全大學英語第二冊教案unit7learningaboutenglish

Unit7LearningaboutEnglish.Teachingplanobjectivesgraspthemainidea(becauseofitstoleranceforoutsideinfluences,Englishhasbecomeagreatlanguage)andstructureofthetext;understandsomeidiomaticEnglishusagesmentionedintheunit;masterkeylanguagepointsandstructuresinthetext;4.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiestothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment

relatedst1period:pre-reading;while-reading(title)2ndperiod:while-reading(title,languagepoints)3rdperiod:while-reading(languagepoints);post-reading(drawingapicture)4thperiod:post-reading;checkonstudents’homereading(textB)th5period:theme-relatedlanguagelearningtasksPre-readingtasksTasksSsthefollowingquestionsontherecordedpassage:(23minutes)whatisthepassageabout(Englishisagreatlanguage,butitisalsoacrazylanguage.)CanyougiveoneortwoexamplestoillustratethemessinessoftheEnglishlanguage(seetranscriptoftherecordedpassageforthemanyexamplesitmentions)Areyousureofalltheidiomaticusagesmentionedintherecordedpassage[someifthemoreconfusingusagesareexplainedhere:1)shipbytruck/sendcargobyship:shipcanbeeitheraverboranounThefirst“ship”means“send”,thesecondone“alargeboat”.2)nosesthatrun/feetthatsmells:thisreferstowhatpeopleusuallysay“havearunningnose”,“haveasmellyfeet”.aslim/fatchance:aremotepossibilityawiseguy:apersonwhopretendstobemuchwiserthanhe/shereallyis;aderogatorytermawiseman:areallywiseperson;acommendatorytermoverlook:failtoseeornotice,paynoattentiontooversee:control(work,workmen)hot/coldashell:extremelyhot/coldburnup:catchfireandflareupburndown:bedestroyedbyfirefillinaform/filloutaform:synonymousgooff:startanaction,usuallyaccompaniedbyagreatnoisegoon:continuedoingsomething10)racecanbeanyofseveraldivisionsofmankind(maindivisions

種族,民族)oranyoftheoflivingcreatures.(任何生物的種屬,.humanrace)whenstarsareout:whenstarsappearintheskywhenlightsareout:whenlightsareturnedoffwindupawatch:tighteningthespringofawatchwindupaspeech:endaspeechTmayleadintoTextAbysaying:Aswediscoverfromthepreviousexercise,anEnglishmayhavemultiplemeanings.Likewise,severaldifferentwordsmaybepronouncedinthesameway.Forexample;Iknewastudentwho,uponhearingthetitleofHelen

Keller

’s

famousessay

ThreeDaysto

See,

translated

it

into

<海邊三日

>.Consideredinthisperspective,Englishisreallymessy.However,accordingtoTextA,thisisalsoamajormeritofEnglish.(2minutes)Werpretationofthetitle(10minutes)1)Sslookatthetitle.Tintroducestheconceptofanoxymoron(矛盾修飾法,seeTextAnalysis)2)Ssscanthefirstthreeparagraphstofindoutthedefinitionfor“gloriousmessiness”(inPara3)2.TextOrganization(15minutes)1)TdrawsSs’attentiontoTextOrganizationExercise1,leadsthemthroughthedirections,thendictatestothemthemainideasofeachpart.2)SsscanthefirstsentenceofeachparagraphinTextAtofindoutwherethepresenttenseisswitchedtothepasttense(Para4)andwherethepresenttenseisresumed(Para17)3)SscomparetheirfindingswithTextOrganizationExercise1,andtheywillseethedivisionofpartscoincideswithtensechanges.3.TexplainslanguagepointsandgivesSspractice(seeLanguageStudy).Whengoingthroughthetext,Tmayalsopointoutthevariousrhetoricaldevicesthatappearinit(seeTextAnalysis)(60minutes)Post-readingtasksDrawingapicture(35minutes)1)Tdraws

