新概念英語第二冊(cè)筆記第84課

Lesson84Onstrike 罷工【Text】Busmenhavedecidedtogoonstrikenextweek.ThestrikeisduetobeginonTuesday.Nooneknowshowlongitwilllast.Thebusmenhavestatedthatthestrikewillcontinueuntilgeneralagreementisreachedaboutpayandworkingconditions.Mostpeoplebelievethatthestrikewilllastforatleastaweek.Manyownersofprivatecarsaregoingtooffer'freerides'topeopleontheirwaytowork.Thiswillrelievepressureonthetrainstosomeextent.Meanwhile,anumberofuniversitystudentshavevolunteeredtodrivebuseswhilethestrikelasts.Allthestudentsareexpertdrivers,butbeforetheydriveanyofthebuses,theywillhavetopassaspecialtest.Thestudentsaregoingtotakethetestintwodays'time.Evenso,peoplearegoingtofinditdifficulttogettowork.Butsofar,thepublichasexpresseditsgratitudetothestudentsinletterstothePress.Onlyoneortwopeoplehaveobjectedthatthestudentswilldrivetoofast!【課文翻譯】公共汽車司機(jī)決定下星期罷工。罷工定于星期二開始，誰也不知道會(huì)持續(xù)多久。司機(jī)們聲稱此次罷工將一直持續(xù)到就工資和工作條件問題達(dá)成全面協(xié)議的時(shí)候?yàn)橹?。多?shù)人認(rèn)為此次罷工至少會(huì)持續(xù)一個(gè)星期。很多私人汽車的車主正準(zhǔn)備為乘車上班的人們提供“免費(fèi)乘車”的服務(wù)，這將在某種程度上減輕對(duì)火車的壓力。與此同時(shí)，有一部分大學(xué)生自愿在罷工期間駕駛公共汽車。所有的學(xué)生都是開車的能手，但在駕駛公共汽車之前，他們必須通過一項(xiàng)專門測(cè)驗(yàn)。學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)備在兩天后就接受測(cè)驗(yàn)。即使這樣，人們?nèi)詴?huì)感到上班有困難。但到目前為止，公眾已經(jīng)向新聞界寫信表達(dá)他們對(duì)學(xué)生們的感激之情了。只有一兩個(gè)人提出反對(duì)意見，說學(xué)生們會(huì)把車開得太快！Newwordsandexpressions 生詞和短語striken.罷工busmann.公共汽車司機(jī)statev.正式提出，宣布agreementn.協(xié)議relievev.減輕pressuren.壓力，麻煩extentn.程度volunteerv.自動(dòng)提出，自愿gratituden.感激Pressn.新聞界objectv.不贊成，反對(duì)【生詞講解】1.strike1）n.罷工ageneralstrike大罷工；beonstrike在罷工beoutonstrike舉行罷工；goonstrike舉行罷工gooutonstrike實(shí)行罷工eg:Itisnotclearyetwhentheteachersonstrikewillreturntotheirclassrooms.目前還不清楚罷課的教師何時(shí)會(huì)回到教室去。2）n.進(jìn)攻、襲擊eg：Theymadeastrikeontheenemy.3）v.毆打、打擊、攻擊strikethekeys敲擊琴鍵；strikethekeyboard敲擊鍵盤eg：Theclockwillstrike12in5minutes.五分鐘之后這個(gè)鐘會(huì)敲響12點(diǎn)。eg：I'vestruckmyfootonastone.我把腳踢在石頭上了。eg：Hestruckthetableangrily.他氣得拍（或錘）桌子。vt.（鐘）敲響報(bào)時(shí)eg：Theclockhasjuststruckthree.鐘剛敲過三點(diǎn)vt.劃（火柴等）；打（火）eg：Thesematchesaretoowettostrike.火柴太濕，劃不著。vt.使…感到；使…突然想；給…以印象eg：Anideasuddenlystruckme.我突然想到一個(gè)主意。eg：Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.她的美貌給我留下了深刻的印象。 bestruckonsb/sth 非常喜歡某人/某事物eg:Heisstruckonhisnewgirlfriend.他非常喜歡他新交的女朋友。vi.罷工；鬧罷工strikefor/against（工人）罷工eg:Theworkersatthefactoryarestrikingformorepay.工廠工人為提高工資正在罷工。strikeachordwithsb與某人引起共鳴，打動(dòng)某人eg:Thespeakerobviouslystruckachordwithhisaudience.