,其否定形式為not+分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式。

一般式用來指和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的行為;完成式(having+過去分詞)用來

指在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。如:

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

Havingstudiedinuniversityfor3years,heknowsthewayverywell.

2)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式,且有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞動作的承

受者時,分詞用被動語態(tài);如果強調(diào)分詞的動作先于謂語的動作,就用分詞完成式的被動形

式。如:

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.

Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.

2.分詞的用法

1)作定語

分詞短語作定語時,放在被修飾的名詞之后;單個分詞作定語時,放在被修飾的名詞之前。

如:

Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.

Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.

注意:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時表示動作正在進行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。如果

兩個動作有先有后,一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,而要用定語從句。如:

Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.

①現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

A.現(xiàn)在分詞作定前置時靜感強,而后置的現(xiàn)在分詞動感強。如:

Theworkingpeoplearethewisest.

Thefarmersworkinghereareverybusy.

能前置的現(xiàn)在分詞為數(shù)不太多,常見的大都是已被形容詞化了的現(xiàn)在分詞,前常有程度副詞,

有些現(xiàn)在分詞甚至還有比較等級。如:

Ihavebroughtveryexcitingnewstoyou.

ThisisthemostexcitingstorythatIhaveeverread.

B.有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時表示正在發(fā)生的動作,這些現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語從句宜用進行時

態(tài)。如:

Didyoutellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakeanynoise?

Didyoutellthechildrenwhowereplayingtherenottomakeanynoise?

TheAmericanpresidentvisitingChinanowwillreturnonSaturday.

TheAmericanpresidentwhoisvisitingChinanowwillreturnonSaturday.

有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時表示經(jīng)常性動作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時)的狀態(tài)。此類現(xiàn)在人詞若改為定語

從句宜用一般時態(tài),而不宜用進行時態(tài)。如:

Theystayedatahotelstanding(whichstood)bythelake.

Thetemplestanding(thatstood)ontopofthehillwasbuiltintheMingDynasty.

C.從形式來看,前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為單個分詞,而后置現(xiàn)在分詞多為短語。但也不能絕對如

此,要視情況而定。要是強調(diào)動感,即使是單個分詞也應(yīng)后置。如:

Look!ThegirlsingingisAliceandonedancingisMary.

從內(nèi)容來講,前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為不及物動詞,一般沒有自己的賓語或狀語。后置現(xiàn)在分詞可

帶賓語狀語。如:

Barkingdogsseldombite.

Thepersontranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.

注意:現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動式一般都不能用作前置定語,而用作后置定語。

Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.

②過去分詞作定語

過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示增添的動作之前發(fā)生,或是沒有?定的時間性。如:

ThisisabookwrittenbyafamousChinesewriter.

Heisamanlovedbyall.

如果指的動作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形

式作定語。如:

Wcmustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.

如果指的是一個未來動作,可用不定式的被動形式作定語。如:

Youareinvitedtoapartytobegivenatourinstituteat6:00nextSundayevening.

2)作狀語

分詞或分詞短語作狀語忖,可以表示時間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。如:

Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.(原因)

Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(時間)

Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.(方式)

分詞短語作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果分詞與句子的主語是主動關(guān)系,

用doing表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或進行的動作,用havingdone表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生

的動作。如果分詞與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系,則用done強調(diào)在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生的動作,

也可用havingbeendone.

表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞while或when弓|出。

有時“with(without)+名詞(或代詞賓語)+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示伴隨狀況。如:

Helayhalfdead,withallhisribsbroken.

當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時.,分詞前必須加上自己的主語,此結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為獨立主

格結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

Timepermitting,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.

3)作表語。如:

Thenewsisinspiring.

Theglassisbroken.

4)作賓語補足語。如:

Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.

注意:在see,hear,watch,fell,observe,have,notice等動詞后,既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成

復(fù)合賓語,也可以用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,但兩者的含義是有區(qū)別的,用現(xiàn)在分詞,表示動

作正在發(fā)生(即處于發(fā)生的過程中,還沒有結(jié)束),用不定式表示動作發(fā)生了(即動作全過

程結(jié)束了)。如:

Isawthegirlgettingonthebus.

