高中英語人教版必修二-Unit3-課文內(nèi)容7644

高中英語人教版必修二-Unit3-課文內(nèi)容必修二Unit3課文內(nèi)容1.IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.本句是由并列連詞and連接的并列句。and后的句子中before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句?！鱞efore引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時可以根據(jù)語境譯作“過了……（時間）才……”，“還沒來得及……就……”或“在……之前”。Theywalkedabout30milesbeforetheysawavillage.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.△before常用于以下句型中：⑴Itwas+時間段+before...“過了……才……”，從句常用一般過去時。⑵Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久就……”，從句常用一般過去時。⑶Itwillnotbelongbefore...“不久就會……”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。⑷Itwillbe+時間段+before...“要過……才……”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。4.Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.本句為簡單句。mygoal為主語；動詞不定式短語toprovide...為表語；ofhighquality作定語，修飾alife.△“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作表語、定語和補語。該結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩類：⑴名詞有相應(yīng)的形容詞時，“of+名詞”可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的形容詞。這類名詞有value,use,important,help,interest,benefit等。它們可用no,some,any,little,much,great等詞修飾。Theyareofgreathelp(=veryhelpful)toEnglishlearners.Infact,sportscanbeofgreatbenefit(=verybeneficial)toourhealth.⑵名次沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞時，“of+名詞”沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式。color,weight,quality,height,price,opinion,shape,kind,way等，這些名詞前的限定詞常常見的名詞有age,size,為a,an,thesame等。Mr.Smith,myteacher,isofthesameopinion.Weareofthesameage.Tomisofadifferentwayofthinking.練習(xí)：⑴–ThisbookbyTonyGarrisionis______forourcourse.–ButIthinkhislatestoneisbetterworthreading.A.uselessB.ofnouseD.greatusefulC.ofgreatuse⑵完成句子①這項工程對每個人都大有好處。Thisprojectis______________________________(benefit)toeveryone.②同時，性別差異的主題也很有趣。Also,thetopicofsexdifferencesis____________________________(interest).③在這個地區(qū)，我們學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量是最好的。Ourschooleducationis________________________(quality)inthisarea.5.AstimesentbyIdidresearchintohowtomakemyradio.本句中astimesentby為as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，howtomakemyradio作介詞into的賓語。△as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句⑴as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“隨著，當(dāng)……”，強調(diào)主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生。Asshotsrang,peoplecouldbeseenrunningoutofthebuilding.⑵as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，意為“像……一樣”。HeisasoldasI(am).⑶as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“照……的方式”。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.⑷as引導(dǎo)原因狀語，意為“因為，由于”?！盇sshehasnocar,shecan’tgetthereeasily.⑸as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”，此時從句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Happyas/thoughtheywere,therewassomethingmissing.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.練習(xí)：⑴Stupid______itsounds,IwassoinlovewithherthatIbelievedher.A.althoughD.whenB.asC.while⑵Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,_______historycannotbechanged.A.thoughD.unlessB.asC.since⑶完成句子①我們最好快一點，因為天就要黑了。hurry,Wehadbetter_________________________________________.②盡管她已經(jīng)很累了，但她想睡覺是沒有指望的。___________________________________,therewasnohopeofherbeingabletosleep.③詳細的調(diào)查顯示多達50%的病人沒有遵照指示服藥。Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50%ofpatientsdonottakedrugs____________________________.(direct)6.Sheprogramsuswithallthepossiblemovesshehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames.本句為主從復(fù)合句。shehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞moves；該定語從句中的whilewatchinghumangames為時間狀語從句的省略形式，完整形式應(yīng)為whileshewaswatchinghumangames.△狀語從句的省略省略現(xiàn)象一般出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中：①由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；②由whether,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；③由though,although,evenif,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；④由as,than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句；⑤由as,asif,asthough等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。遵循以下原則：⑴當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致且從句中含有be動詞的某種形式時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和be動詞。這時從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：①連詞+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.②連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞與主句主語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作與主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生）While(Iwas)waiting,Iwasreadingsomemagazines.③連詞+過去分詞（過去分詞與主句主語為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系）When(itis)heated,icecanbechangedintowater.④連詞+不定式（構(gòu)成不定式的動詞與主句主語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且不定式表示的動作即將發(fā)生）Hestoodupasif(hewas)tosaysomething.⑵當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語不一致，但從句主語是it時，從句又含有be動詞的某種形式時，可以把it和be動詞一同省略。If(itis)necessary,I’llcometomorrow.練習(xí)：⑴Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,______,reaching30℃insummer.A.ifnotC.ifanyB.ifeverD.ifso⑵用括號內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①While________(visit)thecity,theyreceivedawarmwelcome②Once________(begin),itmustbedonewell.③When________(ask)toanswerquestions,youshouldstandup.④Heoftenmakesmistakeswhen________(speak)English.⑤Unless________(repair),themachineisofnouse.⑥Shestoodatthegateasif________(wait)forsomeone.⑶完成句子：①He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif______________possible.②Heopenedthebox,asif__________________insearchofsomethingimportant.7.Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout!本句是主從復(fù)合句，介詞短語withthehelpof...