大學(xué)英語四級(jí)寫作技巧

CET-4

CollegeEnglishTestBand4WritingSkills寫作部分考核的技能是：A.思想表達(dá)

1）.表達(dá)中心思想

2）.表達(dá)重要或特定信息

3）.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等B.篇章組織

4）.圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點(diǎn)

5）.連貫地組句成段，組段成篇

C.語言運(yùn)用

6）.運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯

7）.運(yùn)用正確的語法

8）.運(yùn)用合適的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

9）.使用正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

10）.運(yùn)用銜接手段表達(dá)句間關(guān)系(如對比、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的等)D.寫作格式

11）.運(yùn)用正確的符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的寫作格式

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)四級(jí)作文采用總體評(píng)分(global

scoring)方法，閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分(reward

scores)，而不是按語言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。批改時(shí)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷，老師參照樣卷對大家的作文進(jìn)行評(píng)分，首先你和哪個(gè)檔次的樣卷接近，則上下浮動(dòng)。我們要從內(nèi)容和語言兩個(gè)方面對作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達(dá)，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而合適地表達(dá)思想，也就要考慮語言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)四級(jí)寫作所占分值為15%，（按百分制算）閱卷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為五個(gè)等級(jí)：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。（按新的方法710分算）.作文分?jǐn)?shù)還是占總分的15%，也就是106.5分，在這部分你要達(dá)到63.9分為及格。答題時(shí)間為30分鐘。具體評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：滿分為15分.共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。

2-4分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或在部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

5-7分基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。8-10分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)，多其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。11-13分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯(cuò)誤。

14-15分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；旧蠠o語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)誤

高分作文特點(diǎn):1.內(nèi)容切題文章要結(jié)構(gòu)完整、內(nèi)容充實(shí)（包含提綱、圖表、圖畫和題目要求的所有信息）、主題突出、上下文內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一。2.表達(dá)清楚文章要具有清晰的層次和充分有力的論證。中西方文化差異造成漢語和英語的思維方式和文字表述方式截然不同；漢語多習(xí)慣概括描述。而英語更注重事實(shí)論證。所以，寫英語作文不要過多地進(jìn)行心理、環(huán)境描寫，而是要用理由和實(shí)例來說明問題和論證觀點(diǎn)。

3.文字連貫語言表達(dá)要流暢，能使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使前后語句邏輯清晰、意思連貫，不互相矛盾，不東拉西扯。

4.句式多變?yōu)楸苊馕恼缕降⒋舭?，可使用不同的句式，如?qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、否定句等。長短句要合理相間，用短句表達(dá)有力的結(jié)論，用長句體現(xiàn)嚴(yán)密的邏輯。5.語言規(guī)范用詞要準(zhǔn)確，并能表現(xiàn)出足夠大的詞匯量。所用語言符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣；不出現(xiàn)有語法錯(cuò)誤的句子和不合理的斷句；正確使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。寫作注意事項(xiàng):1.遵循要求4.文體統(tǒng)一2.卷面整潔5.內(nèi)容一致3.字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)標(biāo)6.檢查到位四級(jí)作文題型透視1.?？碱}材一類是關(guān)于大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)、生活及對將來的工作、人生等方面的態(tài)度和看法，如：2007年12月的作文時(shí)關(guān)于選修課（WhatElectivestochoose).另一類是貼近社會(huì)變化、發(fā)展和進(jìn)步的熱點(diǎn)話題，往往與日常生活緊密相關(guān)，如2006年12月是關(guān)于春節(jié)晚會(huì)（OntheSpringFestivalGala）.四級(jí)作文題型透視2.?？俭w裁四級(jí)作文常涉及的體裁主要有四類：議論文、說明文、記敘文和應(yīng)用文。四級(jí)寫作著重測試考生用文字評(píng)論和說明事物的能力。因此，體裁上比較偏重議論文和說明文，但近些年來，其他兩種體裁，尤其是應(yīng)用文，也逐漸成為出題的要點(diǎn)。四級(jí)作文題型透視寫作類型1.現(xiàn)象解釋型2.問題解決型3.對比選擇型4.觀點(diǎn)論證型5.記敘文6.應(yīng)用文四級(jí)作文的三段式結(jié)構(gòu)題型第一段（引言）第二段（正文）第三段（結(jié)論）現(xiàn)象解釋型描述現(xiàn)象說明現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因表明個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度或闡述個(gè)人做法對比選擇型表明一方或雙方觀點(diǎn)表明一方的觀點(diǎn)及理由，或指出雙方觀點(diǎn)的不足之處及理由表明個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或闡述個(gè)人的做法問題解決型提出問題分析問題，給出解決方案表明個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或闡述個(gè)人的做法應(yīng)用文描述事實(shí)闡述事實(shí)表明觀點(diǎn)或提出建議14第一段：[1.現(xiàn)象/現(xiàn)狀說明段][2.圖畫/圖表描述段]第二段：[3.對立觀點(diǎn)陳述段][4.利弊說明段]

