2020-2021年七年級英語下冊任務型閱讀經(jīng)典題型帶答案(word)1

2020-2021年七年級英語下冊任務型閱讀經(jīng)典題型帶答案（word）1一、七年級英語下冊任務型閱讀專項目練習（含答案解析）1．左欄是對五個人的喜好描述，右欄是七則廣告信息，請為左欄的每個人選出最感興趣的廣告。________MissGreenhasnothing（沒有什AInternationalPicnicShethinksDoyouhatehavingthesamefoodeveryday?么）todothisSaturday.isagoodwaytokillWouldyouliketoenjoythefoodfromalloverwatchingfilms（電影）theworld?It'syummyandnotexpensive.Just（消磨）thee!________Carrydoesn'tlikeeatingtheB.FastFoodAmericanfoodeveryday.ShedreamsthatTasty,quickandclean!Weekday:8:00am~8:00pmWeekend:10:00am~11:00p.mshecantastefoodfromothercountries.C.EnjoyThailandhotweather.Buymanykindsoffruitsandvegetablesinboats.________Benhates（討厭）HefeelshappywhenhewalksontheDon'tforgettobringyourhatbecausethesuncanbestrong.Temperature（溫度）willbe40Cbeaches.atmidday（正午）.________Mr.Smithisanoldman.HeisD.VisitHawaiilivinginthecity,buthelikesthecountrylifeVisitlongsandybeaches.Climbthemountains.20C~24Cinthedaytime,onlyalittlecoolinthe（鄉(xiāng)村生活）.evening.________Jack,ayoungman,isn'tafraidofE.CometoAustriadanger.AndhewantstowatchdifficultEnjoythewholevillage,theforestandthelikejumpingthroughthemountains.20C~-25Cinthedaytime,butmuchactions（動作）coolerintheevening.fire.F.Acrobatics（雜技）Exciting!Dangerous（危險的）!SeeyouattheCityTheatreonSundaymorningat10:00.G.MoviesattheMuseumTheatreTwoIndianmovieswillbeshownonSaturdayafternoonattheMuseumTheatre,THEGRANDCANYON:2:00.THEBUILDERS:3:50.Tel:367599.【答案】G；A；D；E；F【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介紹了MissGreen，Carry，Ben，Mr.Smith和Jack的喜好。（1）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Shethinkswatchingfilms（電影）isagoodwaytokill（消磨）thetime.可知格林女士喜歡看電影。故選G。（2）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Shedreamsthatshecantastefoodfromothercountries..可知Carry夢想能品嘗其它國家的食物。故選A。（3）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Hefeelshappywhenhewalksonthebeaches.可知Ben喜歡在海灘上散步。故選D。（4）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)helikesthecountrylife（鄉(xiāng)村生活）.可知史密斯先生喜歡鄉(xiāng)下生活。故選E。（5）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)hewantstowatchdifficultactions（動作）likejumpingthroughthefire.可知Jack喜歡看雜技。故選F。【點評】考查考查任務型閱讀，先看問題，帶著問題找答案，注意上下文之間的聯(lián)系。2．任務型閱讀，請將最佳答案的字母標號填寫在題前括號內(nèi),其中有兩項是多余的。________Lucywantsher12-year-oldsonA.BallGamesClubforsportslovers！DoyouliketojoinaclubtolearnChinesekungfu.Andballgames?Wehavebasketball,soccer,volleyballhehastogotoanEnglishclubonandtennisforyou.CanLilyat1593467826.Saturday,soheisfreeonlyonSunday.（Sunday:8:30—11:00a.m.;3:00—6:00p.m.）________PeterlovesplayingsoccerveryB.KungFuClubforchildrenaged5-12!Doyoumuchandhealwayswantstojoinaclubtowanttodokungfuwell?Comeandjoinus!Callusplaywithothersoccerloverslikehim.at976254.