英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試模擬試卷

六級(jí)考試模擬試卷1PartI

Writing

(30minutes)注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。Directions：Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPsychologicalProblemsamongCollegeStudents.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.目前很多大學(xué)生存在著較嚴(yán)重的心理問(wèn)題2.造成這些心理問(wèn)題的原因3.應(yīng)該采取什么措施來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題PartIIReading(skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)Directions：Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion17,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,andD）.Forquestions8—10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.MainEnergiesfortheBodyAbalanceddietisonethatprovidesanadequateintakeofenergyandnutrientsformaintenanceofthebodyandthereforegoodhealth.Adietcaneasilybeadequatefornormalbodilyfunctioning,yetmaynotbeabalanceddiet.

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesarearapidsourceofenergy,theyarethebody'sfuel.Thebulkofabalanceddietshouldbemadefromcarbohydrates.Ifeateninanexcessofthedietaryrequirementscarbohydratesareeasilystoredasfatsinthecells,althoughcarbohydrateisthefirstsourceofenergyinthebody.Anaverageadultrequiresabout12,000kJofenergyaday,mostofthisissuppliedbytherespirationofcarbohydratesinthecells.Carbohydratesareusedprincipallyasarespiratorysubstrates,i.e.tobeoxidizedtoreleaseenergyforactivetransport,macromoleculesynthesis,celldivisionandmusclecontraction.Carbohydratesaredigestedintheduodenumandileumandabsorbedasglucoseintocells.Sourcesofcarbohydratessuchasstarcharerice,potatoes,wheatandothercereals.Sugarsarealsocarbohydrates,sourcesofsugarsarerefinedsugar-sucrose,whichisafoodsweetenerandpreservativeandfruitsugars-fructose.Ifthedietlackscarbohydratestoresoffataremobilizedandusedasanenergysource.

ProteinsProteinisnotadirectsourceofenergyinthebody,itisusedprimarilyforgrowthandrepairofbodytissueswhileremaininganenergysourceasalastresort.Proteinsfulfillawidevarietyofrolesinthebody.Theyarebrokendowninthestomachandintestinestoaminoacidswhicharethenabsorbed.Thebodycanonlyform8aminoacidstobuildproteinsfrom,thedietmustprovideEssentialAminoAcids(EAAs)whicharesynthesizedintoproteinswhichcanbestructural,i.e.collageninbone,keratininhair,myosinandactininmuscle;metabolicenzymes,hemoglobin,protectiveantibodiesandcommunicativehormones.

Sourcesofproteinincludemeat,fish,eggsandpulses.Thedietneedstoprovide8EAAsasthebodyisunabletosynthesisproteinswithoutthesemolecules.2otheraminoacidsaresynthesizedfromEAAssoifthedietlackstheoriginalEAAstheseothertwowillnotbepresenteither.Phenylalanineisconvertedtotyrosineandmethionineisconvertedtocysteine.Cellsdrawuponapoolofaminoacidsforproteinsynthesiswhicheithercomefromdietaryproteindigestedandabsorbedinthegutandthebreakdownofbodyproteinsuchasmuscle.However,unlikefatsandcarbohydratesthereisnostoreofaminoacidsforcellstodrawon,anyaminoacidinexcessofimmediatebodilyrequirementsisbrokendownintoureaandexcreted.Itisthereforeimportanttomaintainthedietaryintakeofproteineveryday.Ifthebodylacksprotein,musclewastingoccursasmuscleisbrokendown.

Ifproteinislackedinadietapersondevelopskwashiorkorwhichiscausedwhenhighlevelsofcarbohydratesareeatentoovercomethelackofproteininthediet.Onesymptomofkwashiorkoristheabnormalcollectionoffluidaroundtheabdomenduetothelackofproteinintheblood.Thebodycannotretainwaterbyosmosisandfluidaccumulatesintissuescausingthemtobecomewaterlogged.

VitaminCategories

Vitaminscannotbesynthesizedbythebodysomustbesuppliedbydiet.Vitaminshavenocommonstructureorfunctionbutareessentialinsmallamountsforthebodytobeabletoutilizeotherdietarycomponentsefficiently.

Vitaminsfallintotwocategories,fatsolublevitaminssuchasvitaminA,D,EandKwhichareingestedwithfattyfoodsandwatersolublevitaminssuchastheBgroupvitaminsandvitaminC.Vitaminsareknownasmicronutrientsbecauseonlysmallquantitiesarerequiredforahealthydiet,infactfatsolublevitaminscanbetoxicinhighconcentrations,forexamplethebodystoresvitaminA,orretinol,intheliverasitistoxicifkeptinhighconcentrationsinthebloodstream,adoseofmorethan3300mgofvitaminAcanbeconsideredtoxic.WatersolublevitaminssuchasvitaminCandBgroupsvitaminscanbeexcretedintheurineifinexcessinthediet.