[5.意義闡述段][6.原因列舉段][7.舉例段]第三段：[8.歸納結(jié)論段][9.趨勢預(yù)測段][10建議措施段]10大功能段落——現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作模板1.——hasbecomeacommonpartofpeople’slife.空格內(nèi)用概括性的詞語填出最近出現(xiàn)的總體現(xiàn)象。2.And——hasalwaysarousedthegreatestconcern.空格內(nèi)填題目要去討論的具體現(xiàn)象。3.whatimpressesusmostis——.現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)。4.Thereasons——arevaried.過度句，填現(xiàn)象或現(xiàn)象帶來的后果，為下文分析產(chǎn)生的原因做鋪墊。5.Amongthevariousreasons,——playsanimportantrole.原因之一。6.Thatistosay,——具體說明原因一。7.Whatismore,——原因二。8.Forexample,——舉例說明原因二。9．Whentalkingabout——，——，空格一填作者要討論的現(xiàn)象，空格二填作者的看法。10．Ontheonehand——支持看法的理由一或說明看法的第一個(gè)方面。11．Ontheotherhand,——理由二或第二個(gè)方面。12．Inbrief,——總結(jié)。2003年9月真題

Readingregularlyhaslongbecomeacommonpartofpeople’slife.

Andreadingpreferencehasalwaysarousedthegreatestconcern.Whatimpressesusmostisaccordingtothetable,thepercentageofbookcirculationinanAmericanuniversitylibrary,whichshowsthatthecirculationofpopularfictions,generalnonfictions,science/technology/educationbooksandart/literature/poetrybooksaccountsfor65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and5.1%respectively.Thereasonsforthephenomenonarevaried.Amongthevariousreasons,theappealingcontentofthepopularfictionsplaysanimportantpart.

Thatistosay,thankstoitsappealingplot,popularfictionsattractmorepeoplethanothertypesofbooksdo.Whatismore,science

poems,andviceversa.andartbookswhichrequirereaders’knowledgeonrelevantfieldsarehighlydemanding.Forexample,it’shardforstudentsmajoringinchemistrytounderstandBrowning’s

Whentalkingaboutmyreadingpreference,IthinkIprefertosciencebooks.

Ontheonehand,inordertodeepenwhatI’mspecializingin,Ineedreadmorebooksrelevanttomymajor.Ontheotherhand,thesebookscanalsobroadenourhorizons.Inbrief,collegestudentsshouldchoosebooksaccordingtotheirinterestsandneeds.18現(xiàn)象解釋文

Nowadays,thenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象]in[某種場合]isontheincrease.Itisestimatedthat[相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)].Whyhavetherebeensomany[某種現(xiàn)象]?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Theforemostis[原因一].Besides,[原因二].What’smore,[原因三].Tosumup,themaincauseof[某種現(xiàn)象]isdueto[最主要原因].Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Foronething,[解決辦法一].Ontheotherhand,[解決辦法二].Allthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象].

