英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)課件

英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)課件第一頁，共52頁。英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)S(subject)－主語V(verbalphrase)－謂語P(predicative)－表語O(object)－賓語Oi－間接賓語Od－直接賓語C(complement)－補(bǔ)語第二頁，共52頁。英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句并列句復(fù)合句*幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成并列句;*幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句的復(fù)合句。簡單句SVSVPSVOSVOiOdSVOC

第三頁，共52頁。簡單句的五種句型1）SV主語＋謂語eg.Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.2)SVP主語＋謂語＋表語eg.Theplansoundsperfect.Frankisanartist.3)SVO主語＋謂語＋賓語eg.Isawabird.Mysisterenjoyedtheplay.第四頁，共52頁。簡單句的五種句型4）SVOiOd

主語＋謂語+間接賓語＋直接賓語eg.TheladygaveJackawatch.Myfatherboughtmeabicycle.5)SVOC主語＋謂語＋賓語＋補(bǔ)語eg.Theycalledhimafool.Shefoundthechildrenfastasleep.*在閱讀句子的時候，第一個任務(wù)就是要找到謂語!*做謂語的動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；還有及物動詞與不及物動詞的區(qū)別。第五頁，共52頁。Ex:Findoutthepredicateineachsentence.1.Thesouptastesgood.2.TheboyisinterestedinplayingPCgames.3.Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.4.Hepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.5.Theyhadfinishedthejobwhenthebosscame.6.Recordeverywordyouhear.7.Hedidn’tturntomeforhelp.*在英語簡單句中，只能有而且（一般情況下）必須有一個謂語部分！第六頁，共52頁。句子成分的構(gòu)成句子的主干成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語句子的次要成分：定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、插入語、同位語第七頁，共52頁。句子成分的構(gòu)成主語可以用以下這些表示：

1.名詞；2.代詞；3.數(shù)詞；4.動名詞；5.不定式；6.詞組或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；7.從句；8.名詞化的其他詞類。eg:

Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Whoisspeaking,please?ThisisJackspeaking.Twowillbeenough.Smokingisverydangerous.Toseeistobelieve.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.“A”isanarticle.一、主語第八頁，共52頁。二、表語

表語跟在be動詞和系動詞之后，可以用下面這些東西表示：1.名詞；2.代詞；3.數(shù)詞；4.形容詞；5.分詞；6.動名詞；7.不定式；8.副詞；9.介詞短語；10.詞組；11.從句。如：

Themassesaretherealheroes.That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.Shewasthefirst

tolearnaboutit.Timeispressing.Let’shurryup.AllIcoulddowassendinghimatelegram.Wemustbeoffnow.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.第九頁，共52頁。三、賓語

賓語跟在及物動詞后，有直接間接之分，可以用下面這些東西表示：

1.名詞；2.代詞；3.數(shù)詞；4.動名詞；5.不定式；6.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；7.從句；8.名詞化的形容詞及其他詞類，如：Shediedaheroicdeath.Theydidn’tpromisehimanythingdefinite.Howmanydoyouwant?Weneedtwo.Payattentiontounitingandworkingwithcomradeswhodifferwithyou.Learntoplaythepiano.I’llgetitstamped.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?

Hegavemeanewpencil.Hegaveanewpenciltome.第十頁，共52頁。四、定語

定語起類似于形容詞的修飾作用，可以用下面這些東西表示：

1.形容詞；2.代詞；3.數(shù)詞；4.名詞或名詞所有格；5.分詞；6.不定式；7.介詞短語；8.副詞；9.詞組或合成詞；10.從句（即定語從句）。如：

Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.Webelongtothethirdworld.WemustliveuptotheParty’sexpectations.Thisisindeedamostpressingproblem.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.Heisamanofgoodtemper.Isawabirdwhichwaseatingaworminthetree.第十一頁，共52頁。五、狀語

狀語類似于副詞，可以用下面這些東西表示

1.副詞；2.介詞短語；3.不定式；4.分詞；5.形容詞；6.詞組；7.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；8.從句，如：

Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.Isaiditinfun.

Theyallrushedover,eagertohelp.

Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.

Hecameupshoulderingaspade.Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.(詞組)

Seeingthis,somestudentsbecameveryworried.(分詞)

Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))第十二頁，共52頁。并列句與復(fù)合句第十三頁，共52頁。*幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成并列句．這樣的連接詞有:

1)表示意義延伸的并列連詞：

and,notonly…but(also),neither…nor

2)表示選擇概念的并列連詞:

or,either…or,

3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞:

but,while,however,etc.4)表示原因的:

for第十四頁，共52頁。eg:1)Asisreported,atradeagreementwassigned

andaculturalexchangewasarranged.

