2019-2020學(xué)年新人教版高中英語高效學(xué)案：必修二復(fù)習(xí)短文改錯(cuò)講與練

高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)短文改錯(cuò)講與練熱點(diǎn)考向短文改錯(cuò)中的一致性原則所涉及的內(nèi)容包括：主謂一致性原則、時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則、代詞指代一致性原則。熱點(diǎn)1主謂一致性原則(1)把握好名詞或代詞作主(2)注意當(dāng)名詞性從句、動(dòng)名詞(短語)或不定式(短語)作主語時(shí)的主謂一致性。語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。(3)重視主語后跟的連接詞。(4)注意某些限定詞修飾的熱點(diǎn)2時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致性。(1)多個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞并列時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)必須保持一致。(2)主從復(fù)合句的時(shí)態(tài)一致性：在狀語從句中，大多數(shù)情況下主從句前后的時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致；但在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，則從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何時(shí)態(tài)；若主句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)，則從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞也要用相應(yīng)的某種過去時(shí)態(tài)，但從句所表述的內(nèi)容是普遍存在的客觀真理時(shí)，從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。熱點(diǎn)3代詞指代一致性原則要注意上下文中的代詞指代應(yīng)前后一致，若前面是thewoman，則其后的代詞就是she，her，hers等。解題原則在解答短文改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，考生要遵循以下原則：(1)保持原意原則短文改錯(cuò)只是要求考生對(duì)其中的用詞錯(cuò)誤和句法錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行修改和更正，而不是改變文章或者作者所表達(dá)的意思、語氣和上下文邏輯關(guān)系，也不用調(diào)整句子順序和結(jié)構(gòu)等。(2)改動(dòng)最少原則做短文改錯(cuò)題時(shí)每處錯(cuò)誤只能在一個(gè)詞上進(jìn)行改動(dòng)。通常有：在錯(cuò)詞下畫線并在其下面寫出正確的詞；將多余的詞劃掉；在缺詞處畫個(gè)漏字符號(hào)并在其下面寫出