那位演講者顯然打動(dòng)了聽眾。busmann.公共汽車司機(jī)busstop公共汽車站；missthebus錯(cuò)過公共汽車、失掉機(jī)會(huì)aschoolbus校車；adouble-deckerbus雙層公共汽車statev.正式提出，宣布eg：Shestatedheropinion.她正式提出她的意見。eg：Shestatedthedateofherdeparture.她宣布她離開的日期。state+that……../以wh開頭的特殊疑問句eg：ThePrimeMinisterstatedthathewouldvisitCanadathenextyear.總理說，他將在明年訪問加拿大。eg：Hedidn’tstatewhetherthearticlewastrue.他沒有說明，這篇文章是否是真實(shí)的statement1）n.陳述、聲明、言明makeafalsestatement作出虛假陳述makeacorrectstatement作出正確的陳述eg：Icouldn’tbelievehisstatement.我簡直不敢相信他的發(fā)言（政府等的正式）聲明issueanofficialstatement官方聲明陳述句asimplestatement簡單的陳述句acompoundstatement 并列句acomplexstatement復(fù)合句staten.州、狀態(tài)theUnitedStatesofAmerica美利堅(jiān)合眾國eg：Howmanystatesarethereintheuniverse？宇宙中有多少物種存在的狀態(tài)？4.agreement1）（意見等）一致、贊成、同意←→disagreementeg：We’reallinagreementonthatpoint.我們都同意這一點(diǎn)nodtoshowone’sagreement點(diǎn)頭表示同意bymutualagreement經(jīng)彼此同意2）n.協(xié)議eg：Themeetingendedwhenwereachedanagreement.會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)我們達(dá)成了協(xié)議。＝Themeetingendedwhenwecametoanagreement.＝Themeetingendedwhenwearrivedatanagreement.atradeagreementbetweenChinaandtheU.S.中國和美之間的貿(mào)易協(xié)議breakanagreement違約＝violateanagreement違背協(xié)議5.relievev.減輕eg：Thedrugrelievedmytoothache.使（人）放心、安心、松一口氣eg：Thenewsrelievedme.＝Iwasrelievedatthenews.聽到這個(gè)消息,我感到安心了。解除（負(fù)擔(dān)、重負(fù)）；使快樂relievesbof使某人擺脫某事eg：Myassistantrelievedmeofallthechores.我的助理分擔(dān)了我我所有的瑣事。eg：Letmerelieveyouofyoursuitcase.我來幫你拿手提包吧。relieveone’sfeelings（以哭等）發(fā)泄感情relieveoneself去衛(wèi)生間、去方便一下、（本義）輕松一下relief1）寬慰、安心giveasighofrelief大舒一口氣＝haveasighofrelief松了一口氣eg：Itisagreatrelieftofindtheyaresafe.得知他們安然無恙,我感到極大的欣慰。eg：Willthismedicinegiveimmediaterelieffrompain？吃了這藥能馬上止痛嗎?toone’srelief令……感到放心的是；reliefworks失業(yè)救濟(jì)工程6.pressuren.壓力（精神上的）、沉重壓力eg：Ishesufferingfrompressureofwork？他患了工作的壓力？（社會(huì)的）壓力thepressureofapolitician政治的壓力壓力、壓迫eg：Ifeltthepressureofhishandonmyshoulder.我覺得他的手壓在我肩上apressureof60kgtothesquarefoot每平方英里60公斤的壓力bloodpressure血壓相關(guān)短語：athighpressure使勁干(處于高壓)；atlowpressure緊張putpressureon（upon）sb＝bringpressureon（upon）sb對(duì)某人施加壓力eg：Theyputpressureonmetosellmypreciousland.他們施加壓力要我賣掉我的寶貴的土地。＝Theybroughtpressureonmetosellmypreciousland.underthepressureof在...的壓力下；pressurecooker壓力鍋pressv.1）壓、按pressthebutton按按鈕eg：Thebagpressedhardagainstmyback.袋子重重壓在我的后背。2）催促（某人）、強(qiáng)迫（某人）eg：Pleasedon’tpressme.不要逼我。eg：Hepressedhisfathertobuyhimacar.他要求他父親為他買一輛新汽車pressforhigherwages要求提高工資pressforreforms逼迫改革7.extentn.