（Saturdaymorning:9:00—11:00）________SusanisgoodatspeakingEnglishC.EnglishSpeakingClubforchildrenaged6-12!andshewantstohelpchildrenlearntoDoyouwanttobegoodatspeakingEnglish?speakEnglishwell.CometoNo.12RiverStreetandjoinus!（Sunday________Helenisthemotherofa3-year-morning:8:30—11:30）oldboyandsheisbusythisSaturdayD.Story-tellingClubforkids3—6yearsold!Weafternoon.ShewantshimtobeataclubneedonceaweekattheCityLibrary.Takeyourkidforoneortwohours.hereandlethim/herenjoychildrenstoriesand________Tonyisgoodatplayingthepianogamesaboutstories.（Saturdayafternoon:andhewantstoworkatamusicclubasa2:30—4:30）teacher.E.Musicclubneedsviolinandpianoteachers!Areyougoodatplayingtheviolinorthepiano?Comeandworkwithus!Callusat568954.（8:30a.m.—5:00p.m.,everyday）F.EnglishSpeakingCenterneedshelp!Areyougoodwithchildrenaged6—12?Canyouhelpwithsomelesson?Comeandjoinus!Callusat896255.（8:30a.m.—5:00p.m.,everyday）G.KungFuClubforstudent12—18yearsold!It'sreallycoolandexciting.Comeandjoinus!Callusat976254.（Sundayevening:6:00—8:00）【答案】G；A；F；D；E【解析】【分析】選項意思：A.BallGamesClubforsportslovers！給運動愛好者的球類游戲俱樂部!B.KungFuClubforchildrenaged5-12!給5-12歲的孩子的功夫俱樂部!C.EnglishSpeakingClubforchildrenaged6-12!給6-12歲的孩子的說英語俱樂部!D.Story-tellingClubforkids3—6yearsold!給3-6歲的孩子的講故事俱樂部E.Musicclubneedsviolinandpianoteachers!音樂俱樂部需要小提琴和鋼琴老師F.EnglishSpeakingCenterneedshelp!說英語中心需要幫助G.KungFuClubforstudent12—18yearsold!給12-18歲的學生的功夫俱樂部（1）根據(jù)Lucywantsher12-year-oldsontojoinaclubtolearnChinesekungfu.和heisfreeonlyonSunday.可知，Lucy想要，他只在周日有空；再根據(jù)G選項：KungFuClubforstudent12—18yearsold!給12-18歲的學生的功夫俱樂部!!!。她十二歲的兒子去參加功夫俱樂部，和Sundayevening:6:00—8:00周日晚上6:00—8:00，故選G。（2）根據(jù)healwayswantstojoinaclubtoplaywithothersoccerloverslikehim.可知，Peter總是想加入一個俱樂部去和其他的足球愛好者一起玩；再根據(jù)A選項：BallGamesClubforsportslovers！給運動愛好者的!故選A。（3）根據(jù)shewantstohelpchildrenlearntospeakEnglishwell.可知，Susan想想幫助孩子好英語，再根據(jù)F選項：EnglishSpeakingCenterneedshelp!說英語中心需要幫助球類游戲俱樂部們學習說!故選F。（4）根據(jù)Helenisthemotherofa3-year-oldboyandsheisbusythisSaturdayafternoon.可知，Helen的兒子參加這個周日下午開放的俱樂部；再根據(jù)D選項：Story-tellingClubforkids3—6yearsold!給3-6歲的孩子的講故事俱樂部!和Saturdayafternoon:2:30—4:30周六下午2:30—4:30，故選D。今年三歲，他需要（5）根據(jù)hewantstoworkatamusicclubasateacher.可知，Tony想在音樂俱樂部當老師；再根據(jù)E選項：Musicclubneedsviolinandpianoteachers!音樂俱樂部需要小提琴和鋼琴老師！故選E?！军c評】考查任務型閱讀。首先理解選項意思，其次在閱讀文章時注意圈出選項出現(xiàn)過的關(guān)鍵詞或者同義詞，對無關(guān)的選項進行排除，最終選出正確答案。3．