Ss’

attention

to

aquotation

from

RalphWaldoEmersonin

the

quotationsection“TheEnglish

language

is

the

seawhich

receives

tributaries

from

every

regionunderheaven.”SstrytodrawapictureofthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.ThebodyofEnglishisthesea,whilethemajorinfluencesarethetributariesthatflowintoit.Ateachpointwherearivermergesintothesea,notedownthetime.Alongeachriver,notedownthenameofthelanguagefromwhichEnglishhasborrowed.(refertoTextOrganizationExercise2)SomeSsdrawtheirpicturesontheblackboard.ThenTgivessomecomments.Ssre-readPartⅡtofindouthowtheauthororganizesthephasesofEnglishlanguagedevelopmentintoacoherentpiece.(bytransitional

devices

atparagraphheads.Payspecialattentiontotheunderlinedpartsbelow:howdidthelanguageofasmallislandbecomethelanguageoftheplanetnewwordscamewiththeGermanictribesinthe5

th

century.thenextbiginfluenceonEnglishwasthenintothisrelativelypeacefullandcametheVikingsanotherfloodofnewvocabularyoccurredin1066around1476WilliamCaxonsetupaprintingpressinEnglandassettlerslandedinNorthAmericaTguidesSsthroughsomeafter-textexercises.(30minutes)TchecksonSs’homereading(TextB).(3minutes)SsdopartⅣ:Theme-relatedlanguagelearningtasks.(1period)TasksSstopreparethenextunit:(2minutes)dothepre-readingtasks;previewTextA..TextAnalysisAnexpertonEnglishlanguageissupposedtoknowwellaboutrhetoricaldevicesinEnglish.RobertMacNeil,theauthorofTextA,doesnotdisappointus.Thetitle,TheGloriousMessinessofEnglish,offersagoodexampleofoxymoron.Anoxymoronputstwocontradictorytermstogethertopuzzlethereader,luringhim/hertopauseandexplorewhy.“glorious”isacommendatoryterm,while“messiness”isderogatory.WhydotheystandnexttoeachotherThen,asthereaderreadson,he/shewillfindoutthatthetitleisactuallyathesisstatement:yes,Englishismessy,butthemessinessreflectssomecommendablequalitiesofEnglish,suchastolerance,theloveoffreedom,andtherespectforothers’rights.Atthispointthereadercannotbutadmiretheauthor’singunuity.RobertMacNeilemploysmanymetaphors,suchascoreofEnglish,acommonparentlanguage,anotherfloodofnewvocabulary,thespecialpreserveofgrammarians.InPara18thereisaninstanceofsustainedmetaphor:theculturalsoil,thefirstshootssprangup,grewstronger,buildfencesaroundtheirlanguage.InthiscasetheEnglishlanguageiscomparedtoplants,andthevariousculturesinfluencingitarecomparedtothesoil,whileusersofEnglisharecomparedtogardeners.WecanalsofindparallelisminthequotefromWinstonChurchill:“Weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefieldsadinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills.Weshallneversurrender.”Thereispersonificationinthesentence“TranslationsofGreekandRomanclassicswerepouredontotheprinted”Thereismetonymyinthesentence“Thecountrynowhadthreelanguages:Frenchforthenobles,LatinforthechurchesandEnglishforthecommonpeople.”Heretheword“churched”standsforreligiousinstitutionsandthosewhoareinvolvedinreligiouspractices..CulturalNotes1.HistoryofEnglish:TherootsofEnglish:EnglishbeganasawestGermaniclanguagewhichwasbroughttoEnglandbytheSaxonsaround400.OldEnglishwasthespokenandwrittenlanguageofEnglandbetween400and1100.ManywordsusedtodaycomefromOldEnglish,includingman,woman,king,mother,etc.ButOldEnglishwasverydifferentfrommodernEnglishandonlyafewwordscanbeeasilyrecognized.Inthe9thand10thcenturies,whenVikingsinvadedEngland,OldNorsewords,eg,sky,takeandgetandmanyplacenames,enteredthelanguage.FromtheNormanConquest(1066)untilthelate12thcenturyEnglishwasreplacedastheofficiallanguagebyNormanFrench,thoughEnglishwasstillusedbythelowerclasses.Englishfromabout1300to1500isknownasMiddleEnglish.ItwasinfluencedbyFrenchandalsoLatininvocabularyandpronunciation.Frenchbroughtmanywordsconnectedwithgovernment,.sovereign,royal,court,legalandgovernmentitself.LatinwasthelanguageofreligionandlearningandgavetoEnglishwordssuchasminister,angel,master,schoolandgrammar.LiteraturebeganagaintobewritteninEnglishduringthisperiod.OneofthemostfamousMiddleEnglishworksisChaucer’sTheCanterburyTales.ThedevelopmentofModernEnglish:ModernEnglishdevelopedfromtheMiddleEnglishdialectoftheEastMidlandsandwasinfluencedbytheEnglishusedinLondon,whereaprintingpresswassetupbyWilliamCaxonin1476.Englishchangedagreatdealfromthistimeuntiltheendof18thDuringtheRenaissance,manywordscentury.wereintroducedfromGreekandLatintoexpressnewideas,especiallyinscience,medicineandphilosophy.Theyincludedphysics,species,architecture,encyclopediaandhypothesis.Inthe16thcenturyseveralversionsEnglishtoordinarypeople.TheElizabethanperiod