程度、限度tosomeextent＝toacertainextent在某種程度上toagreatextent＝toalargeextent大部分eg：Iwasamazedattheextentofhisknowledge.我對(duì)他知識(shí)的淵博感到驚奇.totheextentthat＝tosuchanextentthat達(dá)到這樣的程度以致...,寬度、大小avastextentofland廣大的土地eg：Theroadisabout20milesinextent.障條路約20英里長。eg：Fromthehillwecanseethefullextentofthetown.從山上我們可以看到城市全景。8.volunteer1)v.自動(dòng)提出，自愿volunteerhelp主動(dòng)協(xié)助；volunteertodo志愿做某事eg：Themanvolunteeredtostop/prevent/keepthedrunkenmenfromfighting.該名男子自愿去勸阻醉漢從戰(zhàn)斗。volunteerfor自愿做……..；volunteerforthearmy志愿軍eg：Ivolunteerforhiselectioncampaign.我自愿為他的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)。2)n.志愿者eg：Arethereanyvolunteerfortheevent？這件事情有志愿者嗎？gratituden.感激←→ingratitude忘恩負(fù)義eg：I’dliketoexpressmygratitudetoyouforyouradvice.對(duì)您的建議我想表達(dá)我對(duì)您的感謝。outofgratitude出于感激；withgratitude感謝地Pressn.新聞界freedomofthepress出版自由；thedailypress日?qǐng)?bào)記者群、報(bào)導(dǎo)者的陣容eg：Thepresidentwillmeetthepressthisevening.今天晚上布什總統(tǒng)將會(huì)見記者。eg：Thepresswas/wereshutoutfromthesummitmeeting.在高級(jí)會(huì)議上記者被拒于門外。出版社oxfordUniversitypress牛津出版社pressconference記者招待會(huì)；pressrelease新聞稿pressagency通訊社；pressagent新聞廣告員11.object[?b?d?ekt]v.不贊成，反對(duì)eg：Thebossdoesn’tobjectifyousmokeinhisoffice.objectto反對(duì)、討厭（to是介詞）+doingstheg：Somemembersofthecommittee. 委員會(huì)的一些成員eg：Heobjectstobeingtreatedlikeachild.他討厭對(duì)像對(duì)孩子似地對(duì)待他。objectthat提出異議eg：Theyobjectedthattheschedulewastootight.他提出異議，說時(shí)間也太緊了。n.object東西、物體eg：Icouldseeashiningobjectinthesky.我可以看到一個(gè)物體在天空中閃耀。eg：What’sthatstrangeobjectinthebox？在箱子里有什么奇怪的東西嗎？對(duì)象、目標(biāo)anobjectofinterest有趣得東西＝anobjectofpity同情的對(duì)象目的、目標(biāo)＝aim/proposeeg：Hisobjectinlifeistobecomerich.他的生活目標(biāo)是致富。eg：What’sobjectofyourvisit？你來訪的目的是什嗎？objection[?b?d?ek??n]n.反對(duì)，異議；反對(duì)的理由eg：Doyouhaveanyobjections？你有任何異議？eg：HeraisedanobjectiontowhatIproposed.他提出了一個(gè)反對(duì)我的建議。eg：I’vegotnoobjectiontohisgoingthere.我沒有反對(duì)他去那里。【課文講解】Busmenhavedecidedtogoonstrikenextweek. ※goonstrike舉行罷工；beonstrike在罷工ThestrikeisduetobeginonTuesday. dueadj.定于（某時(shí)做某事）beduetodo將要做eg：Heisduetostartthisevening.他將于今天晚上開始eg：Hisnewnovelisduenextmonth.他的新作小說將于下月出版發(fā)行。到期的、滿期的eg：Hedidn’tpaytherentwhenitwasdue.到期的時(shí)候，他沒有支付租金。dueto由于……..歸因于、歸咎于 eg：Thegamewaspostponedduetorain. 比賽因下雨延期.eg：Herword-widefameisduetohissupport.她的舉世聞名歸因于他的支持。eg：Theaccidentisduetoyourcarelessdriving.這次事故歸咎于沒有小心開車。Nooneknowshowlongitwilllast.Last持續(xù)eg:Thelecturewilllastedfor2hours.