對比選擇型作文模板1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson——開門見山直入主體，表明對某事人們的不同看法。2.Somepeopleprefer,——.表明一部分人的看法。3.Otherstendto,——.另一部分的看法。4.Astome,Iagreewith/to——作者的看法。5.Ofcourse,——.承認(rèn)自己不贊同的看法有一定的合理性。6.Forexample,——舉例說明支持第五句。7.But,——轉(zhuǎn)折指出這種觀點(diǎn)的不足。8.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformypreference——啟下句過度到下段具體闡述自己所支持的觀點(diǎn)理由。9.Themainreasonis——.支持觀點(diǎn)的理由一。10.Agoodexampletoillustrateis——舉例說明理由一。11.Furanother,——理由二。12.Fromtheforegoing,——總結(jié)全文，從長遠(yuǎn)看來。2000年6月真題：IsatestofspokenEnglishnecessary?

AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).

Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonit.Someprefertohavesuchatest.OtherstendtodeclineanykindoftestofspokenEnglish.Astome,Iagreewiththefirststatement.Ofcourse,atestofspokenEnglishisverydifficulttohandleandthetesttimeisnotlongenoughtofullydisplayparticipants’abilitytospokeninEnglish.

Forexample,ifacandidatedrawsatopicwhichheofsheisnotfamiliarwith,it’shardtoshowhisorhercommandofspokenEnglish.Butwithoutsuchatest,somepeoplemaynothavemotivationtopractisespokenEnglish.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformypreference.Themainreasonisthatsuchatestenhancescollegestudents’awarenessoftheimportanceofspokenEnglish.

Agoodexampletoillustrate

isthatseveralyearsago,collegestudentsonlystressedreadingandwritingskills,ignoringtobuildinguplisteningandspeakingability.Foranother,acertificateofsuchatestwillmakejob-huntingeasier.Fromtheforegoing,IthinkatestofspokenEnglishisofnecessity.問題解決型作文模板1.Withthedevelopment/improvementof——,——.空格一處鋪墊，空格二處填寫某一問題。2.Itisnecessarythat——.關(guān)注解決現(xiàn)象引出的問題很必要。3.Ontheonehand,——.解決問題很必要的理由一。4.Ontheotherhand,——解決問題很必要的理由二。5.Therefore,howto——isworthpayingattention.承上啟下，填要解決的問題。6.Firstly——解決辦法一。7.Secondly——解決辦法二。8.Forexample,——舉例解釋解決辦法二。9.Thirdly,——.解決辦法三。10.Inotherwords,——闡明解決辦法三。11.Infact,waysto——arecountless.指出解決問題的辦法多種多樣。12.It’stimethat——強(qiáng)調(diào)解決問題時(shí)不可待。2004年1月真題：ReduceWasteonCampusWiththeimprovementoflivingstandard,wasteoncampusisincreasinglyserious.

Itisnecessarythatsomethingshouldbedonetoreducewasteoncampus.Ontheonehand,ourwastehasalreadycausedagreatlossofpreciousresources,suchaswaterandelectricity.Ontheotherhand,ourwasteaddsourparentsaswellasoursocietyaburden.Therefore,howtoeliminatewasteoncampusisworthpayingattention.

Firstly,weshouldturnoffthelightwhenweleaveourdormsorclassroomssoastosaveelectricityasmuchaspossible.Secondly,weshouldstopwastingwaterwhenwebath,orwashclothesanddishes.Forexample,weshoulduseabasinwhenwecleanfaces.Thirdly,weshouldbeeconomical.InOtherwords,whengoshopping,weshouldbuyonlywhatwereallyneed.Infact,thewaystoreducewasteoncampusarecountless.