要加的詞。(3)改動(dòng)實(shí)詞、添加或刪除虛詞原則根據(jù)近幾年高考分析，對(duì)實(shí)詞的處理一般為改變形式而不是改變其詞義，也不能改用另一個(gè)實(shí)詞，更不能隨意增減；而添加或刪除的多半是冠詞、介詞、關(guān)系詞等。(4)簡潔規(guī)范原則考生必須使用規(guī)定符號(hào)去答題，而不能用文字去表達(dá)。有時(shí)有些考生不僅答題不規(guī)范，沒有把錯(cuò)誤的改成正確的，而且把正確的反而給改錯(cuò)了，這樣就不能得分。解題步驟步驟1抓住主線，確定時(shí)態(tài)通讀語篇、抓住主線、貫穿全文是順利完成短文改錯(cuò)的關(guān)鍵所在。動(dòng)詞是語句的核心，確定基本時(shí)態(tài)、前后比對(duì)是解決動(dòng)詞問題的法寶。一篇短文的基本時(shí)態(tài)若確定了，要確定動(dòng)詞的關(guān)相形式也就有章可循了。步驟2整句理解，分行斟酌短文改錯(cuò)的命題形式一般是給出一篇短文，文中共處。也就是說，短文改錯(cuò)是以“句”為閱讀單位的。這就要求考生在解題時(shí)以句子為基礎(chǔ)，在全面理解上下文的同時(shí)，又要在每一句中仔細(xì)斟酌，判斷正誤。有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩步驟3前后貫通，復(fù)讀檢查有的錯(cuò)誤比較隱蔽，考生要根據(jù)平時(shí)所積累的詞匯、語法和慣用法知識(shí)及文章是否通順。在復(fù)讀過程中，既要重視詞匯、句子的字面含義，又要弄清上下文的內(nèi)在邏輯，只靠一遍閱讀是很難發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這時(shí)必須做到前后貫通，復(fù)讀檢查語感，檢查修改后的。步驟4規(guī)范解答，注意細(xì)節(jié)在短文改錯(cuò)答題過程中，考生應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照試題要求進(jìn)行規(guī)范答題。如“”、“∧”、“\”分別代表錯(cuò)詞標(biāo)記、缺詞標(biāo)記以及多詞刪除標(biāo)記。另外，錯(cuò)詞、缺詞時(shí)答案均要求寫在正下方，避免過失性失分。解題技巧1．堅(jiān)持三個(gè)原則、做到三個(gè)不改(1)三個(gè)原則：虛詞以添加或刪除為原則；實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則；以保持句子原意為原則；(2)三個(gè)不改：專有名詞不改；大小寫不改；單詞的拼寫形式不改。2．依據(jù)錯(cuò)誤類型識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤短文改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)誤類型無非是三種，即多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞三種類型，解題時(shí)應(yīng)特別留意文中細(xì)節(jié)信息，準(zhǔn)確理解句子意義，充分利用錯(cuò)誤類型幫助自己識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤。3．利用一致原則識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤短文改錯(cuò)往往會(huì)考查上下文或前后句子在時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、主謂，以及代詞的指代、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等方面是否一致。因而利用一致原則，可以幫助考生快速識(shí)別和改正文中錯(cuò)誤。4．通過分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤考生往往受漢語思維影響，即只考慮句意而忽視句子成分對(duì)所使用詞性的影響。因而，改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)善于分析句子，尤其注意修飾性詞語在句中的作用，從而幫助自己找出并改正錯(cuò)誤。5．利用固定搭配識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)固定搭配的考查類型涉及多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞三類，主要涉及介詞的固定搭配，固定搭配中冠詞的使用，以及動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞的搭配，形容詞與介詞的搭配等。改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)著重觀察固定搭配中冠詞、介詞及副詞的使用是否正確，或者是否有多詞或缺詞現(xiàn)象。6．通過分析邏輯關(guān)系識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤改錯(cuò)時(shí)要力求把握全文主旨大意和時(shí)態(tài)基調(diào)，準(zhǔn)確理解前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，同時(shí)應(yīng)注意平行結(jié)構(gòu)及主語與動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。7．通過判斷謂語還是非謂語識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤短文改錯(cuò)中常把謂語動(dòng)詞誤用作非謂語動(dòng)詞，因此在解題時(shí)要特別留意一個(gè)句子中有多個(gè)動(dòng)詞或把非謂語動(dòng)詞誤用作謂語動(dòng)詞，出現(xiàn)的情況，判定是否其中一個(gè)應(yīng)為非謂語形式。8．通過判斷從句類型識(shí)別和改正錯(cuò)誤短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)于連詞的考查主要涉及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系以及復(fù)合句中連詞的使用，改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確理解句意，以及主、從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而確定答案。此類錯(cuò)誤往往涉及多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞三個(gè)類型。過關(guān)檢測(cè)

1(2018·中原名校聯(lián)考)Thereisnodenyingthatmobilephonesareplayinganimportantlyroleinourdailylife.However，thephenomenonpeoplearetooaddictedintheirmobilephonesisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Mobilephoneaddictscan’thelpchecktheirmobilephonesallday，evenwhentheyarewalkingontheroad.Astheresult，theircommunicationwithpeoplearoundthembecomeslessandless.Besides，theirhealthyisgreatlyaffected.Manyaresufferedfromneckpains，forexample.Inmyopinion，itistimewethrowawayourmobilephonesandraisedourheadsup.Weshouldspendlesstimecommunicatingwithourfamilyandfriendsfacetoface.