這個(gè)講座持續(xù)了2個(gè)小時(shí)Thebusmenhavestatedthatthestrikewillcontinueuntilgeneralagreement isreachedaboutpayandworkingconditions.generalagreement全面協(xié)議reach/arriveatanagreement達(dá)成協(xié)議Mostpeoplebelievethatthestrikewilllastforatleastaweek.Manyownersofprivatecarsaregoingtooffer'freerides'topeopleontheirwaytowork.※Atleast至少eg：Ihavenotseenhimforatleastaweek.我至少有一周沒看見他了※offer提供、提出議案、推舉offerabribeto向……行賄；offertodo建議將做eg：Heofferedtohelpus.他提出要幫助我們。offer+sb+sth＝offer+sth+tosb向某人提供……eg：Sheofferedhimacupoftea.＝Sheofferedacupofteatohim.她給他端上一杯茶。（賣方對(duì)買方）開價(jià)（出售物品）eg：Sheoffered＄800fortheantiqueprint.這幅古畫她開800美金。eg：Heofferedanoldcameraatareasonableprice.他以合理的價(jià)格出售了一臺(tái)的舊相機(jī)?！鵩reeadj.免費(fèi)的、不要錢的、無稅的（無比較級(jí)變化）dutyfree免稅的；afreetickettotheconcert一張免費(fèi)的音樂會(huì)入場(chǎng)券riden.eg：Couldyougivemearide？我能搭個(gè)滿廢的車嗎？、能載我一程？eg：Anhour’srideinthebuswilltakeyoutoyourdestination.一個(gè)小時(shí)的車程后您將到目的地。ridern.騎馬的人；乘車的人Thiswillrelievepressureonthetrainstosomeextent.※tosomeextent＝toacertainextent在某種程度上Meanwhile,anumberofuniversitystudentshavevolunteeredtodrivebuseswhilethestrikelasts.※volunteertodosth自愿做……..※lastadj.最后的eg：YouarethelastoneIwanttosee.你是我最不想見的人。v.持續(xù)eg：Thewarlasted（for）8years.戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了8年。Allthestudentsareexpertdrivers,butbeforetheydriveanyofthebuses,theywillhavetopassaspecialtest.Thestudentsaregoingtotakethetestintwodays'time.takethetest接受測(cè)驗(yàn)。passthetest通過測(cè)試、考試及格makeatest＝carryoutatest進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)※intwoday’stime＝intwodays兩天后Evenso,peoplearegoingtofinditdifficulttogettowork.Finditdifficult/easytodosth認(rèn)為做某事……困難/容易eg：Hethoughtiteasytopasstheexamination.他認(rèn)為通過考試是很容易eg：Heconsidereditwrongthatsheshouldhavetowait.他認(rèn)為她不得不等待是不對(duì)。eg：Ifeelitrightthatheshouldbepunished.我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到懲罰。eg：Ithinkitwrongforpeopletobehavelikethat.我認(rèn)為人們那樣做是不對(duì)。Butsofar,thepublichasexpresseditsgratitudetothestudentsinletterstothePress.publicadj.公開的thepublic公眾、大眾；inpublic公開地Onlyoneortwopeoplehaveobjectedthatthestudentswilldrivetoofast! ※only僅僅only修飾主語，放在句首，句子的為語并不倒裝語序。eg：Onlyyoucandoit.你是唯一可以做這事的人eg：Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationhere.只有這樣，才能你有希望改善這里處境。only+狀語放句首、句子的為語采用倒裝語序?！娟P(guān)鍵詞組摘錄】6.6.atleast7.relievepressureon8.tosomeextent9.volunteertodosth10.passaspecialtestgoonstrikebeduetogeneralagreementp