It’stimethatwecultivatethehabitofthriftineverypossibleway.觀點(diǎn)論證型作文模板1.Itistruethat——.提出普遍存在地觀點(diǎn)。2.However,——.談不同地觀點(diǎn)。3.Ithink——.自己地觀點(diǎn)，即文章地論點(diǎn)。4.——canbelistedasfollow.過度句，轉(zhuǎn)折到觀點(diǎn)地論證，由題目選擇具體的詞。5.Firstofall,——論證理由一。6.Secondly——論證理由二。7.Forexample——舉例具體說明理由二。8.Thirdly,——論證理由三。9.Acaseinpointis——.舉例說明理由三。10.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat——提出執(zhí)行該觀點(diǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)。11.Thereisnodoubtthat——得出結(jié)論。12.Inconclusion——總結(jié)全文。

ItPaystoBeHonestItistruethatmostofusvaluehonestyhighly.

However,nowadaysweoftenconfrontconfidencecrisissuchascheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.Ithinkthatweshouldbehonestbecausebeinghonestisnotonlythewholesociety.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,onlyhonestpeoplecanbetrulyrespectedbytheothersandcanmakemorefriendsoveralongperiodoftime.

Secondly,honesty,whichisthetraditionalvirtueoftheChinesepeople,canmakeourlifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Forexample,consumerswillnotbeafraidofbeingoverchargedifdealersarehonest,andonthecontrarydealerscanwinmorecustomers.Thirdly,honestycanmakeoursociety.AcaseinpointisthatSingaporewhichisasocietyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasacomparativelylowcriminalrate.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatbeinghonestyisofbenefittoboththesameandtheindividual.

Thereisnodoubtthatweshouldfosterthespiritofhonesty.Inconclusion,layingstressonhonestywillbecomethepublicmoralsinoursociety.28書信作文的格式稱呼(Salutation)稱呼指對收信人的稱呼.稱呼語后常用逗號(hào)“，”第一類書信是寫給個(gè)人.1)寫信人認(rèn)識(shí)收信人,但關(guān)系不是很親密DearMr.(Miss,Dr,Prof等),后接收信人姓氏,如:DearMr.Smith,DearDrTan,DearMissChen,DearPresident，

2)寫給朋友，兩人關(guān)系較為親密，可直呼其名，如：DearMary,DearJack,DearMom,等．第二類書信是寫給某個(gè)團(tuán)體組織或機(jī)構(gòu)的．1)寫信人不認(rèn)識(shí)其負(fù)責(zé)人,稱呼語可用DearSir，或者DearSirorMadam，

2)寫信人認(rèn)識(shí)其負(fù)責(zé)人可稱DearMr.Black,DearProfessorChen.正文(Body)正文是信的主體部分，正文每段第一行往右縮進(jìn)５個(gè)字母．英語信件習(xí)慣上不用“你好”開頭，可以直接用一兩句話講明寫信的目的．所以正文常為三個(gè)部分：開頭段，正文段和結(jié)尾段．

落款（complimentaryclose）

寫給公司或相識(shí)的人

Yourstruly,Yoursfaithfully,Yourssincerely,Yourscordially,

寫給上司或長輩

Yoursrespectfully,Yoursobediently,

寫給親朋好友

Yours,Alwaysyours,Yoursaffectionately,Kindregards,(With)bestwishes,Yoursincere/goodfriend,(With)love,Yourlovingmother/son，署名

(Signature)署名在結(jié)束語下面一行信紙中央梢偏右的位置，一般寫上全名．根據(jù)英語樣題，一律要求寫LiMing18HanzhengStreetWuhan,Hubei430020P.R.ChinaOct.25,1994DearMr.WilliamMadison,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Yourssincerely,

PatrickBakerMr.WilliamMadisonGeneralManagerRossEngineeringAssociates1767PalmStreetLongBeach,CA96104U.S.A.