信息歸納Let'shavealookatAmericanstudents'schoollife.Onschooldays,Americanstudentsusuallygetupat7:00a.m.Moststudentswalkortakeayellowschoolbustoschool.Somestudentsridebikes.Aftertheyarriveatschoolatabout8:30a.m.,theymeettheirfriendsandtalkabouttheiractivities.Theyputtheirbackpackinasmallcupboard（衣柜）andtakeoutonlyonebook,somewritingpaperandapencilforeachclass.Inthemiddleschool,theytakeonlyfiveorsixsubjectseachterm.Theyusuallygotothesameclasseveryday,andtheyhavehomeworkforeveryclass.Atnoon,thestudentseatlunchatschool.Theyoftenhavemeat,vegetables,fruitandsomedrinks.Butsomestudentslikepizza,hotdogsorhamburgersbetter.At13:00intheafternoon,theybegintohaveclasses.Theirclassesarealwaysoverat15:00.Thentheyjointheschoolclubsorplaysports.Theygobackhomeatabout5:30p.m.InformationCardThecountrywherethestudentsarefromThewaymoststudentsgotoschool________________Thenumberofsubjectsthemiddleschoolstudentstakeeachterm________ThethingsthatmoststudentsoftenhaveforlunchThetimewhenthestudentsfinishclasses________________【答案】America；Walkingortakingayellowschoolbus/onfootoronaschoolbus；Fiveorsix/5or6；Meat,vegetables,fruitandsomedrinks；At15:00【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介紹了美國學生的學校生活。（1）簡答題。根據(jù)第一段第一句看美國學生的學校生活，可知學生們都來自美國。故答案為America。（2）簡答題。根據(jù)第一段Moststudentswalkortakeayellowschoolbustoschool.可知，大Let'shavealookatAmericanstudents'schoollife.讓我們看多數(shù)學生都走路或者坐黃色的校車去上學。故答案為Walkingortakingayellowschoolbus/onfootoronaschoolbus。（3）簡答題。根據(jù)第一段Inthemiddleschool,theytakeonlyfiveorsixsubjectseachterm.可知，在中學，他們一學期只會學五或六個科目。故答案為Fiveorsix/5or6。（4）簡答題。根據(jù)第二段Theyoftenhavemeat,vegetables,fruitandsomedrinks.可知，學生在學校午餐通常吃肉、蔬菜、水果和一些飲料。故答案為Meat,vegetables,fruitandsomedrinks。（5）簡答題。根據(jù)第二段Theirclassesarealwaysoverat15:00.可知，他們的15:00的時候結(jié)束。故答案為At15:00。【點評】關(guān)鍵在看懂文章，然后根據(jù)題目要求作答，注意盡量用文章的課總是在考查任務型閱讀，語言填寫答案。4．人們在夢中經(jīng)常會夢到不同的動物，它們所代表的寓意各不相同。根據(jù)Andy，Mary，Ben，Danny和Gina的近況，選擇在他們夢中可能出現(xiàn)的動物。________Andyisworriedaboutthefuture.Hismotherlostherjobandhisfathermayhavetogotohospital.________Maryiswaitingforherexamresultstomorrow.SheenjoyedtheexamsA.Beesandthinksshewillgetgoodresults.Buzzingbeesmeanthatmoneyiscoming.Maybe________Bengetstoknowthathisthepersonwhodreamswillgetsomemoneygrandfatherwantstogivehimagiftoffromothers.$1,500.________DannyandMikearegoodfriends,buttheyjusthadafightandwereunhappyyesterday.________Ginastartedtoworkasawaitressinarestaurantlastmonth,butnowsheB.ButterfliesAbutterflymeanssomenews（消息）willcomewantstogetanewjob.soon.Openbutterflywings（翅膀）meangoodnews.C.CatsAsleepingcatmeansproblemswithagoodfriend.It'snoteasytogetthemover.D.DogsAbarkingdogmeansproblemsarecoming.Maybeit'saboutthepersonhimself/herselforhis/herfamily.Whatabadluck!E.HorsesArunninghorsemeansthedreamerwantstogetsomethingnewinhis/herlife.F.BirdsFlyingbirdsmeanloveandkindness.Asingingbirdisoftenasymboloflove.