Isawthegirlgetintothecaranddriveoff.

注意:“have+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”表示主體使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事;"have+賓語+過

去分詞”表示動作是別人做的或與主體意志無關(guān)。如:

Hehadhisclotheswashed.(他叫別人洗了衣服。)

Wehadthefireburningallday.(我們使火燃燒了,,整天。)

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

(―)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式為:名詞普通格或代詞主格+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/名詞/形

容詞/副詞/介詞短語等。

使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是因為出現(xiàn)了與句子主語不一致的情況。

1.名詞(或代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動進行的動作或狀態(tài)。如:

Themanlaythere,hishandstrembling.

有時,現(xiàn)在分詞being或havingbeen在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。如:

Theweather(being)fine,wedecidedtogoonanouting.

2.名詞(或代詞)+過去分詞

過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動完成的動作。如:

Thegirlslayonherback,herhandscrossedunderherhead.

3.名詞(或代詞)+形容詞(短語)

形容詞(短語)在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中說明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等。如:

Thefloorwet,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.

4.名詞(或代詞)+副詞

副詞在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中也多是說明名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。如:

Themeetingover,weallwenthome.

5.名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語

Theteachercamein,abookinhishand.

6.名詞(或代詞)+不定式(短語)

不定式表示將來的動作。如:

Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.

有時獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞前的定語可以省略。如:

Theboysatquietlyintheoffice,(his)eyesclosed/(a)bookin(his)hand.

(-)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用

1.作狀語

1)表示時間

Hishomeworkdone(=Afterhishomeworkwasdone),Marydecidedtogoshopping.

2)表示原因

Therebeingnobuses(=Becausetherewerenobuses),wehadtowalkhome.

3)表示條件

Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpennits),we'IIgotoplaybasketball.

4)表示方式或伴隨

Hesatatthetable,headdown.

2.作同位語

Manypeoplejoinedinthework,someofthemwomenandchildren.

3.作定語

Closetothebank,wesawdeeppools,thewaterbluelikethesky.

(三)有時用with/without引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,在句中可作定語或狀語。如:

Doyouknowthegirlwithabasketonherback?

非謂語動詞的綜合訓(xùn)練題

【能力技巧拓展】

1.Markoftenattemptstoescapewheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.

A.havingbeenfinedB.tobefined

C.tohavebeenfinedD.beingfined

2.一Howdoyoulikemynewmotorcar?

—Itisverynice,butwouldyoupleaseparkithere?

A.notB.nottoC.tonotD.don't

3.Manythingsimpossibleinthepastarecommontoday.

A.BeingpublishedB.consideringC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered

4.asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

A.consideredB.PublishedC.PublishingD.Tobepublished

5.Annneverdreamsofforhertobesentabroadverysoon.

A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachance

C.therebeachanceD.beingachance

6.Believeitornot,hecame

A.drunkhomelastnightB.homelastnightdrunk

C.homedrunklastnightD.lastnighthomedrunk

7.Thecomputerworksveryfast,data(數(shù)據(jù))atthespeedoflight.

A.havinghandledB.handlingC.handledD.handles

8.theRomannumers,theArabicnumbersarerathersimpletouse.

A.ComparedwithB.ComparingwithC.ComparedasD.Comparingas

9.theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.

A.HavingbelievedB.BelievingC.deliveringD.todeliver

10.TheshopownerwillgetalltheseorderedTVsetstothecustomerstoday.

A.bedeliveredB.deliveredC.deliveringD.todeliver

11.—Therearesomanythingstolearntoday!

—Don,tworry.Youneedn,ttroublethemall.

A.torememberB.rememberingC.orememberingD.remember

12.Afterforthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagelest.

A.beinginterviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.havinginterviewed

13.1don'

tknowwhatillnesshesufferedfrom,butIdorememberbementionedinhospitallastyear.

A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.havingbeenD.be

14.Withalotofdifficultproblems,themanagerfeltlikeacatonhotbricks.