IamasophomoremajoringinCivicEngineering.Iamwritingtoyoutosaysomethingaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus.Whensteppingintothebrightandspaciouscanteen,weareimmediatelyattractedbythewhitericeandthesmellofvariousdishes.Theservicepersonsarealwayssmilingandfairlyenthusiasticfortheirwork.Butwegetalittlesurprisedwhenpayingforthefood,becauseitspriceistwicethatoftheuniversitynearby.Thehighpriceisthebiggestobstacleforustohaveadeliciousmeal.Onthisaccountanumberofstudentshavetochoosethefoodthatischeapandwithlittlenutrition.Itisunhealthfultoourhealthandreducestheeffectivenessinourlearning.Soitisadvisabletodropthefoodpriceinourcanteen.Astowhatpercentageofpriceshouldbereduced,astudentpollmaybehelpful.Iamoneofthousandsofthestudentswhoarezealoustoseeouruniversitytakeeffortstoreducetheprice.

Yoursrespectfully,LiMingJanuary12th,2002DearMr.President,

圖表作文1)表格(table),它表示多種事物的相互關(guān)系

EDABCmnfgezpqxyoh2)曲線(curvegraph),它常用表示事物的變化趨勢:3)柱狀(BarGraph)

它用來表示幾種事物的變化情況及相互關(guān)系4)餅狀(PieGraph)

表示各事物在總體中所占的比例及相互關(guān)系

圖表式作文的特點(diǎn)一般涉及5個(gè)方面：描述圖表、指明寓意、分析原因、聯(lián)系實(shí)際、給出建議.四級(jí)考試一般從這5項(xiàng)內(nèi)容中選出3個(gè)內(nèi)容考察學(xué)生的寫作水平。Features

40圖表作文的基本寫作要求充分利用圖表中的信息，把握文字和說明，找出圖表所要表達(dá)的主題。仔細(xì)分析圖表提供的信息加以比較和歸納，選出具有代表意義的信息。避免過多引用。通過對圖表的分析，進(jìn)行概括性的評(píng)論（變化趨勢和造成原因）的說明，最后得出結(jié)論。

UsefulExpressionsinGraphWritingWritingStrategy

WritingSteps(圖表作文的寫作步驟):

1)分析圖表及說明文字;

2)觀察數(shù)字變化趨勢,分析主旨,得出中心論點(diǎn);

3)列提綱;

4)寫作

43

UsefulwordsandExpressionsinGraphWritingTable,diagram,graph,chartShow,demonstrate,indicateStatistics,rate,speed,ratio,percentage,figures,(statistical)dataIncrease,decrease,reduce,decline,godown,goup,riseBeontherise/increase,decrease/declineSharply,smoothly,drastically,dramatically,approximately(1)Thegraphshows/tells/revealsthat…(2)Asisshown/canbeseeninthechartthat…(3)Thetablerepresentsthedevelopmentandchangesin…(4)Fromthetable/graph,itisobvious/apparentthatthenumberof…h(huán)asbeenonthedecline/increaseoverthepastfewyears.(5)Thelastfewyearswitnessedadrastic/dramaticincrease/decreaseinthenumberof…(6)Therapidincreasegrowth/decline/changeof…canbeattributedtovariousfactors.(7)Accordingtofiguresshowninthetable/graph/chart/piewecansee/concludethat…(8)Afteracarefulanalysisofthedata,wecandrawthefollowingconclusion…

Directions：

Forthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutes

towriteacompositiononthetopicReadingpreferences.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelowAnExample:

ReadingPreferenceofStudentsinanAmericanUniversityin2002CategoriesofBooksPercentageofBooksCirculationintheLibraryPopularFiction65.9%GeneralNonfiction18.2%Science/Technology/Education10.8%Art/Literature/poetry5.1%1)根據(jù)上表，簡要描述美國某大學(xué)學(xué)生借閱圖書的分布情況.

2）你對于這些學(xué)生閱讀偏愛的評(píng)論.

3）你通常喜歡閱讀哪一類書籍？說明理由.現(xiàn)象解釋型模板一1)Wehavewitnessed總體現(xiàn)象.