VitaminsA

VitaminAisessentialtotheproperfunctioningoftheretinaintheeyeandtheepithelialtissues.AlackofvitaminAresultsindry,roughskin,inflammationoftheeyes,adryingorscarringofthecornea-xerophthalmia,whichoccurswhenthesecretionoflubricatingtearsisstopped,theeyelidsbecomeswollenandstickywithpus.Mucoussurfacesoftheeyemaybecomeerodedallowinginfectiontosetin,leadingtoulcerationanddestructionofthecornea.Nightblindness-aninabilitytoseeindimlightcanalsooccur.Rodcellsintheretinaoftheeyedetectlightoflowintensity,theyconvertvitaminAintoapigment,rhodopsin,whichisbleachedwhenlightenterstheeye.Rodcellsresynthesisrhodopsin,butifthereisadeficiencyofthevitamin,rodcellscannolongerfunctionandtheresultisnightblindness.Epithelialcellsuseretinoltomakeretinoicacid,anintracellularmessengerusedincelldifferentiationandgrowth.Withoutretinoicacidepithelialcellsarenotmaintainedproperlyandthebodybecomessusceptibletoinfections,particularlymeaslesandinfectionsoftherespiratorysystemandgut.

Xenophthalmiaiscommonamongchildrenwho'sdietsconsistofmainlycerealswithlittlemeatorfreshvegetables,thisiscommoninIndonesia,Bangladesh,IndiaandthePhilippines.

VitaminsDVitaminD,orcalciferol,isanotherfatsolublesteroidvitaminwhichfunctionstostimulatecalciumuptakefromthegutanditsdepositioninbone.vitaminDactsasahormonewhenconvertedbyenzymesinthegutandliverintoanactiveformof"activevitaminD",whichstimulatesepithelialcellsintheintestinetoabsorbcalcium.vitaminDisthereforeessentialingrowingchildren'sdietstoenablethegrowthofstrongbones.WithoutadequateamountsofvitaminDchildrencandeveloprickets,whichisthedeformationofthelegscausedwhentheylackcalciumtostrengthenthebones.InadultsalackofvitaminDinthedietcanleadtoosteomalacia,aprogressivesofteningoftheboneswhichcanmakethemhighlysusceptibletofracture.

VitaminDismadebythebodywhenexposedtosunlightandisstoredinthemuscles,however,iftheskinisrarelyexposedtothesunlightorisdarklittlevitaminDisproduced.FoodssuchaseggsandoilyfishareallrichinvitaminD.

VitaminsKVitaminK,phylloquinone,isfoundindarkgreenleafyvegetablessuchasspinachandkale.Itisafatsolublevitaminwhichisinvolvedintheclottingprocessofblood.IntheintestinesbacteriasynthesizeanumberofimportantclottingfactorswhichneedvitaminK.WithoutvitaminKcutscanfailtohealandinternalbleedingcanoccur.

VitaminsCVitaminCisawatersolublevitamin,knownchemicallyasascorbicacid.Itisfoundincitrusfruitssuchasorangesandlemons,andalsoinpotatoesandtomatoes.ThemainfunctionofvitaminCistheformationofconnectivetissuessuchascollagen.Itisalsoknowntobeanantioxidantwhichhelpstoremovetoxinsandaidstheimmunesystem.AlackofvitaminCleadstoScurvy,aconditionexperiencedbysailorsonlongjourneyswhentheydidnothavefruitintheirdiets.Scurvycausespainful,bleedinggums.AsvitaminCiswatersoluble,itisnottoxicinhighdosesasitcanbeexcretedintheurine,veryhighdosescanhowevercausediarrhea.

VitaminsBBgroupvitaminshaveawiderangeofrolesactingasco-enzymesinmetabolicpathways.Theyarefoundinmostplantandanimaltissuesinvolvedinmetabolism,thereforefoodssuchasliver,yeastanddairyproductsareallrichinBgroupvitamins.DeficiencyofBgroupvitaminsincludedermatitis,fatigueandmalformationofredbloodcells.

