2020新牛津譯林版高中英語第一冊Unit-1課文基礎(chǔ)知識導(dǎo)學(xué)

2020新牛津譯林版高中英語第一冊Unit1課文知識導(dǎo)學(xué)一、詞匯派生根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．thinkv．思考，考慮→thinkingn．思維，思想；想法2．a(chǎn)dvancen．進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；前進(jìn)，行進(jìn)vt.&vi.發(fā)展，進(jìn)步→advancedadj.高級的，先進(jìn)的→advancementn．發(fā)展3．a(chǎn)mazevt.使吃驚；驚訝→amazingadj.令人大為驚奇的，令人驚喜的→amazedadj.感到吃驚的→amazementn．驚訝；驚奇4．improvevt.&vi.改進(jìn)，改善→improvementn．改進(jìn)，改善5．independentadj.自主的，有主見的；自立的→independencen.獨立；自主→independentlyadv.獨立地；自主地；自力地二、一詞多義1．equaladj.相同的，相等的；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)?，能勝任的n．同等的人(物)vt.與……相等；比得上①Thereisanequalnumberofboysandgirlsintheclass. 相同的，相等的②Thecompanyhasanequalopportunitiespolicy. 平等的③I'mnotsurehe'sequaltothetask. 能勝任的2．charactern．品質(zhì)，性格；特點，特征；人物，角色；文字①OpennessisattheheartoftheAmericancharacter. 品質(zhì)，性格②Inthestory，themaincharacterhaslefthisgirlfriendandbaby.人物，角色③Thewholecharacteroftheschoolhaschanged. 特點，特征④HisforeignfriendsareinterestedinourChinesecharacters. 文字三、要點直擊WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識要點1)challengen．&vt.挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)疑(教材P2)Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges：anewenvironment，newknowledgeandnewwaysofthinking.擺在你們面前的道路將通向一個充滿挑戰(zhàn)的世界：新的環(huán)境、新的知識和新的思維方式。[例1]Thecompanyisreadytomeetthechallengesofthenextfewyears.公司已準(zhǔn)備好迎接今后幾年的挑戰(zhàn)。[例2]ThePresidentfacesastrongchallengefromnationalists.總統(tǒng)面臨民族主義者的強烈質(zhì)疑。[造句]學(xué)校必須迎接新技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。Schoolsmustmeetthechallengeofnewtechnology.[歸納拓展]challengesb.todosth. 要求/激勵某人做某事challengingadj. 挑戰(zhàn)性的；挑起爭論的[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Wewerechallenged(challenge)bypoliceattheborder.②Shedoesnotlikeanyonechallenging(challenge)herauthority.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點2)riseto能夠處理，有能力處理(突發(fā)情況、問題等)(教材P2)Whenyourisetothechallenges，youwillhavetheopportunitytoacquiregreatknowledgeandenjoypersonalgrowth.當(dāng)你們能夠迎接這些挑戰(zhàn)的時候，你們就有機會獲得豐富的知識并享受個人成長的樂趣。[例1]Luckily，mymotherrosetotheoccasion.幸好當(dāng)時我母親挺身而。[例2]ThenewGermanymustrisetothechallengeofitsenhancedresponsibilities.一個嶄新的德國必須迎接挑戰(zhàn)，承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。[造句]他決心克服困難迎接挑戰(zhàn)。Hewasdeterminedtorisetothechallenge.[歸納拓展]riseabovesth. 克服(障礙)；超越(限制)giverisetosth. 使發(fā)生(或存在)rise(insth.) (數(shù)量或水平的)增加，提高rise(fromsth.) 復(fù)活[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Shehadthecourageanddeterminationtoriseaboveherphysicaldisability.②Thenovel'ssuccessgaverisetoanumberofsequels.③Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.④Cananewpartyrisefromtheashesoftheoldone?eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點3)amazingadj.令人大為驚奇的，令人驚喜的(教材P3)Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate，whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop!誰知道你會創(chuàng)作出多么美麗的藝術(shù)品，你會取得多么大的醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展，你會開發(fā)出多么驚人的技術(shù)！[例1]It'samazingwhatwecanrememberwithalittleprompting.只需一點提示我們就能想起很多東西真是令人吃驚。[例2]Butwhatwasevenmoreamazingwastheaudience.然而更令我們驚異的竟是那些觀眾們。[造句]這是驚人的，幾乎每首詩我都喜歡。ItwasamazingthatIlovedalmosteverypoem.[歸納拓展](1)amazevt. 使吃驚；驚訝(2)amazedadj. 驚奇的；驚訝的beamazedatsth. 對某事感到驚訝beamazedtodosth. 因做某事而感到驚訝(3)amazementn. 驚訝，吃驚；驚異inamazement 驚奇地toone'samazement 令某人驚訝的是[名師點津](1)以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞常表示主動關(guān)系或特性，一般用來說明事或物，意為“令人……的”。(2)以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常用來修飾人，表示人的心理狀態(tài)，意為“感到……的”。有時也可修飾表情和聲音。