中含有which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為brain；usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout是句子的主干部分，其中動名詞短語usingmyintelligence作主語，whatI’mallabout是what引導(dǎo)的表語從句?！鲃用~（短語）做主語⑴單個的動名詞（短語）做主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，一般來說，動名詞（短語）做主語表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。Talkingisanart.LearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.②動名詞（短語）作主語時，通常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放到句子的末尾。此類的常用句型有：nouse/gooddoingsth.做某事沒用uselessdoingsth.做某事沒用worthwhile/worthdoingsth.做It某事是值得的Itisnousewaitinghere.Itisnogood/usecomplaining.It’sworthwhilehelpingothers.△⑴important,necessary,possible,impossible,essential等形容詞用于形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)中，用動詞不定式充當(dāng)真正主語。It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.⑵動名詞與動詞不定式都可以做主語或賓語。動名詞通常表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的行為；動詞不定式則往往表示具體的一次性的動作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.練習(xí)：⑴用括號內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①________(say)iseasierthan____________.②It’snouse________(cry)overthesplitmilk.③It’snecessary________(keep)theroomclean.④________(finish)thetaskinsuchashorttimeishardforme.⑵________yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.A.UnderstandingB.TobeunderstoodC.BeingunderstoodD.Havingunderstood現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的形式現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成是：have/hasbeendone。但在不同的句式中，其具體形式也有所不同。⑴肯定句形式主語+have/hasbeendone+其他ThebridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeencompleted.Thechickenhasbeenstewedfortwohours.⑵否定句形式主語+have/hasnotbeendone+其他Theyhaven’tbeentoldtheexcitingnewyet,havethey?Thesecond-handcarhasnotbeensold.⑶一般疑問句形式Have/Has+主語+beendone+其他–Hasherworkbeenfinished?–Yes,ithas.⑷特殊疑問句形式特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone+其他Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?2.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法⑴表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時間狀語sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等連用。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.(現(xiàn)在已不用打掃房間)Thedoctorhasn’tbeensentforyet.（現(xiàn)在應(yīng)派人去請醫(yī)生）真題：①Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement__________sofarbythetwosides.A.hasbeenreachedB.wasreachedC.willreachD.willhavereached②Shakespeare’splayHamlet__________intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmadeC.hasbeenmadeB.wasmadeD.wouldbemade③EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_________beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedpromisedB.wereD.haveC.havepromisedbeenpromised⑵表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引出的時間狀語（從句）連用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?⑶用在條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。We’llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.真題：Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_________.A.arebeingmadeC.havebeenmadeB.willbemadeD.hadbeenmade從句中的動作若要表示比謂語動作之前發(fā)生，遵循以下原則：主句：一般現(xiàn)在時/一般將來時從句：現(xiàn)在完成時主句：一般過去時從句：過去完成時3.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的注意事項⑴現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，缺一不可。⑵現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)側(cè)重于表示動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成了影響（或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果）。Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.Thebigfirehasbeenputout.真題：①Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but______thankfullybytheshopwindow.A.amheldbackholdbackB.heldbackC.D.washeldback②–Didyouenjoytheparty?–Yes,we________wellbyourhosts.A.weretreatedtreatedB.wouldbetreatedC.D.hadtreated③Thediamondmine________accidentallybyalittleboywhenhewasplayinghide-and-seek.A.discoveredB.wasdiscoveredD.wouldC.hasbeendiscovereddiscovered⑶finish,buy,start,begin,return,borrow,join,open等非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。這個工程開始多久了？【誤】Howlonghasthisprojectbeenstarted?【正】Howlongagowasthisprojectstarted?⑷只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，講主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，例如：主動：Wehavebuiltmanybridgesinthepasttenyears.被動：Manybridgeshavebeenbuilt(byus)inthepasttenyears.⑸帶有雙賓語的動詞，如：give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,sell,buy,ask,pay,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個保持不變，但要注意間接賓語與介詞的搭配。主動：Hehassentmeane-mail.被動：Ihavebeensentane-mail.被動：Ane-mailhasbeensenttome.⑹短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持其完整性，不可省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.練習(xí)：I．將主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳浠虮粍泳渥優(yōu)橹鲃泳?.MyfatherhasrepairedtheTVset._____________________________________________________________________2.Theteacherhasborrowedthebooks._____________________________________________________________________3.Theyhaveaskedhimsomequestions._____________________________________________________________________4.Thecakehasbeeneatenbyhim._____________________________________________________________________5.Thehousehasbeensetfiretobyhim._____________________________________________________________________II.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Alotofsurvivors________(rescue)bythesoldiersinthatareawheretheearthquakehappenedsinceyesterday.2.Thetopic________(talk)aboutforalongtimeontheInternet.3.–Whynotgointothereadingroom?–Thedoor________(lock).4.________yournewnovel________(translated)intoEnglishrecently?5.Thesportsmeetingofourschool________(put)offbecauseofbadweather.6.Bynowthehouse________(paint)twice.7.Thenews________(give)awaysofar.’8.Bythetim