詞匯類高考真題2015年卷

試卷類型2015 年普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試(廣東卷 語言知識(shí)及應(yīng)用（45分第一節(jié)完形填空（15230分1~15A、B、CD項(xiàng)中，選出最佳Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheis2healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce3.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4die.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga5lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan()wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe6linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental7untilafteragePeoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople8childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood9.Nowthatthechancesofdying10aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee ,notdisaster.Todaymanymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin ifnotinage.Asoursocietygrowsold,weneed ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadthem,theyneedactiveand1.A.B.C.D.2.A.compleB.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.separa4.A.B.C.D.despera5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.C.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.第二節(jié)語法填空（101.515分Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned16farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.17(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby18otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave).Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass20itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she21(fall)overthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsontriedtomakealiving22thecow.Inordertosupporthisfamily,Mr.Johnsonbegantontherbsandvegetables.Sincethentstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees23(sell)thewood.Thinkingabouthischildren’sclothes,hestartedgrowingcottontoo.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket24peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Nowitoccurredto25thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分第一節(jié)閱讀理解（20240分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和DAPeterlovedtoshopusedarticles.Almostamonthago,heboughtapopularwordgamethatusedlittlepiecesofwoodwithdifferentlettersonthem.Ashewaspurchasingit,thesalesgirlsaid,“Uh,look,thegameboxhasn’tevenbeenopenedyet.Thatmightbeworthsomemoney.”Peterexaminedtheboxand,sureenough,itwascompleycoveredinfactory-sealedAndhesawadateof1973onthebackofthe“Youshouldputthatupforauction拍賣ontheInternetandseewhathappensthemanyunopenedboxesofthisgamestillaround40yearslater.”“Don’tforgettolmeifyousellit,”thesalesgirlsd.“Noproblem,”Petersaid.Afterhegothome,Peterwentonlinetoseveralauctionwebsiteslookingforhisgame.Buthecouldn’tfindit.ThenhetypedinthenameofthewordgameandhitSearch.Thesearchresultwas543websitescontaininginformationaboutthechangesofthegame.Overtheyears,thegamehadbeenproducedusinglettersindifferentsizesandgameboardsindifferentcolors.Healsofoundsomelistsofgamefanslookingforvariousversionsofthegame.PeteredsomeoflingthemwhatheTwoweekslater,Peterwentbacktothe“o.DoyoustillremembertheunopenedwordThesalesgirllookedathimforasecond,thenrecognizedhimandsaid,“Oh,“I’vegotsomethingforyou,”Petersaid.“Isoldthegameandmade$1,000.Thankyouforyoursuggestion.”Hehandedherthree$100bills.“Wow!”thesalesgirlcriedout.“Thankyou.IneverexpectedWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeter’swordItwasmadearound40yearsIthadgameboardsindifferentItwaskeptinasticbagwithaIthadlittlepiecesofwoodindifferentWhatdidthesalesgirlprobablythinkofPeter’swordOldandRareandClassicandColorfulandPetergotthenamesofthegamefansfrom antheagamethesecond-handWhathappenedattheendofthePetergavethegirl$300asaThesalesgirlbecamePeter’sPeterreturnedthewordgameforThesalesgirlfeltconfusedtoseePeterWhatisthemainthemeoftheIt’simportanttokeepaIt’sgreattoshareinotherpeople’sWeshouldbegratefulforthehelpfromSomethingrareisworthalargeamountofBWhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwasn’tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn’tcatchanything.Iusuallygotprettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy.Healwaysanswered,“Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish.”Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause,“I’mnotafish!”Ididn’tknowhowtothinklikeafish.Besides,Ireasoned,howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishAsIgotalittleolderIbegantounderstandwhatmydadreallymeant.So,Ireadsomebooksonfish.AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstartedattendingthemonthlymeetings.Ilearnedthatafishisacold-bloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.Besides,waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanintheshadeYetfishdon’thaveanyeyelids眼皮andthesunhurtstheireyes….ThemoreIunderstoodfishthemoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem.WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople.”Butitdidn’tcompleymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”WhathesaidwasYouneedtothinklikeafishYearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong-termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanmeIgraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomersItisnotanjob.IwillshowyouhowinthefollowingWhywastheauthorupsetinfishingtripswhenhewasHecouldnotcatchaHisfatherwasnotpatientwithHisfatherdidnotteachhimHecouldnotinfluenceafishashisfatherWhatdidtheauthor’sfatherreallyToreadaboutTolearnfishingbyTounderstandwhatfishTostudyfishinginmanyAccordingtotheauthor,fisharemostlikelytobefound indeepwateronsunnyindeepwateroncloudyinshallowwaterunderinshallowwaterunderwatersideAfterenteringthebusinessworld,theauthorfound iteasytothinklikeahisfather’sfishingadvicehisfirstboss’ssalesideasitdifficulttosellservicestopoorThispassagemostlikelycomesfrom afishingapopularsalesanovelonamillionaire’sCDanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshachildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefaboutevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTVchildrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages影像).Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheyseeActually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,exiningnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherAnotherargumentagainstevisionisthatitrecesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandyingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading.“Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads,”Andersonsays.Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavyevision-watchinglowersIQ(智商)scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit’stheotherwayaround.Ifyou’resmartyoung,you’llwatchlessTVwhenyou’reolder,”Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongevisionviewers.Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthatevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthatevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhatevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.BywatchingTV,childrenlearn imagesthroughmorethanexplicitmoreaboutimagesthanlittleaboutpeople’sAneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild onhiswithotherwithhiswithhisWhichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren’sreadingParents’readingParents’educationalAndersonbelievedthat themoreachildwatchesTV,thesmarterhetheyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesthesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtothelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatWhatisthemainpurposeoftheToadviseontheeducationaluseofTodescribeTV’sharmfuleffectsonToexintraditionalviewsonTVDItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.EachclasshaduniqueinBritain.AndinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleButpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingstudyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillcingthemselvesinparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofstratification.OneunchangingaspectofaBritish’sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsaspeakslherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice.Mostpeoplesaidthisaccent‘educated’and‘soft’.Theaccentscedatthebottominthisstudy,ontheotherhand,wereregional(地區(qū)的)cityaccentsTheseaccentswereseenas‘common’and‘ugly’.HoweverasimilarstudyofBritishaccentsintheUSturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandcedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandBBCEnglishastheleastThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins.Thisisanindicationofclass unnoticed.However,the1995popsong‘CommonPeople’putsforwardtheviewthatthoughamiddle-classmay‘wanttolivelikecommonpeople’theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking-classlife.ArecentstudyofpublicopinionshowsthatinmodernBritain itistimetoendclass B.mostpeoplebelongtomiddleC.itiseasytorecognizea’s D.peopleregardthemselvessociallyThewordstratificationinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto A. B. C. D.ThestudyintheUSshowedthatBBCEnglishwasregardedas A. B. C. D.Britishattitudestowardsaccent havealong B.arebasedonregionalC.aresharedbythe D.havechangedinrecentWhatisthemainideaoftheThemiddleclassis B.A’saccentreflectshisC.ClassisakeypartofBritish D.Eachclasshasunique第二節(jié)信息匹配（5210分 ANightofGlamorandIntrigueatShanghaiBundin1930PickingPartners—NEWFeaturingadaptations andTocelebrateAsiaheritagemonth,TrendyNewYork proudtopresent“CheongsamNightout—AdateAward—winningcomposerTanDun,CheongsambeautiesinShanghaiBundBeijingGuitarDuoteamedupwithCubanMay16,9:00PM-May17,12:00AM,virtuosoManuelBarrueco(right)for330West40thStreet,NewYork.NYonApril HeroesofHistory:LegacyofMyJoinusasactressTinaChenrecountsthefascinatingGreatshorts—NEWofthreegenerationsofhermother’sfamilyandAphotographyexhibitionheldbyHANMediacontributionstothehistoryofcelebrateitsfoundinginNewYorkCityon Friday,May8,6:30PM-photographers:YingxiMichaelShi,HaiyinInstitute125East65thStreet,NewYork,NYpublicationssuchasVogue,ELLE,TheNewTimesand PassingontheKunquArt:MastertoKunquSociety, Forbiddendelights—NEWdancingandactingThefirstsessionoftheInstituteinAmerica courseBeijing:TheCityThroughItsArchitectureopens Wednesday.NancyS.SteinhardtdiscussestheperformanceintroducesfoursignatureysCityandBeijing’simperialKunquMasterJiqingZhangtoSunday,April19,2:00PM,ESTSunday,April19,2:00PM,ESTMillerTheatreatColumbiaEdwardLeonardoNorton,connoisseurofandJapaneseantiques.Hehasastronginterestinclassicalliryworks.HeevenstartsgoingtoeveningclassestolearnclassicalatColumbiaUniversity.DaphneSui-yuanTan,formerdirectorofNationalAssociationofPhotographers.AfterreadingsomehistorybooksonhowthefirstgroupofimmigrantssurvivedinAmericaofthe19thcentury,shehas ekeenonherownfamilyhistoryandthatofothers.SharonCollins,popsingerandamateurphotographer.Hermarriagewithaseriousmusiccritichasdrawnhertohisworld,sosheisnowcrazyaboutclassicalmusicandwillnotmissanychancetoattendaconcertwithherhusband.MiceHiggins,eminentphotographerandcolumnistforquiteafewinternationally-knowntravelmagazines.Recently,shehasshowngreatinterestinphotoexhibitswhichfeatureyoungswithcorCarolineHugo,famouswriterandinfluentialmoviecritic.LastyearherfantasystorywhichinvolvedthemysteriousForbiddenCityreceivedcriticalacclaim.NowsheisconceivingaromancethathasShanghaiofthe1930sasthesetting.寫作（40分第一節(jié)基礎(chǔ)寫作（115分[寫作內(nèi)容技術(shù)名稱：DNA技術(shù)名稱：DNA檢測(cè)費(fèi)用：125英鎊檢測(cè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)：4.2.*唾液樣本：saliva[寫作要求[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第二節(jié)讀寫任務(wù)（125分）Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Sixteachershadquitbeforeher.Whenshewalkedintotheclassroom,itwaschaos:twoboyswerefightingi