1.Anadultneedsabout12,000kJofenergyadayfrom________.A.thecellB.therespiringprocessofcarbohydratesC.fatsinthecellD.abalanceddiet2.Carbohydratesareultimatelyabsorbedintocellsintheprocessof_______.A.digestionB.respirationC.oxidizationD.mobilization3.TheEssentialAminoAcidswhichbuildpartofproteinscanbeobtainedfrom______.A.stomachB.bodytissuesC.thebodyD.thediet4.Theultimatecauseofkwashiorkorislackof________.A.proteinB.carbohydratesC.vitaminsD.diet5.Vitaminsarecalled“micronutrients”inthat_________.A.excessivefatsolublevitaminscanbeexcretedintheurineB.thebodyonlyrequiressmallamountofvitaminsC.adoseof3300mgofvitaminscanbeconsideredtoxicD.thehighconcentrationsofwatersolublevitaminsaretoxic6.Nightblindnessisadiseasenormallycausedbylackof__________.A.fatsolublevitaminsB.watersolublevitaminsC.vitaminA D.innatedisability7.ThemainfunctionofvitaminDistopreventadultsfrom________.A.thegrowthofstrongbonesB.fractureC.aprogressivesofteningofthebonesD.calciumuptakefromthegut8.AlthoughthehumanbodyproducesvitaminDnormally,itfailstodosoifthereisnotenough______________.9.ThereasonwhyvitaminCisseenasanantioxidantisthatitdrives__________outofthebody.10.IfyouareinlackofBgroupvitamins,youshouldturnto_______________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35mins)SectionADirections:InpartA,youwillhearshortconversationsbetweentwopeople.Aftereachconversation,youwillhearaquestionabouttheconversation.Thequestionsandthequestionswillnotberepeated.Afteryouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersinyourtestbookandchoosethebestanswer.Then,onyouranswersheet,findthenumberofthequestionandfillinthespacethatcorrespondstotheletteroftheansweryouhavechosen.11.(A)Shedoesn'twanttowasteherfilm.(B)Shealreadytookapictureofthemountains.(C)Shedoesn'thaveanymorefilm.(D)Shedoesn'tknowhowtousethecamera.12.(A)hedidn'tknowwhathospitalBillwasin(B)hetookBilltothehospital.(C)He'ssorrythewomanhurtherself.(D)Heforgottocallthewoman.13.(A)Borrowherbook.(B)Checktheclassroomagain.(C)Buyanewbook.(D)Askaboutthebookattheinformationdesk.14.(A)Spendmoretimeworkingoncalculusproblems.(B)Talktoanadvisoraboutdroppingthecourse.(C)Workontheassignmentwithaclassmate.(D)Askthegraduateassistantforhelp.15.(A)Hehasalreadyfinishedhisreport.(B)Hehasn'tchosenatopicforhisreport.(C)Thewoman'sreportisalreadylongenough.(D)Thewomanwillhavetimetofinishher16.(A)Stayinthedormitory.(B)Findoutthecostoflivinginthedormitory.(C)Askforareductioninherrent.(D)Moveintoanapartmentwitharoommate.17.(A)They'reextremelynoisy.(B)Theyshouldhavearrivedbynow.(C)Theyshouldbeallowedtoflythere.(D)They'renotonadefiniteschedule.18.(A)HealreadyhasplansforSaturdaynight.(B)ThewomanshoulddecidewheretoeatSaturday.(C)Thewomanshouldaskherbrotherforasuggestion.(D)Hewillmakeareservationattherestaurant.LongconversationsConversationI19(A)She’swritingresearchpapers(B)She’sworkingonaconservationproject(C)She’sstudyingforexams(D)She’sdoingherbiologyhomework

20(A)Shedoesn’tknowwhichtopictochoose(B)Herassignmentsaredueonthesameday(C)She’sconcernedaboutthespottedowl(D)Shedislikeshereconomicsclass