A.tosettleB.settingC.settledD.beingsettled

15.Andersonwasinbedwithallhisclotheson,awakeallnightlongthinkingofthem.

A.lainB.layC.tolieD.lying

16.Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjustclasses.

A.attendB.attendedC.toattendD.attending

17.Theyoungmanrushedoutoftheroom,intohiscarandstartedithurriedly,togethome

assoonaspossible.

A.got;hopedB.getting;andhopedC.got;hopingD.getting;hoped

18.Istillrememberyou,asastudent,sweetly.

A.singingB.tosingC.singD.sung

19.Realizingthathehadn"

tenoughmoneyandtoborrowfromhisfather,hedecidedtosellhiswatch.

A.notwantedB.nottowantC.notwantingD.wantingnot

20.Howcanyouifyouarenot

A.hear;listeningB.listen;hearing

C.belistening;heardD.behearing;listenedto

21.TheYellowRiver,tobe“themotherriver",runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.

A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.beingsaid

22.—Whowouldyourathertheroom?—Jack,ofcourse.

A.havecleanedB.havecleanC.getcleanD.clean

23.Nancyisn'there.It*smymistake.Iforgotallabouther.

A.telephoningB.totelephoneC.totelephonetoD.thetelephoningto

24.Asexplainedintheintroduction,thebottleneedsonlyclean.

A.towashB.washingC.beingwashedD.tobewashed

25.Ratherthanthevegetablestogobad,thepeasantpreferredthemathalfprice.

A.allow;sellingB.allowing;sellC.allow;tosellD.toallow;selling

26.Havingnomoneybuttoknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.

A.nottowantanyoneB.notwantinganyone

C.wantednooneD.towantnoone

27.thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetreeoutofherlife.

A.Saw;frightenedB.Seen;frightened

C.Seeing;frightenedD.Tosee;frightening

28.Helefthomeearlyonlyhewaslateashewentawrongway.

A.foundB.tofindC.findingD.beingfound

29.Wethinktheelectroniccomputeroneofthemostusefultoolsinusetoday.

A.beB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe

30.Everyonehadaforminhishand,butnooneknewwhichoffice.

A.tosendittoB.tosendit

C.tobesenttoD.tohaveitsent

31.Itwascleveratthedecisionintwominutes.

A.fbrhimtoarriveB.forhisarriving

C.ofhimtoarriveD.ofhisarriving

32.Iarrivedjustintimethepolicebeatingthethief.

A.seeingB.toseeC.inordertoseeD.tohaveseen

33.Slowlysheopenedtheletter,.

A.herhandsslightlytremblingB.tremblingherhandsslightly

C.herhandstrembledslightlyD.slightlyherhandsweretrembled

34.一Shallwegoswimming?一OK,I'11justgoand.

A.gettochangeB.gettobechanged

C.getchangedD.getchanging

35.Heisaboyofwords.Hedoesn,tspeakuntil.

A.afew;spokentoB.few;speakingtoC.afew;speakingtoD.few;spokento

36.Weshouldkeepourselvesofthechangingsituation.

A.informedB.informingC.toinformD.inform

37.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadwentwronga

gain.

A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

38.rdratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseemallthetime.

A.togetworseB.tobegettingworseC.tohavegoworseD.gettingworse

39.Wegothometofindthewholehouseupsidedown.Thievesobviously.

A.turned;hadbrokeninB.turned;hadbrokeninto

C.tohaveturned;hadbeenbrokeninD.turning;hadbeenbrokeninto

40.Thedooroftheshopremained,thoughitwasteno'clocka.m..

A.openedB.openingC.lockedD.havinglocking

41.Thebusrolledintothevalley,tendeathsandmorewounded.

A.tocauseB.causedC.causingD.havingcaused

42.Acandletheroom.

A.lighted;litupB.lighted;itC.lit;litupD.lit;litup

43.Allthings,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.

A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidered

44.——Whydidyoucometotheconcerttohearthepopsingersyoudidn'tlike?

—Ishouldn'tlike,butmyboyfriendinsisted.