2(2018·廣東茂名綜合考試)DearDavid，I’mmorethanpleasingtoknowthatyouarelearningChinese.I’dliketoyou.It’sagoodwebsitefornon-ChinesespeakerswhicharelearningChinese，especiallyforbeginner.Firstly，itprovidedyouwithavarietyofonlinecourses，suchasChineseidioms，dialoguesandcustoms.Throughthiscourses，youwillhaveagoodunderstandingoftheChineselanguageaswellasitsculture.Beside，itwillhelpyoulearntheChineseininterestingandeffectiveways.HereyoucanlearntosingsomeChinesesongs，enjoyingTangpoemsandwatchChinese

movies.Moreimportantly，thereareteachersonlinewhomyoucanturntohelp.Andallthisisfreeofcharge.Ihopeyouwillfindthiswebsiteattractivelyandhelpful.跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2018·福建龍巖期末)Itwaswarmandsunny，sowedecidetogoforaswim.WhenIreachedtothebeach，myfriendswerealreadythere.Theseawasperfect，appearingassmoothlyasamirror.Ifeltquitepleasedwithit，andmyfriendswerealittledisappointingasthey

likedhugewaves.Whenwegothungryandthirsty，weboughtsomehotdoganddrinksfromanearbyshop.Afterthat，webecameenergeticenoughforafootballgame.Itsurprisedallwasthatmyteamwongame.Thenwerelaxedforawhile，sleeponthebeach.Atabouthalfpastfour，wepackedupmythingsandwenthome.Wereallyhadfun.2(2018·河北邯鄲質(zhì)檢)WhenIwas12，ImetMary.ShecametoChinawithherparents，whomtaughtEnglishinanuniversity.Wesoonbecamegoodfriends.ShewasfluentlyinChinesewhileIhaddifficultyinmyspokenEnglish.InordertohelpmewithmyEnglish，we

spokeasmuchEnglishaswecanwhenweweretogether.Beforelong，IcouldspeakEnglishwellbutatthesametimeIalsomadegreatprogressesinmywrittenEnglish.Luckily，ayearlater，shehadtoreturnbacktohercountrywithherparents.Andwehaveoutoftouchwitheachothereversince.HowImissher!3(2018·山東德州模擬)Howiseverythinggoing?IwouldliketoexpressmythankswithyourkindnessduringmystayinLondonlastweek.KnowthatyoutakeagreatfancytoChineseculture，especialtheSpringFestival，Iwouldlovetointroduceittoyou.TheSpringFestival，oneofthemostimportantfestivalinChina，fallsonJanuary1inthelunarcalendar.Ithasalonghistory，thatwasoriginallycelebratedtodriveawayamonster

“Nian”．Differentthatinthepast，itisnowgivennewmeanings.OntheNewYear’sEve，eachfamilyhaveitsmembersgathertogether.Theytelleachothertheirlivesinthepastyear，exchangegiftsandtoeatdeliciousmealsinthewarmofthefamily.Ihopeyouwillcomehereandexperiencedthiswonderfulfestival.4(2018·廣東肇慶評(píng)估檢測(cè))MrBlackismyfavoriteteacher，whichis1.7metersinheight.Beforegraduatingfromcollege，hebecametheseniorhighschoolteacher.Sincethen，hetaughtmathforafewdecade.It’ssaidthathewillretireearlyfromhispositionnextyearowingtopoorlyhealthconditions.Duringhisteachingyears，henotonlycanmakehisstudents

tolearnwell，butalsoiswell-knownforheruniqueteachingmethodsofhowtoeffectivelyinspirestudents’enthusiasm.Ididn’tlikemathayearago.Forme，itseemedboredanddifficult.Hewastheonlyteacherthatusuallyhelpsmewithpatience.NowI’mgoodatmath.真題訓(xùn)練1.(2018·全國Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain，theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears，butheagreed.2.(2018·全國Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle，F(xiàn)riday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper，wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.Asthekid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem，myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.