21(A)Ascarcityofjobsintheirfield(B)Inadequatetraininginmethodsofbiologicalresearch(C)Difficultiesinclassifyingallofthevarietiesofowls(D)Alackoffundingfortheirworkwithendangeredspecies22(A)Ithasnumeroustraitsincommonwiththespottedowl(B)Itspopulationisincreasing(C)Itmaynotsurvivewithoutspecialeffortsofconservationists(D)ItsroleinthechainofevolutionhasnotyetbeenexaminedConversationII23.(A)They'reclassmates.(B)They'reroommates.(C)They'recousins.(D)They'relabpartners.24.(A)Hecouldn'tdecideonatopicforhispaper.(B)Hethoughthispaperwaslate.(C)Hehadn'theardfromhisfamilyinawhile.(D)Hethoughtthewomanhadbeenill.25.(A)Tofindtheirwaybacktothenest.(B)Tolocateplantfibers.(C)Toidentifykindsofhoney.(D)Toidentifyrelatives.SectionBPassagecomprehensionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.(A)Watchaslideshowabouttrees.(B)LearnhowtopreventDutchelmdisease.(C)Studythehistoryofthecampusbuildingsandgrounds.(D)Lookatexamplesoftreesoncampus.27.(A)History.(B)Physicaleducation.(C)Botany.(D)Architecture.28.(A)Itsleavesareyellow.(B)Itsleavesarelopsided.(C)Itisverytall.(D)Itisnotanangiosperm.29.(A)Ithasgrowntootallforitsdesignatedspace.(B)Itmaybediseased.(C)Itsbranchesarebeingbrokenoff.(D)Itnolongerhearsfrom.PassageTwo30.(A)Jefferson'sviewsaboutcommercializedagriculture.(B)Internationaltradeinthenineteenthcentury(C)ImprovementsinfarmmachineryintheUnitedStates.(D)Farmers'lossofindependence31.(A)Cropproductionbecameincreasinglyspecialized.(B)Economicdepressionsloweredthepricesoffarmproducts.(C)Newbankinglawsmadeiteasytobuyfarmland.(D)TheUnitedStatesincreaseditsagriculturalimports.32.(A)Pricesforfarmproductsrose.(B)Farmersbecamemoredependentonloansfrombanks.(C)Jeffersonestablishedgovernmentprogramstoassistfarmers.(D)Farmersreliedlessonforeignmarkets.Passagethree33.(A)Inplaceofphysicaltherapy.(B)Tocontrolbrainseizures.(C)Topreventheatdisease.(D)Torelievetension.34(A)Theyliketohavemusicintheoperatingroom.(B)Theysolvedproblemsbetterwhilelisteningtomusictheyliked.(C)Theypreferredclassicalmusic.(D)Theyperformedbetterwhentheyusedheadphones.35.(A)Itincreasedthestudents’whilebloodcellcount.(B)Itincreasedsomestudents’energylevel.(C)Itimprovedthestudents’abilitytoplaymusicalinstruments.(D)Itreleasedanaturalpainkillerinsomestudents’bodies.SectionCCompoundDictation

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Sleepispartofaperson'sdaily36cycle.Thereareseveraldifferentstagesofsleepandthey37incycles,Ifyouarean38sleeper,yoursleepcycleisasfollows.Whenyoufirstdriftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillrollaboutabit,your39willdropslightly,your40willrelax,andyour41willslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowdownabittoowiththealpharhythmofratherfastwaves42forthefirstfewminutes.Thisiscalledstage1sleep.Forthenexthalfhourorsoasyourelaxmoreandmoreyouwilldriftdownthroughstage2andstage3sleeps.Theloweryourstageofsleepthesloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.Thenabout40to60minutesafteryoulose43youwillhavereachedthedeepestsleepofall.44.Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourthstageallnightlong,butinsteadabout80minutesafteryoufallintoslumber,yourbrainactivitylevelwillincreaseagainslightly.Thedeltarhythmwilldisappeartobereplacedbytheactivitypatternofbrainwaves.45______________________________________________________Thisperiodofrapideyemovementlastsforsome~to15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.ItisduringREMsleepthatmostdreamsseemtooccur________________46_______..YouwillslipgentlybackfromstageIto4.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions：Inthissection，thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.ThenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewordsonAnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoices.Therewill,however,beacost:protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhighstreetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefund(退款)whengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonthescreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theonlinecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicinesonlinemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

Consumerswillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort---andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

47.Whatcanpeoplebenefitfromthefast-growingdevelopmentofelectroniccommerce?

48.Whengoodsarefaulty,consumersinrichcountriestendtothinkthatitis______________whotakesresponsibilityforeverything.

49.Intheauthor’sview,whydobusinessesplaceahighpremiumonhonestdealingintheelectronicworld?

50.Peoplemayturnto_______________inthatFDAhastoostrictrules.