A.havingcomeB.comingC.tocomeD.tohavecome

45.tozoosinBeijingandothercities,themonkeysarereportedwell.

A.Sending;tosettledownB.Havingsent;tosettle

C.Sent;tohavesettleddownD.Beingsent;tohavesettled

46.一IhearWarreninamiddleschool.

一What?Ican'timaginehimasateacher.

A.teach;toworkB.teaches;workingC.teaches;toworkD.teach;working

47.—r

11gobacktoourhometownthedayaftertomorrow.Haveyougotanythingtoyourparents?

—No,thankyou.I'11bebackinafewdays,too.

A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaken

48.一Whatmadehimsounhappy?

一theticketforthefootballmatch.

A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.Losing

49.There'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans

trouble.

A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade

50.WhenIcaughthimme,Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.

A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating

51.一Whydidn'tyougivemearing?

一Well,Imeant,butlaterIforgot.

A.telephoningB.totelephoneC.havingtelephonedD.tohavetelephoned

52.Suddenlytogivingananswer,Ifoundmyselfataloss.

A.havingpressedB.beingpressedC.pressedD.tobepressed

53.Excuseme.Ifyourcall'snottoourgent,doyoumindminefirst?

A.ImakeB.ifImakeC.metomakeD.thatImake

54.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelievedtheriver.

A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered

C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered

55.——Howaretheygettingonwiththeirwork?——Allgoeswellas.

A.tobeplannedB.beingplannedC.plannedD.planning

56.itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastir(轟動)inscientificcircles.

A.BelieveB.TobelieveC.BelievingD.Believed

57.TheTurnershaveaverypracticallittletablethatfoldsupoutofthewaywhen

A.nottobeneededB.notneeded

C.needednotD.tobenotneeded

58.Thespeech,alivelydiscussionstarted.

A.beingdeliveredB.wasdeliveredC.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered

59.ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster'sdegree.

A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming

60.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebutthepolice.

A.calledinB.callinginC.callinD.tocallin

61.一IsMr.Smithin?一Yes,butheisthephone.Isheyou?

A.making;waitingB.on;hopingC.on;expectingD.in;meeting

62.——IfJohndoesnotcometoworkontime,hemaybefired.

—Surelyheisn'tsofoolishthat.

A.asnottorealizeB.asnotrealizing

C.thatdoesn'trealizeD.astorealize

63.Afterherfamoushusband'sdeath,EleanorRooseveltcontinuedforpeace.

A.workingB.workC.theworkingD.toworking

64.InpartnershipwithJohnD.Rockefeller,HenryFlagertheStandardOilCompany.

A.helpedformingB.helpedform

C.ishelpedformD.helpstoform

65.Likehumans,zooanimalsmusthaveadentisttheirteeth.

A.fillB.filledC.fillingD.tobefilled

66.OnekindoftoolthatwaspopularduringtheStoneAgewasaflake,cuttingandscraping.

A.usingforB.touseasC.usedforD.beingusedas

67.forcomputersiscalledcomputerprogramming.

A.WritinginstructionB.Towriteinstruction

C.ThewritingofinstructionsD.Havingwritteninstructions

68.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbyanoldwoman.

A.lookafterB.lookingafterC.beinglookedafterD.belookedafter

69.1don'tmindherjewelsattheparty.

A.wearB.towearC.wearingD.worn

70.Wecandrinkwaterbutnotwater.

A.boiled;boiledB.boiled;boilingC.boiling;boilingD.boiling;boiled

【高考試題演練】

1.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,thathehadenjoyedhisstayh

ere.(NMET94)

A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added

2.ThefirsttextbooksfbrteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

(NMET94)

A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

3.Shesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.(NMET94)

A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived

4.Themissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.(NMET94)

A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay

5.Ratherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.(NMET94)

A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding

6.—Imustapologizefbraheadoftime.

一That'sallright.

A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknow

C.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow

7.Pauldoesn?thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.(NMET95)

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

8.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn,tturnedupyet.(NMET95)

A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeet

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