2)Notonlyishehimselfinterestedinthesubject

butallhisstudentsarebeginningtoshowaninterestinit.3）Dr.Fisherneitherlovestheenvironment,norisheaccustomedtotheweather.第十五頁，共52頁。*幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句的復(fù)合句。構(gòu)成從屬關(guān)系的復(fù)雜句包括名詞性分句(可以作主語、賓語、同位語、主語補(bǔ)語）、定語分句、狀語分句。第十六頁，共52頁。如何劃分句子主干以及謂語動詞和非謂語動詞第十七頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用II.Choosethebestanswers：____someofthisjuice—perhapsyou’lllikeit.

A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havingtried第十八頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I2.Hesentmeane-mail,____togetfurtherinformation.

A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope第十九頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I3._____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A.SleepB.SleepingC.TosleepD.Havingslept第二十頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I4._____atthedoorbeforeentering,please.

A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock

第二十一頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I5._____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.

A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive第二十二頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I6.Themanager,____hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.

A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknown第二十三頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I7.Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely_____thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest第二十四頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I8.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing第二十五頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I9.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smellD.tobesmelt第二十六頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I10.–Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasn’tit?--Yes,_____morewordsandexpressionsandyou’llfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.

A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known第二十七頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用I11.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed第二十八頁，共52頁。新高考...新題型ABritishteenager,DanayBowmanaged19yearsold,once_______________(spend)10hoursadaytakingselfies(自拍）。spent第二十九頁，共52頁。Athisworst,hewouldcutaclassthreetimesanhourtotakeaselfie,eventually___________(drop)outofschoolatageof16,atwhichpointhishealthstartedtofallapart,becausehewouldlimithimselftoanappleandabowlofriceadayinabidtobethinnerandimprovehisskin.

dropping第三十頁，共52頁。China__________(situate)inoneofthemostactiveearthquakeregions,hasexperiencedmanyterribleearthquakes.situated第三十一頁，共52頁。Thefirescausedbytheearthquakeburnedforthreedays,__________(destroy)morethan250000buildingsandleaving250000peoplehomeless.destroying第三十二頁，共52頁。PassengersonaregularflightfromDetroittoTri-CityAirport_______(locate)betweentheMichigancitiesofSaginaw,BayCityandMidlandintheUSA,musthavefeltalittleconfusedduringaflightattendant’sgreeting.located第三十三頁，共52頁。Anaughtycockroach（蟑螂）wenttoseeabutterfly,andinfrontofeveryonethecockroacktoldthebutterflythatshewasn’treallythatbeautiful,andthatthebutterflyonlywonthecompetitionsbecausethejudges____________________(pay).hadbeenpaid第三十四頁，共52頁。直擊高考2015全國卷考察動詞Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.conducted第三十五頁，共52頁。ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.arrived第三十六頁，共52頁。直擊高考2016全國卷考察動詞ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTvshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter___________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.permitted第三十七頁，共52頁。Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcenterinthemistymountainsofBroducing第三十八頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用IIII.Correctthemistakesinthesentences.(Eachsentencehasonlyonemistake.)MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.to2.Hesaidhewasbusy.Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.made第三十九頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用II3.Rememberingnottoshoutatthem.Remember4.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.when5.IwassotiredthatIfeltasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.

第四十頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用II6.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese.7.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.it8.Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.

第四十一頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用II9.Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.andgirls.givinglessonstolovelyboys11.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.it10.Atweekends,wewouldplaybasketball,swimminginthepoolorgoforapicnic.swim第四十二頁，共52頁。英語長句的分析一、長句的特點(diǎn)：

(1)修飾語多；

(2)并列成分多；

(3)語言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。第四十三頁，共52頁。二、理解長句時可采用以下步驟：

(1)找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，(復(fù)合句則找出主句的主、謂、賓）從整體上把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

第四十四頁，共52頁。(2)找出句中所有的非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞。第四十五頁，共52頁。(3)分析從句和短語的功能，例如，是否為主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句等；若是狀語，它是表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、還是表示條件等等。第四十六頁，共52頁。(4)分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關(guān)系，例如，

定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個等。

第四十七頁，共52頁。(5)注意插入語等其他成分。

(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配。

第四十八頁，共52頁。實(shí)際應(yīng)用IIIReadingcomprehension:Thethreelargestislands,Jersey,Guernsey,andAlderney,havelongbeenknownforthefinebreeds(品種)ofcattlethatareraisedonthemandnamedafterthem.Q:Jersey,Guernsey,andAlderneybre