oftheBiblehelpedbringwrittenisalsofamousforitsdramaandShakespeare’splayswereseenbymanypeople.Thedevelopmentofprintinghelpedestablishedstandardsofspellingandgrammar,butthereremainedalotofvariation.SamuelJohnson’sADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguages(1755)wasthefirstauthoritativeofEnglish.Itdefinedabout40,000wordsandgaveexamplesoftheiruse.Bythe18thcenturyAmericanEnglishwasestablishedanddevelopingindependentlyfromBritishEnglish.AftercolonistsarrivedintheUSnewwordsbegantobeaddedfromNativeAmericanlanguages,andfromFrenchandSpanish.In1783,soonafterJohnson’sdictionarywaspublished,NoahWebster’sTheElementarySpellingBookwaspublishedintheUS.AtfirstitusedJohnson’sspellings,butlatereditionscontainedmanyofwhathavecometobeknownasAmericanspellings,.harborandfavorite.2othcenturyEnglish:duringthe19thandearly20thcenturiesmanydictionariesandbooksaboutlanguagewerepublished.NewwordsarestillbeingaddedtoEnglishfromotherlanguages,includingChinese(fengshui)andJapanese(karaoke).Existingwordsgainnewsenses,andnewexpressionsspreadquicklythroughtelevisionandtheInternet.Englishisnowaninternationallanguageandisusedasameansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplefrommanycountries.AsaresulttheinfluencesontheEnglishlanguagearewiderthaneveranditispossiblethatWorldEnglishwillmoveawayfromusingaBritishorAmericanstandardandestablishitsowninternationalidentity.2.WinstonChurchill(1874-1965):apoliticianwhoisrememberedasoneofBritain’sgreateststatesmen.HewasthesonoftheConservativepoliticianLordRandolphChurchillandhisAmericanwifeJennie.AsayoungmanheservedasasoldierinIndiaandEgypt,andasajournalistinSouthAfrica,beforeenteringradiospeechesduringWorldWarⅡgavetheBritishpeopleastrongdeterminationtowinthewar,especiallyattimesofgreatcrisis.ExamplesofChurchill’sphraseswilloftenquotedtodayare“Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat”,and“Thiswastheirfinesthour”.TheConservativePartyledbyChurchilllosttheelectionof1945,buthebecamePrimeMinisteragainfrom1951to1955whenheretired,aged80.WhenhediedinJan1965hewasgivenastatefuneral.JuliusCaesar(100-44BC):thebest-knownofalltheancientRomanleaders,andthefirstonwtolandinBritainwithanarmy.Hedidthistwice,in55and54BC,althoughBritaindidnotbecomepartoftheRomanEmpireuntilnearlyahundredyearslater.4.Viking:amemberofapeople

fromScandinaviawhoattackedpartsofnorthern

andwesternEurope,includingBritainandIreland,inthe8thto11thcenturies.InBritaintheywerealsoknownasNorsemen.TheysettledontheScottishislandsandinareasofeasternEngland,andtheDanishKingCanuteruledEnglandfrom1016.TheVikingswerefearedasviolentandcruel,buttheywerealsonotedfortheirskillinbuildingshipsandassailors.TheyhadanimportantinfluenceonEnglishcultureandtheEnglishlanguage.5.Norman:anyofthepeoplefromNormandyinnorthernFrancewhosettledinEnglandaftertheirleaderWilliamdefeatedtheEnglishkingattheBattleofHastingsin1066.TheNormanstookcontrolofthecountry,aprocessknownastheNormanConquest.TheyusedmanyoftheexistingAnglo-Saxonmethodsofgovernmentofthestateandthechurch,butaddedimportantaspectsoftheirownandmadegovernmentmuchmoreeffective.ThelanguageofgovernmentbecamefirstLatin,andthenNormanFrench,andthiscausedmanynewwordstobeaddedtotheexistingEnglishlanguage..LanguageStudymassive:largeinscale,amount,ordegreeeg.Theancienttemple’smassivestonepillarshadbeguntocrumble.Thescaleoftheproblemissomassivethatitwillrequireallourresourcestodealwithit.snack:asmallmealeg.Iusuallyhaveasnackofahamburgerandaglassofcokeatlunchtime.Thechildreninthekindergartenhaveamidmorningsnackofmilkandbiscuits.corrupt:1)causeerrorstoappearineg.TheAcademyruledthatsuchforeignexpressionswerenotpermitted,astheycorruptedthelanguage.2)causetoactdishonestlyinreturnforpersonalgainseg.Toourgreatsurprise,theformermayorturnedouttohavebeencorruptedbythedesireformoneyandpower.4.ban:forbidsthofficially(usedinthepattern:bansbfromsth./doingsth.)eg.Thelocalgovernmentwillbansmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.Tomwasbannedfromdrivingforsixmonthsafterbeingcaughtspeedingagain.n.ban(followedbyon)eg.Thegovernmentisconsideringatotalbanoncigaretteadvertising.5.invent:1)invent:1)makeordesign

（sth.tathasnotexistedbefore

）;create(sth.)Examples:JamesWattinventedthesteamengine.AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephone.2)give(aname,reason,etc.thatdoesn'texistorisnottrue)Examples:Allthecharactersinthenovelareinvented.

一Standingstillintheteacher’soffice,theboytriedtoinventaplausibleexcuseforhisabsencefromclass.Cf::invent,discoverIfsomebodyinventssomething,theyarethefirstpersontothink

ofit

ormakeit.Example:WalterHuntandEliasHoneinventedthesewingmachine.Ifsomebodydiscoverssomething,theyfindoutaboutsomethingwhichexistsbutwhichwasnotpreviouslyknown.Example:TheplanetPlutowasdiscoveredin1930.:ofgreatinterestorattractionExamples:ThestoryofhisadventuresintheArcticwasfascinatingtolistento.Ifoundthediscussionaboutcloningabsolutelyfascinating.ItisfascinatingtoimaginewhatmighthavehappenediftheUShadnotdeclaredwaragainstJapaninWorldWarII.speaking:ifoneuseswords,appliesrules,heirexactsenseExample:He'snotstrictlyspeakingmartist;heismoreofaperformer.Strictlyspeakingshewasnotqualifiedforthejob-Butweemployedherbecauseofher1)thequalityofallowingotherpeopletosayanddoastheylike,evenifyoudon'tagreeorapproveofit(followedby4扮r)Examples:Schoolteachershavetohaveagreatdealoftoleranceinordertodealwithdifficultchildren.Ithinktolerancebetweenstudentsisextremelynecessarysincetheyliveandstudytogether.theabilitytobearsth.painfulorunpleasant(followedbyof/for)Examples:Humanbeingshavelimitedtoleranceofnoise.Thepatienthadnotoleranceforpan.Wheneverhewasinjectedhewouldcry.a(veryreal,certain,etc.)extent:tothedegreespecifiedExamples:Iagreewithhimtosomeextentbuttherearesti11someareasofsharpdisagreementbetweenus.Tosomeextentthewaterpollutionhasaffectedlocalresidents.Toacertainextentthefailureoftherestaurantwasduetobadmanagement.historyofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity-··:ThehistoryofEnglishisrevealedinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity.1)sth.youmusthaveinordertoliveproperlyordosth.Examples:Waterisabasicnecessityoflife.AlotofpeoplewouldconsideraTVasmoreofanecessitythanaluxuryitem.Theworkers’wagesweresolowthattheyhardlyhadenoughmoneytobuythebarenecessitiesoflife.2)circumstancesthatforceonetodost11.;thestateofbeingnecessary;theneedforsth.(followedbyoff/for)Thereisabsolutelynonecessityforyoutobeinvolvedintheproject.Theyreachedmagreementonthenecessityofeducationalreform12.rouse:provoke(aparticularfeelingorattitude)Examples:Theseeducationaltoysgivechildrenafeelingofself-worthbyarousingtheirinterestinchallengingtasks.Theman'sstrangebehaviorarousedthepolicemansuspicions.:givein(followedbyω)Examples:Afterseveralweeksofsevereattacks,Afghanistan'sTalibanforcessurrenderedtotheNorthernAlliance:AfterthebombsfellonHiroshimaandNagasaki,theJapanesesurrendered.We’llneversurrendertoterrorismdespitetheterroristattacks.:forthemostpart,almostExamples:It'svirtuallyimpossibletotelltheimitationfromthemalthing.Ithasbeenrainingvirtuallynon-stopforthepastseveraldays.:enterwitharmedforcesExamples:InJuly1937theJapanesearmyinvadedChina.TheGermansinvadedPolandin1939,1eadingtothestartofWorldWarII.:stI1·thatpeoplecan't,orhavenotbeenabletounderstandorexplainExamples:Thepolitician'ssuddendeathremainsamysterytousall.HowEgyptianpyramidswerebuiltstillremainsamystery.Noonehaseverbeenabletoexp1出nthemysteryoftheBermudaTriangle.:belikeorsimilartoExamples:I’dsayheresembleshismothermorethanhisfather-,Inhischildhood,StevieWonderlovedmusicandwouldpoundspoonsorforksonanysurfacethatresembledadrum.:doneaccordingtoasystemExamples:Ourprofessornotonlyimpartslq10Wledgetous,butalsoteachesushowtoreadbooksinasystematicway.Thestaffmadeasystematicchecktomakesurethatnonamehadbeenomittedfromtheregister.:comedown(fromasource),godown(followedbyfrom)Examples:Theseideasdescendfromthoseoftheancientphilosophers.TheJapanesearethoughttobedescendedfromtribesfromthenorthofChina.:1)causetobe,setupExamples:Theschoolwasestablishedin1905byanItalianprofessor.Thebankhelpspeoplewantingtoestablishtheirbusiness.2)placeorsettlesb/oneselfinaposition,anoffice,etc.(usedinthepattern:establishsb/oneselfas)Examples:Theyarerapidlyestablishingthemselvesasthemarketleaders.Sheestablishedherfameasmactress.:moveorgosomewhereinaslowcasualwayExamples:JimmyspenttheyeardriftingaroundEurope.Asruralfactoriesshedlabor,peopledrifttowardsthecities.Thefootballmatchwasover,andthecrowdsdriftedawayfromthestadium.:(anareaoraregionwith)aregularpatternofweatherconditionsExamples:BroughtupinthesouthofChina,shewouldn'tenjoylivinginsuchacoldclimate.Duetothegreenhouseeffect,changesintheearth'sclimatehavetakenplace-(sth.)onto(sb.):handorgive(st11.)to(sb.)Examples:Whenyouhavefinishedreadingthenovel,pleasepassitontoLaura.TheKingpassedonmuchofhisfortunetotheprincess.:apersonorthingadded(followedbyto)Examples:ThebabyisawelcomeadditiontotheSmithfamily.Theyoungprofessorwillbeamostvaluableadditiontoourboard.:takepossessionandcontrolof(acountry,city,etc.)byforce;defeatExamples:Afghanistan'sNorthernAllianceconqueredKabu