2)Accordingto

描述圖表,具體表現(xiàn)一.

3)And具體表現(xiàn)二

.

4)Manyreasonscontributeto過渡句.

5)Tobeginwith,原因一.

6)Moreover,原因二.

7)Inaddition,原因三.

8)Asaresult,導(dǎo)致結(jié)果.

9)Astome,作者的看法.

10)Firstofall,理由一.

11)Besides,理由二.

12)Toconclude,總結(jié).描述現(xiàn)象闡述原因表明觀點(diǎn)

ReadingPreferences（范文）

1)Wehavewitnessed

thatcollegestudentsvaryin

readingpreference.2)Accordingto

thetableofthepercentageofbookcirculationinanAmericanuniversitylibrary,thecirculationofpopularfictionsandgeneralnonfictionsaccountsfor65.9%and18.2%respectively.3)And

thetablealsoshowsthatthecirculationofscience/technology/educationbooksandart/literature/poetrybooksis10.8%and5.1%

respectively.4)Manyreasonscontributeto

thisphenomenon.

5)Tobeginwith,popularfictionsusuallypossessmoreappealingplotsthanothertypesofbooksdo,somanyreadersareattractedby

popularfiction.

6)Moreover,

popularfictionsandgeneralnonfictionsareeasiertobe

understood.

7)Inaddition,scienceandartbooksdemandcertainknowledgeinspecial

fieldofstudy.

8)Asaresult,morestudentstendtochoosepopularfictionsandgeneralnonfictions.

9)Astome,I’minfavorofbooksofscienceandtechnology.

10)Firstofall,inordertodeepenwhatI’mlearning,Ineedreadmorebooksrelevanttomymajorandobservethenewdevelopmentinscienceandtechnological

circles.

11)Besides,thesebookscanalso

broadenmyvision.

12)Toconclude,collegestudentsshouldchoosebooksaccordingtotheirinterestsandneeds.

寫作的“七項(xiàng)基本原則”文章也講究松弛有度，老讀長句，累死人！寫一個(gè)短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.1、長短句原則

2、主題句原則主題句通常放在句首Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam（主題句）.Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.

3、闡述觀點(diǎn)的一二三原則（1）first,second,third,last（不推薦，原因：俗）（2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（不推薦，原因：俗）（3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast（不推薦，原因：俗）（4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）（5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）（6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）（7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast（強(qiáng)烈推薦）（8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally（9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）（10）foronething,foranotherthing（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）4、短語優(yōu)先原則寫作時(shí)，尤其是在考試時(shí)，如果使用短語，有兩個(gè)好處：其一、用短語會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語，你的得分率將會(huì)降低；相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)一些精彩的短語，你的文章定會(huì)得高分。其二、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個(gè)辦法！比如：Icannotbearit.可以用短語表達(dá)：Icannotputupwithit.Iwantit.可以用短語表達(dá)：Iamlookingforwardtoit.5、多實(shí)少虛原則寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實(shí)際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞。所謂虛詞是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)該只說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital之類的形象詞。再比如：走出房間，general的詞是：walkoutoftheroom但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slipoutoftheroom小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sailoutoftheroom小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：danceoutoftheroom老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：staggeroutoftheroom6、修飾原則文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個(gè)個(gè)的排比句，一個(gè)個(gè)的對偶句，一個(gè)個(gè)的不定式，一個(gè)個(gè)地詞，一個(gè)個(gè)的短語，如此表達(dá)將會(huì)使文章有排山倒海之勢！Whetheryourtastesaremodernortraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.（氣勢恢宏）7、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則原理：在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子，其實(shí)也很簡單，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如：Theweatherbeingfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent,itssizebeingaboutthreetimesthatofChina.如果你可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！59四級(jí)寫作中如何選詞60ComparetheFollowingSentencesWeshould