過關(guān)檢測(cè)答案：1.Thereisnodenyingthatmobilephonesareplayinganimportantlyroleinourimportant∧dailylife.However，thephenomenonthatpeoplearetooaddictedintotheirmobile∧phonesisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Mobilephoneaddictscan’thelpbut或checkcheckingtheatheirmobilephonesallday，evenwhentheyarewalkingontheroad.Asresult，theircommunicationwithpeoplearoundthembecomeslessandless.Besides，healthyhealthisgreatlyaffected.Manyaresufferedfromneckpains，forexample.sufferingtheirInmyopinion，itistimewethrewthrowawayourmobilephonesandraisedourheadstimecommunicatingwithourfamilyandfriendsfacetolessmoreup.Weshouldspendface.2.DearDavid，pleasingpleasedI’mmorethantoknowthatyouarelearningChinese.I’dliketoyou.It’sagoodwebsitefornon-Chinesespeakerswhichwho/thatbeginnerbeginnersarelearningChinese，videdFirstly，itprovidesyouwithavarietyofonlinecourses，suchasChineseidioms，thisthesedialoguesandcustoms.Throughcourses，youwillhaveagoodunderstandingoftheChineselanguageaswellasitsculture.BesidesBeside，itwillhelpyoulearntheChineseininterestingandeffectiveways.HereenjoyingyoucanlearntosingsomeChinesesongs，TangpoemsandwatchChineseenjoymovies.∧Moreimportantly，thereareteachersonlinewhomyoucanturntoforhelp.Andallthisisfreeofcharge.attractivelyattractiveIhopeyouwillfindthiswebsiteandhelpful.跟蹤訓(xùn)練1。Itwaswarmandsunny，sowedecideddecidetogoforaswim.WhenIreachedtothebeach，myfriendswerealreadythere.Theseawasperfect，appearingassmoothlyassmoothamirror.Ifeltquitepleasedwithit，andbutmyfriendswerealittledisappointingastheydisappointedhotdoghotdogslikedhugewaves.Whenwegothungryandthirsty，weboughtsomeanddrinksfromanearbyshop.Afterthat，webecameenergeticenoughforafootball∧surprisedallwasthatmyteamwonthegame.ThenwerelaxedforaItWhatgame.while，onthebeach.Atabouthalfpastfour，wepackedupourmythingsandsleepsleepingwenthome.Wereallyhadfun.2.答案whomWhenIwas12，ImetMary.ShecametoChinawithherparents，taughtwhoanafluentlyinChinesefluentEnglishinuniversity.Wesoonbecamegoodfriends.ShewaswhileIhaddifficultywithinmyspokenEnglish.InordertohelpmewithmyEnglish，cancouldwespokeasmuchEnglishaswewhenweweretogether.Beforelong，IcouldspeakEnglishwellandbutatthesametimeIalsomadegreatprogressesinmywrittenprogressEnglish.UnluckilyLuckily，ayearlater，shehadtoreturnbacktohercountrywithher∧parents.Andwehavebeenoutoftouchwitheachothereversince.HowImissher!3.答案withforHowiseverythinggoing?IwouldliketoexpressmythanksKnowyourkindnessduringmystayinLondonlastweek.thatyoutakeagreatfancytoChineseKnowingespecialculture，theSpringFestival，Iwouldlovetointroduceittoyou.TheSpringespeciallyfestivalfestivalsFestival，oneofthemostimportantinChina，fallsonJanuary1inthelunarthatcalendar.Ithasalonghistory，wasoriginallycelebratedtodriveawayamonsterwhich∧“Nian”．Differentfromthatinthepast，itisnowgivennewmeanings.OntheNewhaveitsmembersgathertogether.TheytelleachothertheirYear’sEve，eachfamilyhaslivesinthepastyear，exchangegiftsandtoeatdeliciousmealsinthewarmofthewarmthfamily.Ihopeyouwillcomehereandexperiencedthiswonderfulfestival.experience4.答案whichwhoBeforeAfterMrBlackismyfavoriteteacher，is1.7metersinheight.graduating∧seniorhighschoolteacher.Sincethen，hehastaughttheafromcollege，hebecamemathforafewdecadesdecade.It’ssaidthathewillretireearlyfromhispositionnextyearpoorlypoorowingtohealthconditions.Duringhisteachingyears，henotonlycanmakehisstudentstolearnwell，butalsoiswell-knownforherhisuniqueteachingmethodsofhowtoeffectivelyinspirestudents’enthusiasm.Ididn’tlikemathayearago.Forme，itboredboringhelpsmewithhelpedseemedanddifficult.Hewastheonlyteacherthatusua