【答案】D；B；A；C；E【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文分別介紹了5個人現(xiàn)在遇到的困難，然后羅列了6種不同動物代表的意義。（1）根據(jù)下文意Abarkingdogmeansproblemsarecoming，夢到（2）根據(jù)下文意思：Mary要考試，并且她很自信，可知B選項提到meangoodnews.蝴蝶展翅意味著好消息，故選B。（3）根據(jù)下文意Ben知道他的外公要給他禮物。根據(jù)A選項提到Buzzingbeesmeanthatmoneyiscoming，可知夢到收錢，故選A。（4）根據(jù)下文意口角，可知C選項提到Asleepingcatmeans思：Andy有很多擔心，遇到很多困難?？芍c其匹配的選項為D，提到示有很多問題，故選D。Openbutterflywings狗表思：蜜蜂代表思：兩個人之間發(fā)生了problemswithagoodfriend可知，夢到貓表示人際有問題，故選C。（5）根據(jù)下文意思：她想換工作，可知E提到Arunninghorsemeansthedreamerwantstogetsomethingnewinhis/herlife，表示E。將有新事物出現(xiàn)，故選【點評】考查任務型閱讀，做此類題首先熟悉文章大意，熟悉各個選項，結(jié)合上下文，確定空缺的意義，選出正確答案。5．請從A一E項中選出與小題中的描述相匹配的圖片。Somestudentsaregoingtosomedifferentplacesthisweekend.Wherearetheygoing?Canyoufindtheirplacestheywanttogo?________Sally:IhaveapenpalinWenchuan.Somedaysago,Igotaletterfromher.Shesaidsheneededsomeschoolthings.IboughtsomeandIwanttopostthemtoher.Sothisweekend,wherewillIgo?Doyouknow?________Ricky:Idon'tlikeweekends.Forme,Ihavenoweekends.MyparentsusuallyaskmetogotoeveningschooltolearnEnglishandothersubjects.Ialwaysfeeltired.That'swhyIdon'tlikeweekends.________Barbara:Iloveweekends.IcandowhatIwanttodo.IwanttogotoaquietplacetostudybecauseMid-termExam（期中考試）iscoming.Iwanttoborrow（借）somebooksfromthatplaceandreturn（還）sometothatplace.DoyouknowwhereIwanttogo?________Angle:Thisweekendwillbeanexcitingoneforme.Myparentsaregoingtotakemetohavesomethingspecialintheplace.ItissaidthatwecantrysomeIndianfood.Isn'titinteresting?________Stella:Iwanttorelaxmyselfonweekends.Thisweekend,Iwanttodosomethingdifferent.Iwanttogotothisplace.There,youcanseemanykindsofanimalsthere.Andchildrenliketogotherewiththeirparents.A.B.C.D.E.【答案】B；C；D；E；A【解析】【分析】本文介紹了周末不同的學生去的不同地點。（1）根據(jù)Iwanttopostthemtoher，可知圖B是郵局，故應是去郵局，故選B。（2）根據(jù)gotoeveningschooltolearnEnglish，可知圖C是英語入門，故應是去英語夜校，故選C。（3）根據(jù)Iwanttoborrow（借）place，可知圖D是圖書館，可以借書還書，故應是去圖書館，故選（4）根據(jù)wecantrysomeIndianfood，可知圖E是餐館，故應是去餐館，故選（5）根據(jù)youcanseemanykindsofanimalsthere.可知圖A是動物園，可以看到很多種類A。somebooksfromthatplaceandreturn（還）sometothatD。E。的動物，故應是去動物園，故選【點評】考查任務型閱讀，可以將整個文章首先瀏覽一遍，大概理解意思。答題過程中，根據(jù)所提供的圖片進行匹配作答。6．任務型閱讀（1）根據(jù)短文，把方框內(nèi)的A-D四個句子填入文中空格處，使短文內(nèi)容完整完成問題。、正確，然后Lastweekendourgeographyteacher,Mr.Read,tookustoGreentownonaschooltrip.Hewroteletterstosomehotelsthere.Intheend,hechosetheAllyHotel.Wehadaterribletrip!________Mr.Readdrovetheschoolbus.Thejourney（旅程）tookmanyhours!Someofuswereasleeponthewaybecausewegotupveryearlyinthemorning.WefinallyarrivedinGreentownatnearly8：30p.m.Thenitstartedtorainheavily.