use

different

waystogettoknowthesociety.Weoughtto

makeuseof

various

methodstogettoknowthesociety.Wearesupposedto

takeadvantageof

diverse

meanstogettoknowthesociety.61選詞的基本原則盡量用四級(jí)范圍內(nèi)的積極的,活躍的，常用的詞或詞組。盡量用表達(dá)最貼切,最生動(dòng),最有力的詞或短語。盡量用最符合所寫話題,所用文體的詞或表達(dá)。62四級(jí)考生在措詞方面存在的問題：1、可供“調(diào)遣”的詞匯量貧乏，用詞大部分局限于中學(xué)詞匯。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會(huì)想到“important”這個(gè)單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant,vital,crucial,critical，etc.2、表達(dá)相近意義時(shí)，常重復(fù)用一個(gè)詞，用詞單調(diào)。Eg.Big

=great,large,huge,vast,titanic,enormousetc.63策略

1、調(diào)動(dòng)大學(xué)期間學(xué)過的更生動(dòng)，更豐富的詞匯表達(dá)意思。Eg.引起、導(dǎo)致Cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout,giverise/birthto2、用具體，生動(dòng)，有針對性的詞語。Eg.利用Use,makeuseof,make(good,effective,wide,wise,full)useofsth,take(full)advantageof3、文中如需要多次表達(dá)同一詞義時(shí)，以同義詞，近義詞等避免重復(fù)使用同一詞。Eg.適應(yīng)…Adaptto,adjustto,make…fit,getusedto,beaccustomedto64實(shí)例賞析ComputerandIIneverforgettheveryexcitingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichinterestedmesothatIindulgedmyselfinsearchingalotofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyedalotofpleasingclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.ComputerandIIneverforgettheexceedinglythrillingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichexertedatremendousfascinationonmesothatIindulgedmyselfingoogling

anarmyofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyaseaofmelodiousclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.exceedingly替換verythrilling替換excitingsth.exertatremendousfascinationonsb替換sb.beinterestedinsth.google替換searchanarmyof替換alotof

Forastart,wecan,freely,searchdesiredinformationatanymoment.Littlebylittle,ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.

Additionally,wecangethugerecreationsonlinebychatting,playinggames,ordeliveringemail.

Forastart替換TobeginwithWecan,freely,search用了插入語的寫作手法ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.用了非常精彩的被動(dòng)Additionally替換Inaddition/BesidesDeliver替換send

Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,inaway,especiallythegrowingviolence,***,pornpictures,AV-filmsemergingonthescreen,whichleadsquietafewnetcitizenstocopying.

Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,這個(gè)句子有三個(gè)精彩之處，首先Thereisnodenyingthat這個(gè)句型，還有however作為插入語，functioninthedisserviceof替換doharmtoEmerging代替appearing(fading代替disappearing)Netcitizen網(wǎng)民，屬于精彩用詞

Asaclassicproverbgoesthatnogardenhasnoweeds.Computersdoplayapositiveroleinthedevelopmentofpeople'lives,despiteasliceof

unfavorableimpacts.Weshould,therefore,takeadvantageofthefruitsandavoidtheoppositefacet.Nogardenhasnoweeds替換EverycoinhastwosidesComputersdoplay，do強(qiáng)調(diào)Positive替換important/good等Asliceof替換apartofUnfavorable替換badImpacts替換effects/influencesWeshould,therefore,takeadvantageof…使用插入語Fruits(而且fruits用的非常形象，merits/virtues)替換advantage(defects替換disadvantage)Facet替換aspect

7429個(gè)最經(jīng)典的替換詞1.individuals,characters,folks代替(people,persons)2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding代替good3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害的)代替bad如果bad做表語，可以有belessimpressive代替E.g.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,many,ifnotmost)代替many.注：用many,ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。E.g.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat….同理用most,ifnotall,代替most.5:asliceof,quietafew,several代替some

6:harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think(因?yàn)槭菚嬲Z，所以要加that)7:affair,business,matter代替thing8:shared代common9.reaphugefruits代替getmuchbenefit10:formypart,frommyownperspective代替inmyopinion11:Increasingly),growing代替moreandmore。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時(shí)用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式.E.g.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.7812..benefitialrewarding代替helpful13.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,代替customer14.littleifanything,或littleornothing代替hardly15.exceedingly,extremely代替very16.hardlyunnecessary,hardlyinevitable...代替necessary,inevitable17.sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb

代替sbtakeinterestin7918.captureone‘sattention代替attractone'sattention.19.facet,dimension,sphere代aspect20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger代替cause.22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth代替..reasonsforsth

8023.desire代替want.24.pourattentioninto代替payattentionto25.bearinmindthat代替remember26.enjoy,possess代替have(注意process是過程的意思)27.interaction代替communication28.frownonsth

代替beagainst,disagreewithsth

29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample代替forexample81四級(jí)寫作中如何造句

82善用詞組

如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會(huì)顯得與眾不同，更具有英語的味道。比如上面所說的“重要的”這個(gè)單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important的時(shí)候，如果從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會(huì)想到“beofimportance”。因?yàn)?，語法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of加這個(gè)形容詞的名詞形式。如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個(gè)常用的詞組叫做“playanimportantrolein---”。83句型多樣簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句交替使用，靈活使用各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)如：插入語，倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，非謂語動(dòng)詞，疑問句等。若要寫好作文，要寫好句子，首先要掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句式變化及句子類型，可通過對泛讀課文經(jīng)典句子的背誦提高應(yīng)用語言基本句型的能力。要善于模仿。84適當(dāng)用代替主動(dòng)，這樣能更客觀的反映事實(shí),句子開頭不要總是用we/I(比如寫結(jié)尾時(shí)不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)舉個(gè)經(jīng)典結(jié)尾2004年六月四級(jí)作文的最后一段：Itis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedbytheserviceindustrylikethat.Thus，itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively.

1.被動(dòng)句Overthepastcoupleofyears,severalcasesofthefoodscandalhavebeendisclosedonvariousmedia.

Promptandstrictmeasuresshouldbetakentoturnbackthiseviltrend.

Indeed,oneoutoffivestudentsisestimatedtobeinpossessionofatleastonecreditcard,andthefigureisexpectedtobeonthesteadyincrese,

862.插入語一種是有兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間引起的成分稱之為插入語第二種是有兩個(gè)半破折號(hào)引起的成分稱之為插入語。Jinan,theSpringCity,isafamoustouristcity.Otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.87比如說把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語放在中間，一般放在主語后、動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入語放在中間，一般放在動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。比如說：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethat…

883.倒裝倒裝是我們寫作中需要用到的。雖然略顯俗套，但是卻是很能滿足閱卷人的主觀感受的。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：Only+時(shí)間狀語/介詞詞組Ex:Onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffortsofeliminatingcheatingatalllevelscanweexpecttohaveacleanersocietyandamorebeautifulfuture.Ex:Onlybyplanninghistimecarefullycanheimproveefficiencyandmakeachievements.89否定詞位于句首（hardlywhen;never;notonly---,butalso---;seldom，scarcely,rarely）Ex:SeldominmylifehaveImetsuchakind-heartedman.地點(diǎn)方位名詞位于句首

Ex:Innootherplaceintheworldcanonefindsuchenthusiasmforapplyingforhostingthe2008OlympicGames.904.修辭

無論是漢語寫作還是英語寫作，修辭其實(shí)非常的重要。它是作者寫作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。這里僅舉一個(gè)比喻例子，還是拿“重要的”來舉例。當(dāng)你用完詞組之后，如果你用上下面比喻句子，則文章就會(huì)顯得神采飛揚(yáng)，試比較：91Thebicycleisimportantforus.Thebicycleisofimportanceforus.Thebicycleplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycle,environmentalfriendlyvehicle,playsanimportantroleinourlife.The