51._____________areprobablymorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsortwhenbuyingthings.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theimportanceofsymbolsasasourceofculturaldiversitycanbeseeninthedresscodesandhairstylesofdifferentsocieties.Inmostsituations,thesymbolismofclothingandhairstylescommunicatesdifferentmessagesrangingfrompoliticalbeliefstoidentificationwithspecificethnicorreligiousgroups.Thetartan(格子呢)ofaScottishclan,theblackleatherjacketandlonghairofamotorcyclegangmemberintheUnitedStates,andtheveilofanIslamicwomaninSaudiArabiaprovideasymbolicvocabularythatcreatesculturaldiversity.Manyexamplesofclothingstylescouldbeusedtoillustratehowsymbolsareusedtoproduceculturaldiversity.Consider,forinstance,changingdresscodesintheUnitedStates.Duringthe1960s,manyyoungpeopleworejeans,sandals,andbeadstosymbolizetheirrebellionagainstwhattheyconceivedastheconformistinclinationsofAmericansociety.Bythe1980s,manyofthesamepeoplewerewearing“powersuits”astheysoughttoadvanceupthecorporateladder.AnexampleofhowhairstylescancreatemeaningfulsymboliccodescanbeseeninagroupknownastheRastafarians(sometimesknownasRastasorRastaman)ofJamaica.ThemajorityofthepeopleofJamaicaareofAfricandescent.Duringtheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,theywerebroughttoJamaicabyEuropeanslavetraderstoworkonplantations.TheRastafariansareaspecificreligiousgroupwithinJamaicawhobelievethatHaileSelassie(1892-1975),theformeremperorofEthiopia,whoseoriginalnamewasRasTafari,wastheblackMessiahwhoappearedinthefleshfortheredemptionofallblacksexiledintheworldofwhiteoppression.RastafarianreligionfusesOldTestamentteachings,Christianmysticism,andAfro-Jamaicanreligiousbeliefs.TheRastafarianmovementoriginatedasaconsequenceofharsheconomic,political,andlivingconditionsintheslumsofJamaica.Inthe1950s,duringtheearlyphaseoftheRastafarianmovement,somemalemembersbegantogrowtheirhairin“l(fā)ocks”or“dreadlocks”tosymbolizetheirreligiousandpoliticalcommitments.ThishairstylebecamewellknowninWesternsocietythroughreggae(強(qiáng)節(jié)奏黑人音樂(lè))musicandRastamusicianssuchasthelateBobMarley.RastafariansderivethesymbolismofthedreadlockhairstyleoftheRastafariansfromtheBible.TheyviewtheunshavenmanasthenaturalmanandinvokeSamsonasoneofthemostimportantfiguresintheBible.DreadlocksalsoreflectadominantsymbolwithintheRastafarianmovement,thelion,whichisassociatedwithHaileSelassie,oneofwhosetitleswasthe“ConqueringLionofJudah(猶大).”Tosimulatethespiritofthelion,someRastasdonotcuttheirhair,sometimesgrowingtheirlocks20inchesormore.Thus,toagreatextent,cultureconsistsofanetworkofsymboliccodesthatenhancevalues,beliefs,worldviews,andideologieswithinasociety,Humansgotoagreatlengthtocreatesymbolsthatprovidemeaningforindividualsandgroups.Thesesymbolicmeaningsareapowerfulsourceofculturaldiversity.52.Whatisthemainideaofthisselection?

A．Hairstylesanddresscodesidentifypoliticalbeliefsindiversesocieties.

B．TheRastafarianmovementsymbolizedareligiousandpoliticalcommitment.

C．Symbolsprovidemeaningandasatisfactionofbiologicalneedsinsociety.

D．Hairstylesanddresscodescanbeimportantsymbolsofculturaldiversityindifferentsocieties.

53.TheauthorusestheexamplesoftheScottishtartan,themotorcyclejacket,andtheIslamicveiltoshow

.

A．thepoliticalpowerofdresscodesindifferentsocieties

B．thediversityofclothingstylesthroughouttheworld

C．dresscodesthatsymbolizedifferentethnicandreligiousgroups

D．theresistancetochangeofculturallydifferentgroups

54.Theauthorsuggeststhattheyoungpeoplewearingjeansinthe1960swore“powersuits”inthe1980sbecause

.

A．styleschangedB．theAmericangovernmentchanged

C．theirattitudesandgoalschangedD．bothoutfitssymbolizedrebellion

55.AllofthefollowingaretrueoftheRastafariansEXCEPT

.

A．theybelievethatEmperorHaileSelassiewastheblackMessiahB．theyaretheoriginalnativesofJamaica

C．theyareareligiousgroupwithpoliticalcommitmentsD．theyformedasaresultofharshlivingconditionsinJamaica

55.TheRastafarianmovementbegan

.

A．a(chǎn)tthebeginningofthenineteenthcenturyB．a(chǎn)roundthemiddleofthetwentiethcentury

C．beforeEuropeanslavetradersarrivedD．intheearlyeighteenthcenturyPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecasesaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtodazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone’sneedbutbythedateonone’sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent（有支付能力的）.Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat“elderly”and“needy”aresynonymous（同義的）.Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren’t.Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirr