LSAT考試預(yù)測模擬試題及答案

實用文檔LSAT考試預(yù)測模擬試題及答案LSAT考試測模擬試題及答案一文是本站特為考生朋友們搜集整理來的，希望這篇預(yù)測模擬試及答案可以幫到大家TakingtheSampleTestUnderSimulatedLSATConditionsOneimportantwaytoprepareforLSATistosimulatethedayofthetestbytakingapracticetestunderactualtimeconstraints.Takingapracticetestundertimedconditionshelpsyoutoestimatetheamountoftimeyoucanaffordtospendoneachquestioninsectionandtodeterminethequestiontypesonwhichyoumayneedadditionalpractice.SincetheLSATisatimedtest,itisimportantuseyourallottedtimewisely.Duringthetest,youmayworkonlyonthesectiondesignatedbythetestsupervisor.Youcannotdevoteextratimetoadifficultsectionandmakeupthattimeonsectionyoufindeasier.Inyourself,andcheckingyouranswers,youshouldthinkofeachsectionthetestasaseparateminitest.Bethatyouanswereveryonthetest.Whenyoudonotknowthecorrectanswertoquestion,firsteliminatetheresponsesthatyouknowareincorrect,thenmakeyourbestguessamongtheremainingchoices.Donotbeafraidtoguessasthereisnopenaltyforincorrectanswers.Whenyoutakethesamplefollows,abidebyalltherequirementsspecifiedindirectionsandkeepstrictlywithinthespecifiedtimelimits.Workwithoutarestperiod.Whenyoutakeanactualtestyouwillhaveonlyashortbreak—usually10-15minutes—afterSECTIONIII.Whentakenunderconditionsasmuchlikeactualtestingconditionsaspossible,theprovidesveryusefulpreparationfortakingtheLSAT.Officialdirectionsforthefourmultiple-choicesectionsandthesampleareincludedinthissampletestsothatyoucanapproximateactualtestingconditionsasyoupractice.Totakethetest:Setatimerfor35minutes.AnswerallthequestionsinSECTIONI.Stopworkingonthatwhenthe35minuteshaveelapsed.Repeat,allowingyourself35minuteseachforsectionsII,andIV.Setthetimeragainfor35prepareyourresponsetothewritingsampleattheendthistest.Referto“ComputingYourScore”on120inthisbookforinstructiononevaluatingyourperformance.Ananswerkeyisforthispurpose.HowThisSampleTestDiffersFroman.

實用文檔ThissampletestismadeupofthescoredsectionsfromtheactualdisclosedLSATin1996andthewritingsampletopic(withminoreditorialrevisions)administeredinDecember2002.However,thesampletestdoesnotcontainextra,variablesectionthatistonewtestitemsofoneofthethreemultiple-choicequestiontypes.Thethreemultiple-choicequestiontypesmaybeinadifferentorderinanactualLSATthaninthissampletest.Thisisbecausetheorderofthesequestiontypesisintentionallyvariedforadministrationofthetest.actualtestcontainssectionheadersattopofeachpagethatarenotincludedinthistest.TheWritingThewritingsampleisnotscoredbutusedbyadmissionpersonneltoassesswritingYourwritingsamplecopiedsenttoschoolstowhichyoudirectyourLSATscore.Somewritingsampleprompts,orvariationsofthem,maybegivenatmoreoneLSATadministration.BeginningwiththeJune2005LSAT,thetimeallottedforthewritingsample35minutes,twopagesofwritingspace.Scratchpaperisforuseduringthewritingsampleportionthetestonly.ScratchpapercannotbeusedinothersectionsoftheLSAT.SECTIONITime—35minutes25QuestionsDirections:Thequestionsinsectionarebasedonthereasoningcontainedbriefstatementsorpassages.Forsomequestions,morethanofthechoicescouldconceivablyanswerthequestion.However,youaretochoosetheanswer;thatis,theresponsethataccuratelyandcompletelyanswersthequestion.Younotmakeassumptionsthatarebycommonsensestandardsimplausible,superfluous,orincompatiblewiththeAfteryouhavechosenbestanswer,blackenthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.1.FrenchrecentlyfoundalargecavealongthecoastoftheMediterraneanSea.Thecaveisaccessibleonlythroughanunderwatertunnel.Theoftheiscompletelyfilledwithseawaterandcontainsnumerouslargestalagmites,whichstonythatformwhendropsofwaterfallrepeatedlyaspotonacavefloor,leavingmineraldepositsthataccumulateovertime.Theinformationabovemoststronglysupportswhichoneoffollowing?(A)TheMediterraneanSeawasathigherlevelinthepastthanitisnow.(B)Thewaterlevelwithinthecaveishigheritoncewas..

實用文檔(C)TheFrenchdiverswerethefirstpeoplewhoknewthattunnelleadingtothecaveexisted.(D)Therewasonceanentrancetothecavebesidestheunderwatertunnel.(E)SeawaterinMediterraneanhaslowermineralcontentnowthanithadwhenstalagmiteswerebeingformed.2.AdirectoroftheRexxPharmaceuticalCompanyarguedthatthedevelopmentcostsfornewvaccinesthatthehealthdepartmenthasrequestedshouldbesubsidizedbythegovernment,sincethemarketingofvaccinespromisedtobeprofitablethanmarketingofanyotherpharmaceuticalproduct.Insupportofthisclaimthedirectorarguedthatsalesofvaccinesarelikelytobelowersinceeachvaccineisadministeredtoapatientonlyonce,whereasmedicinesthatcombatdiseasesandillnessesareadministeredmanytimespatient.Whichoneofthefollowing,mostweakensthesupportofferedbythecompanyfortheclaimconcerningthemarketingofvaccines?(A)Vaccinesareadministeredtomanymorepeoplethanaremostotherpharmaceuticalproducts.(B)ofthediseasesthatvaccinesaredesignedpreventbesuccessfullytreatedbymedicines.(C)Pharmaceuticalcompaniesoccasionallymarketproductsthatareneithermedicinesnorvaccines.(D)PharmaceuticalcompaniesotherthanPharmaceuticalproducevaccines.(E)Thecostofadministeringavaccineisbornebythepharmaceuticalcompanythatmanufacturesthatvaccine.3.Manager:Ournewnetwork,theofwhichistoincreaseproductivity,canbeinstalledduringtheday,whichwoulddisruptemployeeswork,orelseatwhichwouldentailmuchhigherinstallationSincesavingmoneyisimportant,weshouldhavenetworkinstalledduringtheday.Themanager’sargumentwhichonethefollowing?(A)Themonetaryvaluethenetworkequipmentwouldnotexceedthecosthavingtheequipmentinstalledatnight.(B)Themonetaryvalueanyproductivitylostduringadaytimeinstallationwouldbelessthandifferencebetweendaytimeandnighttimeinstallationcosts.(C)Adaytimeinstallationwouldbecompletedbynolargeracrewandwouldtakethecrewnomoretimethanwouldanighttimeinstallation..

實用文檔(D)Oncethenetworkhasbeeninstalled,mostofthecompany’semployeesbeabletouseitimmediatelytoincreasetheirproductivity.(E)Mostofthe’semployeeswouldbeabletoworkproductivelywhileainstallationisinprogress.4.AningredientinmarijuanaknownasTHChasbeenfoundtoinactivateherpesvirusesinexperiments.Inpreviousexperimentsresearchersfoundthatinactivatedherpesvirusescanconverthealthycellsintocancercanbeconcludedthatuseofmarijuanacancausecancer.Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?(A)Severalteamsofscientistsperformedthevariousexperimentsandoftheteamshadsimilarresults.(B)ThecarcinogenicofTHCcouldbeneutralizedbytheotheringredientsfoundinmarijuana.(C)WhenTHCherpesvirusesitimmunesystem,anditmightthusthebodyabilitytofightotherviruses,includingviruseslinkedtocancers.(D)IfchemistsmodifythestructureofTHCcanbesafelyincorporatedintomedicationspreventherpes.(E)Tolessentheundesirablesideeffectsofchemotherapy,theuseofmarijuanahasbeenrecommendedforcancerpatientswhoarefreeoftheherpesvirus.5.Archaeologist:Alargecorporationhasrecentlyofferedtoprovidefundingrestoreanarchaeologicalsiteandtoconstructfacilitiestomakethesitereadilyaccessibletogeneralpublic.Therestorationwillconformtothebestcurrenttheoriesabouthowthesiteappearedtheheightoftheancientcivilizationthatit.Thisoffershouldberejected,however,becausemanypartsofthesitecontainunexaminedevidence.Whichoneofthefollowingprinciples,ifjustifiesthearchaeologist’sargument?(A)Theownershipofarchaeologicalsitesshouldnotunderthecontrolofbusinessinterests.(B)Anyrestorationofanarchaeologicalsiteshouldrepresentonlythemostancientperiodofthatsitehistory.(C)Nooneshouldmakejudgmentsaboutwhatconstitutestheofanothercivilization.(D)Onlythosewithtrueconcernforanarchaeological’shistoryinvolvedinrestorationofthatsite..

實用文檔(E)Theriskoflosingevidencerelevanttofuturetheoriesshouldoutweighanyadvantagesofdisplayingtheresultsofalreadydeveloped.6.Besidesinherownnest,femalewoodlayanegginthenestofanotherfemalewoodducksheseestheotherduckleavinghernest.Undernaturalnestingconditions,thisparasiticisrelativelyrarebecausetheducks’nestsarewellhidden.However,whenputupnestingboxeshelptheducksbreed,actuallyundercuttheducks’reproductiveefforts.Thesenestingboxesbecomesocrowdedwithextraeggsthatfew,ifany,oftheeggsthoseboxeshatch.Thestatementsabove,iftrue,mostsupportwhichoneofthefollowing?(A)Femalewoodduckswillestablishnestsinnestboxesonlywhennaturalnestingsitesareavailable.(B)Nestingduckswhooftenotherfemalewoodducksaresuccessfulintheirbreedingefforts.(C)Thenestingboxesforwoodduckshavespaceforeggsthandonaturalsites.(D)Thenestingboxeswouldbemoreeffectivehelpingwoodducksbreediftheywerelessvisibletootherwoodducksthantheycurrentlyare.(E)Nestingboxesareneededtosupplementthenaturalnestingsitesofwoodducksbecauseofthedestructionofmuchoftheducks’habitat.7.Thecruxofcreativityresidesintheabilitymanufacturevariationsonatheme.Ifwelookatthehistoryofscience,forinstance,weseeeveryideaisbuiltuponarelatedideas.Carefulanalysisleadsustounderstandthatwhatwechoosetocallanewthemeoranewdiscoveryisitselfandwithoutexceptionsomesortofvariation,onadeeplevel,ofpreviousthemes.Ifallofthestatementsinthearetrue,eachofthefollowingmustbetrue(A)Alackofabilitytomanufactureavariationonathemeconnotesalackofcreativity.(B)Noscientificideaisentirelyindependentofotherideas.(C)Carefulanalysisofspecificvariationcanrevealpreviousthemesofwhichitavariation.(D)Allgreatscientificdiscoverershavebeenablemanufactureavariationonatheme.(E)Somenewscientificdiscoveriesnotrepresent,onadeeplevel,variationonpreviousthemes.[page]8.MillionsoffemalebatsreartheirpupsinCave.Althoughmothersallleavethecavenightly,ontheireachmotherisalmostalwaysreunitedwithherownSince.

實用文檔thebats’callsaretheironlymeansoffindingoneanother,andabatpupcannotdistinguishthecallofitsmotherfromofanyotheradultbat,itisclearthateachmotherbatrecognizethecallofherpup.Theargumentseekstodowhichonethefollowing?(A)derivegeneralconclusionaboutallmembersofgroupfromfactsknownaboutrepresentativemembersofthatgroup(B)establishthevalidityofoneexplanationaphenomenonbyexcludingalternativeexplanations(C)support,bydescribingasuitablemechanism,thehypothesisthatacertainphenomenoncanoccur(D)concludethatmembersoftwogroupslikelytoshareacertainabilitybecauseofothercharacteristicstheyshare(E)demonstratethatageneralruleappliesinparticularcase9.Someonewhogetssickfromoftendevelopastrongdistastefortheonefoodinthemealthathadthemostdistinctiveflavor,whetherornotthatfoodthesickness.Thisphenomenonexplainswhychildrenespeciallylikelytodevelopaversionstofoods.Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestsupportfortheexplanation?(A)Childrenaremorelikelythanadultstobegivenmealscomposedoffoodsespeciallydistinctiveflavors.(B)Childrenarelesslikelythanadultstoseeaconnectionbetweentheirhealththefoodstheyeat.(C)Childrentendtohavemoreacutetasteandtobecomesickmoreoftenthando.(D)Childrentypicallyrecovermoreslowlythanadultsdosicknessbyfood.(E)Childrenaremorelikelythanareadultstotoeatunfamiliarfoods.10.Premiumsforautomobileaccidentinsuranceareoftenforredcarsthanforcarsothercolors.Tojustifythesehighercharges,insurancecompaniesclaimthat,overall,agreaterpercentageofredcarsareinvolvedinaccidentsthanareofanyothercolor.Ifthisclaimistrue,thenlivescouldundoubtedlybesavedbyredcarsfromtheroadsaltogether.Thereasoningintheargumentisbecausetheargument(A)acceptswithoutquestionthatinsurancecompanieshavetherighttohigherpremiumsforhigher-riskclients.

實用文檔(B)failstowhetherredcarscostthesametorepairascarsofothercolors(C)ignoresthepossibilitythatdriverswhodriverecklesslyapreferenceforredcars(D)doesnotspecifypreciselywhatpercentageofredcarsareinvolvedinaccidents(E)makesanunsupportedassumptionthateveryautomobileaccidentresultsof11.Acertaincredit-cardcompanyawardsitscustomersbonuspointsforusingitscreditcard.Customerscanusepointsinthepurchaseofbrandnamemerchandiseatpriceslowerthanthemanufacturers’suggestedretailprices.anygiventime,therefore,customerswhomerchandiseusingthebonuspointsspendlessthantheywouldspendiftheypurchasedthesamemerchandiseinretailstores.Whichoneofthefollowingisassumptiononwhichtheargumentdepends?(A)Themerchandisethatcanbeorderedbymailusingthebonusnotofferedatlowerpricesbyothercredit-cardcompaniesthatawardbonuspoints.(B)Thebonuscannotbeusedbythecreditcardcustomersinthepurchaseofbrandnamemerchandisethatisnotavailableforpurchaseinretailstores.(C)Thecredit-cardcompanydoesnotrequirecustomerstoaccumulatealargeofbonuspointsbeforebecomingtoordermerchandiseatpriceslowerthemanufacturers’suggestedretailprice.(D)Theamountcredit-cardcustomerspayforshippingthemerchandiseorderedbydoesnotincreasetheamountcustomersspendtoanamountgreaterthantheywouldspendiftheypurchasedthesamemerchandiseinretail(E)Themerchandiseavailabletothecompany’scredit-cardcustomersusingthebonuspointsisfrequentlysoldinretailstoresatarethemanufacturers’suggestedretailprices.12.Itisprobablynottruethatcolicininfantsiscausedbytheinabilityofthoseinfantstotoleratecertainantibodiesfoundincow’smilk,sinceisoftenthecasethatsymptomsofcolicareshownbyinfantsthatarefedbreastmilkexclusively.Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?(A)Astudyinvolving500setsoftwinshasfoundthatifoneinfanthascolic,itswillprobablyalsohavecolic.(B)Symptomsofcolicgenerallydisappearasinfantsgrowolder,whethertheinfantshavebeenbreastmilkexclusivelyorhavebeeninfantformulacontainingcow’smilk..

實用文檔(C)Inastudyof5,000infantswhowerefedonlyinfantformulacontainingcow’smilk,over4,000oftheinfantsneverdisplayedanyofcolic.(D)Whenmothersofinfantsthatarefedonlybreastmilkcow’smilkallproductsmadefromcow’smilktheirowndiets,colicsymptomsthattheirinfantsmanifesteddisappear.(E)Infantsthatarefedbreastmilkdevelopmaturedigestivesystemsatanagedothosethatarefedinfantformulas,andinfantswithmaturedigestivesystemsarebetterabletotoleratecertainproteinsandantibodiesfoundincowmilk.Questions13–14Yolanda:Gainingaccesstocomputerswithoutauthorizationandmanipulatingthedataandprogramstheycontainiscomparabletojoyridinginstolencars;bothinvolvebreakingintoprivatepropertyandtreatingitrecklessly.Joyriding,however,isthemoredangerouscrimebecauseitphysicallyendangerspeople,whereasonlyintellectualpropertyisharmedthecaseofcrimes.Arjun:Idisagree!Forexample,unauthorizeduseofmedicalrecordssystemsinhospitalscoulddatasystemsonwhichhumanlivesdepend,thereforecomputercrimesalsocausephysicalharmtopeople.13.AnissueindisputebetweenandArjunis(A)whetherjoyridingphysicallyendangershumanlives(B)whethertheunauthorizedmanipulationofcomputerdatainvolvesdamagetoprivateproperty(C)whethertophysicalpropertyiscriminalthandamagetointellectualproperty(D)whethertheunauthorizeduseofcomputersisasdangeroustoasisjoyriding(E)whethertreatingprivatepropertyrecklesslyiseverdangerouscrime14.ThereasoninginArjun’sresponseisflawedbecausehe(A)failstoadistinctionmadeinYolandaargument(B)deniesYolanda’sconclusionwithoutprovidingevidenceagainstit(C)reliesontheactualityofphenomenonthathasonlyshownbepossible(D)somethingthatleadstohisconclusionforsomethingthatisnecessaryforhisconclusion(E)usesasevidenceaphenomenonthatisinconsistentwithconclusion.

實用文檔15.AreportofagovernmentsurveyconcludedCenterCitywasamongthecitiesinnationwiththehighestdropoutratefromitsTheobtainedbyaskingallcityresidentsovertheageof19whethertheywereschoolgraduatesandcomputingtheproportionwhowerenot.Acityschoolofficialthatresultdidnotseemaccurateaccordingtoschoolsfigures.Theschoolofficialcanmostproperlycriticizethereasoningbywhichthesurveyreportreacheditsresultforfailuretodowhichoneofthefollowing?(A)takeintoaccountinstancesofrespondentsdroppingoutthatoccurredbeforetherespondentsreachedhighschool(B)askresidentswhethertheyhadcompletedtheirhighschoolinfewerthantheusualnumberofyears(C)distinguishbetweenresidentswhohadattendedcity’sschoolsandthosewhohadreceivedtheirschoolingelsewhere(D)predicttheoftheinformationcontainedinthereportonfuturehighdropoutratesforthecity(E)considerwhetherafromthecityschoolssignaledthesamelevelofachievementovertime16.Browndwarfs—dimredstarsthataretoocooltoburn—areverysimilarinappearancetoreddwarfstars,whicharejusthottohydrogen.Stars,whenfirstformed,substantialamountsoftheelementlithium.starsbutthecoolestofthebrowndwarfshottodestroylithiumcompletelybyconvertingtohelium.Accordingly,anystarfoundthatcontainsnolithiumisnotoneofthesecoolestbrowndwarfs.Theargumentdependsassumingwhichoneofthefollowing?(A)Noneofthebrowndwarfshotenoughtodestroylithium.(B)Moststarsthataretootohydrogenaretoocooltodestroylithiumcompletely.(C)Browndwarfsthatnothotenoughtodestroyarehotenoughtodestroy(D)Moststars,whenfirstformed,containroughlythesamepercentageoflithium.(E)Nostarsaremoreinappearancetoreddwarfsthanarebrown17.Whenevercompanylosesamajorliabilitylawsuit,thevaluethecompany’sstocksfallssignificantlywithinhoursaftertheannouncement.Cotoyhaslonginvolvedinamajor.

實用文檔product-liabilitylawsuit,anditsstocksfellsignificantlyinvaluetoday.Therefore,wecanbesurethatanunfavorablejudgmentagainstCotoyinthatlawsuitannouncedtoday.Whichoneofthefollowingcontainsflawedreasoningthatmostcloselyparallelsthatintheargumentabove?(A)Wheneverbusinessitscustomersdiscourteously,itscustomersbegintoshopelsewhere.Shopwellwantstokeepallofitscustomers;therefore,itsemployeeswillnevertreatcustomersdiscourteously.(B)Wheneverthelargeairlinesdecreasefares,thefinancialstabilityofsmallercompetingairlinesisadverselyaffected.Therefore,thesmallercompetingairlines’financialstabilitymustbeseriouslythreatenedwhenthelargeannouncealargepricedecrease.(C)Wheneveracountryshowsalackleadershiponinternationalissues,respectthecountry’spoliciesbeginstodecline.Therefore,togainrespectforitspolicies,acountryshouldshowleadershiponinternationalissues.(D)WheneverenteringstudentatCashmanCollegewinsthePerformanceFellowship,heorshereceives$10,000.Therefore,Eula,astudentwhohasenrolledatCashman,musthavewonPerformanceFellowship,becauseshejustreceived$10,000fromcollege.(E)Whenevercompanyadvertisesitsproductsthecompany’ssalesincrease.Oroco’ssaleshavenotincreased;therefore,islikelythatthecompanydidnotadvertiseitsproductseffectively.18.InrecentyearsclimategenerallycoolinnorthernAsia.ButwhentheaveragedailytemperatureandhumidityinnorthernAsiawereslightlyhigherthantheirnormallevelstheyieldsofmostcropsgrownthereincreasedsignificantly.Inthenextcentury,theincreaseddailytemperatureandhumidityattainedduringthoseareexpectedbecomethenorm.Yetscientistspredictthattheyearlyofmostoftheregioncropswilldecreasethenextcentury.Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoresolvetheapparentparadoxintheinformationabove?(A)CropyieldsinAsiaexpectedtoremainconstantevenaftertheaveragedailytemperatureandhumiditythereincreaserecentlevels.(B)Anyincreasesintemperatureandhumiditywouldbeaccompaniedbylevelsofatmosphericcarbondioxide,whichisvitaltoplantrespiration.(C)Theclimateinhasgenerallybeentoocooldryinrecentyearsforpopulationsofmanycropinsectpeststobecomeestablished..

實用文檔(D)InmanypartsofAsia,theincreasedannualprecipitationthatwouldresultfromandclimateswouldcausemostedibleplantspeciestoflourish.(E)TherecentclimateofnorthernAsiapreventsmanycropsfrombeingfarmedtherethewinter.[page]19.NooneintheFrenchdepartmenttowhichProfessorAlbanbelongsisallowedtoteachmorethanoneintroductorylevelclassinanyoneterm.Moreover,theonlyclassesbeingtaughtnexttermareadvancedones.SoitisuntruethatbothoftheclassesProfessorAlbanbeteachingnexttermwillbeintroductorylevelclasses.Thepatternofreasoningdisplayedintheargumentaboveismostcloselyparalleledbythatinwhichoneofthefollowingarguments?(A)TheMorrisonBuildingwillbefullyoccupiedMayandsinceifabuildingisoccupiedbyMaythenewtaxratesapplytotheMorrisonBuildingwillbetaxedaccordingtothenewrates.(B)Therevisedtaxcodedoesnotapplyatallbuildingsbuiltbefore1900,andonlyfirstsectionoftherevisedcodeappliestobuildingsbuiltbetweenand1920,sotherevisednotapplytotheNortonBuilding,sinceitwasbuiltin1873.(C)AllpropertyonOvertonRoadwillbereassessedfortaxpurposesbytheendoftheyearandElnorCompanyheadquartersisonOvertonRoad,soElnor’spropertytaxeswillbeyear.(D)NewbuildingsincludespaceareexemptcitytaxesfortwoyearsandallbuildingsinthecityAltondistrictareforfiveyears,sothewiththelargepublicspacethatwasrecentlycompletedinAltonwillnotbesubjecttocitytaxesyear.(E)Sinceaccordingtorecentstatute,buildingthatisexemptfrompropertytaxesischargedforcitywaterataspecialrate,andalsexemptfrompropertytaxes,Founder’sHospitalwillbechargedforcitywaterthespecialrate.Questions20–21Somepeoplehavebeenpromotingaherbalmixtureasaremedyforthecommoncold.Themixturecontains,amongotherthings,extractsoftheplantspurpleconeflowergoldenseal.Asufferer,skepticaloftheclaimthatthemixtureisaneffectivecoldremedy,argued,“Supposethatthemixturewereaneffectivecoldremedy.Sincemostpeoplewithcoldswishtorecoveritfollowsthatalmosteverybodywithacoldwouldbeusingit.Therefore,sincetherearemanypeoplewhohavecoldsbutdonotusethemixture,itisobviouslynoteffective.”20.ofthefollowingisanassumptionrequiredbytheskeptical’sargumentEXCEPT:(A)Enoughofthemixtureisprovidetherequireddosesalmosteverybodywithacold.(B)Themixturedoesnotsideeffectssevereenoughtomakemanypeoplewhohavecoldsavoidusingit..

實用文檔(C)Themixtureispowerfulenoughtopreventalmosteverybodywhousesfromcontractingfurthercolds.(D)Themixtureiswidelyknownthatalmosteverybodywithacoldisawareofit.(E)Therearenoeffectivecoldavailablethatmanywhohavecoldsprefertothemixture.21.Whichoneofthefollowingaccuratelydescribesthemethodofreasoningthecoldsuffererusestoreachtheconclusionoftheargument?(A)findingaclaimtobefalseonthegroundsthatwouldiftrueconsequencesthatarefalse(B)acceptingaclaimonthebasisofpublicopinionoftheclaim(C)showingthatconditionsnecessarytoestablishthetruthofaclaimaremet(D)basinggeneralizationonarepresentativegroupinstances(E)showingthatameasureclaimedtobeeffectiveinachievingacertaineffectwouldactuallymakeachievingtheeffectmoredifficult22.Toholdcriminalsresponsiblefortheircrimesinvolvesfailuretorecognizethatcriminalactions,likeallactions,areultimatelyctsoftheenvironmentthatforgedtheagent’scharacter.Itisnotcriminalsbutinthelaw-abidingmajoritywhobytheiractionsdomosttocreateandmaintainthisenvironment.Therefore,itislaw-abidingpeoplewhoseactions,andnothingelse,makethemalonetrulyresponsibleforcrime.Thereasoningintheargumentismostvulnerabletocriticismonthegroundsthat(A)itexploitsanambiguityintheterm”bytwodifferentmeaningsofthewordasthoughtheyequivalent(B)itfailstodistinguishactionsthataresociallyacceptableandactionsaresociallyunacceptable(C)thewayitdistinguishescriminalsfromcrimesimplicitlydeniesthatsomeonebecomesacriminalsolelyinvirtueofcommittedcrime(D)itsconclusionisageneralizationofstatisticalevidencedrawnfromasmallminorityofthepopulation(E)itsconclusioncontradictsanimplicitprincipleonwhichanearlierpartoftheargumentisbased23.Chronicbackpainisusuallycausedaherniatedordegeneratedspinaldisk.casesthediskwillhavebeendamagedyearsbeforedevelops,andinfactanestimatedoneinfive.

實用文檔peopleovertheageof30hasaherniatedordegenerateddiskthatshowsnochronicsymptoms.Ifchronicpainlaterdevelopsinacase,itisgenerallybroughtaboutdeteriorationoftheabdominalandspinalmusclescausedbyinsufficientex