________Wecouldseetheriver.Thewaterwasveryhigh.Wewentdownstairsforbreakfast.Oh,therewaswatereverywhereinthekitchen!Thenatlunchtime,oneoftheboysfellintotheriver.Luckily,Mr.Readwasverygoodatswimming.________.TheSundayafternoonwasterrible,too.Twogirlsdidn'ttellMr.Readandwenttothecenterofthetown.Theygotlost.________Mr.Readwasveryangry.WereturnedtoourcityonSundayevening.Wewerecold,wetandtired.Neveragain!A.Heheardhisshoutsandranouttosavehim.B.Welefthomeat7:00a.m.onSaturdaymorning.C.Apolicemanbroughtthembacktoourhotel.D.WewokeupearlyonSundaymorningandlookedoutside.（2）What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AWeekendB.OurGeographyTeacherC.ATerribleTripD.Greentown【答案】（1）B；D；A；C（2）C【解析】【分析】主要講了上周作者地理老師帶作者他們?nèi)W校旅行，結(jié)果旅行很糟糕。A.Heheardhisshoutsandranouttosavehim.他聽到他的喊叫聲，跑出去救他。B.Welefthomeat7:00a.m.onSaturdaymorning.們我周六早上7點離開家。C.Apolicemanbroughtthembacktoourhotel.一個警察把他們帶回我們的旅館。D.WewokeupearlyonSundaymorningandlookedoutside.周日早上們我醒得早，朝外面看。（1）根據(jù)們我早上起得早所以（2）根據(jù)Wecouldseetheriver.們我可以看見河流，可知后句Someofuswereasleeponthewaybecausewegotupveryearlyinthemorning.路上們我都昏昏欲睡，可知前句講的是早上離開，故選B。前句講的是們我朝外看，看后句到了河流，故選D。（3）根據(jù)前句oneoftheboysfellintotheriver.可知一個男孩掉進河里，所以后句講的是救助落水兒童，故選A。（4）根據(jù)前句Theygotlost.可知兩個女孩迷路了，所以后句講的是警察把她們送回來了，故選C。（5）根據(jù)全文可知主要講了作者經(jīng)歷的糟糕的學校旅行，故選C?！军c評】考查任務型閱讀，首先讀懂題意，然后帶著問題仔細從文中尋找答案。7．下面5位同學有不同的愛好，他們想?yún)⒓又驹刚呋顒?，請你給他們分配合適的工作。A.Myboyswanttojointhesportsclub,buttheydon'thavemorecoaches（教練）.B.Inthekindergarten（幼兒園）,manygirlsliketolistentostories,butthekindergartenersaretoobusy.Theyhavenotimetodothat.C.Inthisschool,someteacherswantthestudentstolearntosinganddanceintheirfreetime,buttheschooldoesn'thaveanyvolunteers（志愿者）.D.Inthepetcenter,manydogs,catsandothersmallanimalsareill（生?。?buttheydon'thavepeopletoworkforthem.Theyreallyneedvolunteers.E.Manyoldpeoplelivealone（單獨地）.Theyneedsomeonetotalkwiththemandmakethemhappy.（1）Helenlikestoread.Shelikesreadingtothechildren.（2）Lilylovesanimalsandlikesbeingwiththem.（3）Alanlikessinging.Hewantstobeasinger.（4）Johnlikestalkingwithotherpeople.Heisverygoodatmakingothershappy.（5）Jimthinkssportsareinteresting.Hedoeswellinbasketball,andinhisschoolhisfriendscallhimthesecondJordan.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）E（5）A【解析】【分析】A.Myboyswanttojointhesportsclub,buttheydon'thavemorecoaches（教練）.我的孩子想加入體育俱樂部B.Inthekindergarten（幼兒園）,manygirlsliketolistentostories,butthekindergartenersaretoobusy.Theyhavenotimetodothat.在幼兒園，許多女孩喜歡聽事，但是幼兒園的老師太忙，他們沒有時間給孩子們講故事。，但是他們沒有更多的教練。故C.Inthisschool,someteacherswantthestudentstolearntosinganddanceintheirfreetime,buttheschooldoesn'thaveanyvolunteers（志愿者）.在這所學校，一些老師想讓學生們在業(yè)余時間學習唱歌跳舞，，但是學校沒有志愿者。D.Inthepetcenter,manydogs,catsandothersmallanimalsareill（生?。?buttheydon'thavepeopletoworkforthem.Theyreallyneedvolunteers.愛寵物中心，許多狗、貓和其他的動物生病了，但是他們沒有人給動物看病。他們真的需要志愿者。E.Manyoldpeoplelivealone（單獨地）.Theyneedsomeonetotalkwiththemandmakethemhappy.許多老人使他們高興。（1）句意：海倫喜歡讀書，他孩子們讀書。B句說幼兒園的老師沒時間給孩子們B相匹配，B。（2）句意：莉莉喜歡動物，喜歡跟動物在一起。D選項說寵物人照看。一次本句跟D相匹配，D。（3）句意：艾倫喜歡唱歌，他想成為一個歌手。C項說學校的C。擅長使人開心。E項說許多老人E。（5）句意：吉姆認為體育很有教。練這兩項相匹配，一個人生活，他們需要人跟他們交流，喜歡給講故事，本句和故答案是中心的貓狗生病了，沒有故答案是老師想讓孩子們學習唱歌跳舞，但是沒有志愿者，這兩項相匹配，故答案是（4）句意：約翰喜歡跟人交談，他需要有人跟他們交談，因此這兩項相匹配，故答案是趣，他籃球打得好，在他學校，他的朋友叫他喬丹第二。A項說俱樂部沒有更多的故答案是A。【點評】考查任務型閱讀，想弄清楚每個選項的意思，然后再弄明白問題的意思。將意思相近的或者有關(guān)聯(lián)的搭配在一起。8．讀下面表格，完成短文填空。TrainFromToDepartureTimeArrivalTimeD11BeijinngShenyang12:0017:0007:0620:5008:43T8T7ChengduTaiyuan09:50TaiyuanChengdu22:46C2010TianjinBeijing08:10Thisisatraintimetable.IfyouwanttogotoShenyang,youshouldtakeTrain________.Youhavetospend________hoursonthetrainifyougotoShenyangfromBeijing.IfyouwanttogotoTaiyuanfromChengdu,youcantaketheT8train.TheT8trainarrivesinTaiyuanat________.TheTrainT7willtakeyouto________from22:46to20:50.IfyouwanttogotoBeijingfromTianjin,youcantakeTrain________.Itwilltakeyou33minutes.【答案】D11；five/5；sevensix/07:06；Chengdu；C2010【解析】【分析】本文是列車時刻表。（1）根據(jù)wanttogotoShenyang，可知車次是D11，故答案是D11。（2）根據(jù)gotoShenyangfromBeijing，可知時間是從12點到17點，故是5個小時，故答案是five/5。（3）根據(jù)arrivesinTaiyuan，可知到達天津的時間是早上7點零6分，故答案是sevensix/07:06。（4）根據(jù)時間表顯示from22:46to20:50終點站是成都，可知，故答案是Chengdu。（5）根據(jù)gotoBeijingfromTianjin，可知車次是C2010，故答案是C2010?！军c評】考查任務型閱讀，關(guān)鍵在看懂文章，然后根據(jù)題目要求作答，觀察車次和時間段，起點和終點站，注意盡量用文章的語言填寫答案。9．閱讀下面短文，并用英語回答問題（請注意每小題后面的詞數(shù)要求）。TheBrownsandMaryleavethetrainstationfortheirhome.Afterhalfanhour,theygettotheBrowns'home.Maryseeshernewhome,andsheisveryhappy.Sheputsherjacketonthebed.ThenMrs.Brownsays,"Mary,don'tputyourdirtyjacketonthebed."It'stimeforlunch.Maryishappybecausesheseesherfavoritefoodchickenonthetable.Shetastesitandsays,"Verynice."ThenMr.Brownsays,"Mary,youcan'teatbeforeyourgrandparentseat.Andyoumustn'ttalkwheneating."Afterlunch,MarygoesintoPeter'sroom.Peterisnothappy.Hesays,"Mary,youcan'tcomeintomyroomwithout（沒有）askingme.Intheevening,theBrownsgotobedbutMarydoesn't.SheisnothappybecauseshethinkstherearetoomanyrulesattheBrowns'home.Withherjacket,Marygoestothetrainstation.Shelikesitbecausethere'renorulesthere.（1）HowlongdoesittakeMarytogettotheBrowns'home?（不超過5個詞）（2）WhatfooddoesMarylikebest?（不超過5個詞）（3）WhyisMaryunhappy?（不超過15個詞）【答案】（1）Halfanhour.（2）Chicken.（3）BecauseshethinkstherearetoomanyrulesattheBrowns'home.【解析】【分析】文章