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Tomwasamazed(amaze)atthegirl'scalmnessandquickmind.②Iamamazedtosee(see)hergreatprogressinstudies.③Shewasamazed(amaze)howlittlehehadchanged.④Shelookedathiminamazement.[小片段助記]IwasamazedtoseeBoltbreaktheworldrecordatanamazingspeedof9.58secondsinthe100metersrace.WhenItoldmyclassmateaboutit，heshoutedinamazement.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點4)(教材P3)Thepossibilitiesareendless，andIhaveconfidenceinyourabilitytomakeadifferencetoyourfamily，toyourcommunityandtoourcountry.可能性是無限的，我相信你的能力會對你的家庭、你的社區(qū)和我們的國家有影響。(1)confidencen．信心，信任；把握[例1]Theplayersallhaveconfidenceintheircoach.隊員都信賴他們的教練。[例2]Heexpressedhisconfidencethattheywouldwin.他表示了自己的信心：他們必定取勝。[造句]我花了很長的時間才贏得她的信任。Ittookmealongtimetogainherconfidence.[歸納拓展](1)haveconfidencein/that... 對……有信心withconfidence 肯定地；有把握地(2)confidentadj. 自信的；確信的beconfidentinsth. 對某事有信心beconfidentabout/of(doing)sth. 對(做)某事有把握beconfidentthat... 確信……；肯定……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Comparedwiththem，wearemoreconfident(confidence)insuccess.②Freddywasveryconfidentabout/ofhissinging.③Heisconfidentofpassing(pass)thedrivingtest.④Heplayswithconfidence；asaresult，everygameheimprovesalot.(2)makeadifference有影響，起作用[例1]Whateveryouchoosetodo，itwillmakeadifference.無論你選擇做什么，都會產(chǎn)生一定的影響。[例2]Whereyoulivecanmakesuchadifferencetothewayyoufeel.你居住的位置會對你的感覺產(chǎn)生很大的影響。[造句]上午或下午都行。我無所謂。Morningorafternoon.Itmakesnodifferencetome.[歸納拓展]makeabig/agreatdealof/alotofdifference(tosb./sth.) (對某人/某事)有很大的影響(作用)；很重要makenodifference(tosb./sth.) (對某人/某事)沒有影響；沒有作用makesomedifference 有些作用(關(guān)系、影響)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theraindidn'tmakealotofdifferencetothegame.②Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetherhegoesornot.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點5)makethemostof充分利用，盡情享受(教材P3)Tofullyrealizeyourpotential，itisimportantforyoutomakethemostofourschoolresources.為了充分發(fā)揮你們的潛能，你們必須充分利用我們學(xué)校的資源。[例1]Theysimplymakethemostofeverythingtheydohave.他們只是充分利用他們所擁有的一切。[例2]Weshouldtrytomakethemostofourstayhere.我們要盡量利用我們在這里待的這段時間。[造句]你是如何充分利用你的時間的？Howdoyoumakethemostofyourtime?[歸納拓展]makeuseof 利用；使用makegood/full/littleuseof 好好/充分/不充分利用makethebestof 充分利用[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Shereallytriestomakethemost(much)ofherselfbydressingwell.②Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.③Nowthatyouhavegotthechance，youshouldmakethemostofit.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點6)balancevt.同等重視；(使)保持平衡；權(quán)衡重要性n．均衡，平衡；平衡能力(教材P3)Carefullyplanyourstudy，setcleargoalsandbalanceyourschoolworkwithotheractivities.仔細(xì)安排你的學(xué)習(xí)，設(shè)定明確的目標(biāo)，平衡你的學(xué)業(yè)和其他活動。[例1]Youhavetobalancetheadvantagesoflivinginabigcityagainstthedisadvantages.你必須權(quán)衡住在大城市的利與弊。[例2]Ifoundithardtokeepmybalanceontheicypath.我發(fā)現(xiàn)在結(jié)冰的路面上行走很難保持平衡。[造句]他失去平衡，從自行車上摔了下來。Helosthisbalanceandfelloffhisbicycle.[歸納拓展](1)keepone'sbalance 保持平衡loseone'sbalance 失去平衡outofbalance 不平衡(2)balancedadj. 平穩(wěn)的；安定的；和諧的keepabalanceddiet 保持均衡飲食(3)balanceAwith/andB 使A和B處于平衡狀態(tài)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Keepingabalanced(balance)dietisimportanttoourhealth.②Itisnoteasyforawomantobalancehercareerand/withfamily.③Sinceteenagershavedifficultybalancing(balance)theseneeds，theyoftenquestionwhotheyareandhowtheyfitinsociety.[圖形助記]SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)can'twaittodo句式(教材P2)Ican'twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.我迫不及待地要向你們描述一下高中生活是什么樣子的。句式分析：can'twaittodosth.表示“迫不及待做某事”。[例1]Thewomancan'twaittoseeherson.這個女人迫不及待地想見到兒子。[例2]Icouldnotwaittoseethisfilmatthetime.當(dāng)時我迫不及待地想看這部電影。[造句]我們迫不及待地想要見到他們！Wecannotwaittoseethem![歸納拓展]表示“迫不及待地做某事”的表達(dá)還有：canhardlywaittodosth.canhardlywaitforsth.cannotwaitforsth.[翻譯1]Shecouldn'twaittoknow(迫不及待地想知道)theexamresultyesterday.[翻譯2]Theyoungmancanhardlywaittoeatsomething(迫不及待地要吃東西)afterhiswork.[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Ican'twaittomeet(meet)myoldclassmates.②Icanhardlywaitforyouranswer.③Thechildcanhardly(hard)waittogohomeafterclass.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)“表語＋系動詞＋主語”倒裝句式(教材P3)Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits，usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.同樣重要的還有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、實用的技能和積極的態(tài)度。句式分析：本句為完全倒裝句。作表語的介詞短語Ofequalimportance位于句子開頭，整句進(jìn)行了全部倒裝。正常語序為Yourgoodstudyhabits，usefulskillsandpositiveattitudesareofequalimportance.[例1]Inthemiddleofthehallwasstandingatallyoungman.在大廳中央站著一個高個子的年輕人。[例2]Amongtheguestsisthepersonyouarelookingfor.你找的那個人就在客人當(dāng)中。[造句]窗戶旁邊是一位悲傷的母親。Nearthewindowisasadmother.[歸納拓展]需要完全倒裝的情況：(1)當(dāng)作表語的“介詞短語/形容詞/分詞”置于句首時，句子要用全部倒裝，構(gòu)成“表語(介詞短語/形容詞/分詞)＋連系動詞＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)表示地點、時間、方向等的介詞短語放在句首時，常見的介詞有：among，between，in，at，beneath等，句子要用全部倒裝。(3)表示方向、地點和時間的副詞in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over，there，now，then，here等放在句首，若主語是名詞而不是代詞時，要全部倒裝。[翻譯1]Herecomesthebus(汽車來了)．[翻譯2]Infrontofourschoolstands(我們學(xué)校前面矗立著)atower.[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Sittinginthehallwere(be)thetwoastronautswhowereveryyoung.②Herecomes(come)agoodchancethatyoucanuseyoursummervacationtogoonstudytours.四、長難句分析1．(教材P3)Putsimply，potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.[分析]此句為主從復(fù)合句，其中thatcanbedeveloped為關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞ability；when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。[譯文]簡而言之，潛能是你與生俱來的能力，當(dāng)你足夠努力時，潛能就能得到開發(fā)。2．(教材P3)Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate，whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop![分析]此句為主從復(fù)合句，其中or連接三個表示選擇關(guān)系的并列的由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。[譯文]誰知道你會創(chuàng)作出多么美麗的藝術(shù)品，你會取得多么大的醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展，你會開發(fā)出多么驚人的技術(shù)！五、鏈接高考教材高考1.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges：anewenvironment，newknowledgeandnewwaysofthinking.(2019·江蘇卷)Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge，especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.2.Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate，whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop！(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology...3.Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits，usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision？六、實戰(zhàn)演練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theyareunlikelytohavechangedtheirthinking(think)sosoon.2．Thepubwasfullofcolorfullocalcharacters(character)．3．It'samazing(amaze)howquicklypeopleadapttotheenvironment.4．Thisjobcouldbedoneequally(equal)wellbyacomputer.5．Shenearlylosther(she)balanceasthebussuddenlymovedforward.6．Oneofmygoals(goal)istogettheteamtothefinals.7．Theyheldhimresponsibleforthefailureoftheplan.8．Thereisstillroomforimprovement(improve)inyourwork.9．Theteachershouldtreateachpupilasanindividual.10．Goingawaytocollegehasmadememuchmoreindependent(dependent)．Ⅱ.短語填空beresponsiblefor；makeagreatdifference；liein；makethemostof；lastbutnotleast；intime；takeadvantageof1．WeshouldmakethemostoftheInternet.2．Afalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference．3．Yourproblemliesinlackingefficientmethods.4．Lastbutnotleas