2012年考研英語一真題答案及詳解

2012年考研英語SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshave eanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstill_9_betweenthecourtandTheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialdecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.

[D] [D] [D]

[D]5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.[D]re13.14.15.16.18.

[C]ina [D]asaSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Comeon–Everybody’sngit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobea throughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafeamongtheirpeers.critiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthnsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardnaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownAccordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialastimulustogroupanobstacletoschoolacauseofundesirableRosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocateslearnfromadvertisers’stayawayfromcommercialrecognizethelimitationsofIntheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsadequayprobesocialandbiologicaleffectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialillustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffectParagraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksofwillmisleadbehavioraloccurswithoutourrealizingcanproducenegativehealthTheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureisAdealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.,amajorenergyrinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thehasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerntrunning.It’sastunningmove.Thehasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowernt,anagingreactorinVernon.toseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionofthent’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thewentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthemademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.Nowtheissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdoVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.TheseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearntisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thehasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthe’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningByenteringintothe2002agreement,EntergyintendedseekfavorfromthefederalacquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicensegetpermissiontopurchaseapowerAccordingtoParagraph4,EntergyseemstohaveproblemswithfinancialbusinessIntheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewillEntergy’scapacitytofulfillallitsthematureofstates’patchworkthefederalauthorityovernuclearissuesthelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphEntergy’sbusinesselsewheremightbetheauthorityoftheNRCwillbeEntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthIntheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldthescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,now esthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingOnceadiscoveryclaim espublic,thediscovererreceivesinlectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureoftheactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblypanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,the ction betweensharedcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scredibleTwoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedas pleteorincorrect.Littlereward paniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandlingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.SometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandIntheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocesscorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofAccordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryuncertaintyandmisconceptionandlogicalityandessandItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessstrictinspection.[B]sharedefforts.[C]individualwisdom.Paragraph3showsthatadiscovery escredibleafterhasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity.[C]hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.AlbertSzent-Gy?rgyiwouldmostlikelyagreescientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.[B]discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch.[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleoftheNoveltyasanEngineofScientificCollectiveScrutinyinScientificEvolutionofCredibilityinngScience.[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoIfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericanernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.canshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers’unionskeepeyeonschools,theOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keethepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfacedoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehas eclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicanernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandtheoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphTeamstersstillhavealargebodyofJimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilunionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership.[D]theernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraphPublic-sectorunionsareprudentintakingEducationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionLaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thatthe einthestatesectoris[D]fairlyadjusted.TheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthatunions[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.[B]canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes.[C]maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.[D]aredominantinthe JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneofPartBInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeronewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourinYouaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcomeThesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunctionasatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,pianoandradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)thatservesasthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andceofpraiseandcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butforallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwithcaution.(42)Icallitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealisethattherearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumptionmode.Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyareng.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewupload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsmakenests.Yetforthemostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.Humansareuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture-andsuperfluousexperiences-music,liture,religionandphilosophy.(43)Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.Evenaftertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingcontenttojustconsume.evisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardestthatevisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconceptof"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersOfcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimaywhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefiningconstituentofhumanity.Applicationslike wordsandothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoaddstickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningNotonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-whose ewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.ThechallengethecomputermountstoevisionthusbearsyersbeingrecedbyCDyers.Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepasthalf-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium-evision-andevisionisdefinedbyThenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianframework.(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverything—asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.It inglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorynonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.(47)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforitallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtshipritualsmightallbeconsideredreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryareernedbyuniversal(48)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.That,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrrsinthelightoftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinThemostfamousoftheseeffortswasinitiatedbyNoamChomsky,whosuggestedthathumansarebornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitionsufficienttounfoldtheentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitsoquickly.(49)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachlanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraintsGrayandhiscolleagueshaveputthemtothetestbyexaminingfour languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrrshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytracked Greenbergianuniversalitypredicts thesepatternsisborneoutbytheysis,suggestingthatthestructuresofthelanguagesarelireage-specificandnoternedbyuniversalsSectionIIIWritingPartA51.aninthenameoftheStudents’Uniontoextend eprovidesomesuggestionsfortheircampuslifenameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress(10points)PartB52.Directions:writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawingexinitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20SectionⅠUseof2012年的完型填空是有關(guān)司和政治關(guān)系的一篇文章，出自NewYorkTimesJune30th2011的“EthicsPoliticsandtheLaw”一結(jié)構(gòu)容易把握而且較去年比較“”的文章這篇法律類文章背后有一定的背景知識比較關(guān)注或者對這一塊兒有所011就是0年出現(xiàn)了處，今年也出現(xiàn)處。僅有2道題考查邏輯詞，而且這兩道題是送分題，不需要考慮太多。一向是命題人偏愛的以abe”作后綴的形容詞依然出現(xiàn)(9題)。下面就作一個(gè)詳細(xì)解析。題1B。maintain.此空有賴于對后文的理解。這直接體現(xiàn)了我們果們和一樣就不能捍衛(wèi)自己作為法律衛(wèi)道士的。題2選A。這里的when其實(shí)表示條件關(guān)系，即“如果……。題3選擇weakened文語義題+詞義辨析選項(xiàng)含義差別較大，要求對上下文邏輯關(guān)系掌握清楚。Yet表示一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折：“即使這樣，還是有很多這樣做，損害了獨(dú)立和公正的名聲?！北绢}如果能把導(dǎo)向把握準(zhǔn)，即可定位在BD兩項(xiàng)，Deliminated過于絕對排除題4選.accee。上下文語義。依然是通過上下文邏輯關(guān)系，按段精度解題這段用兩個(gè)參與的例子說明他們的行為使得的裁決不偏不倚而被認(rèn)可變得不太可能。A選項(xiàng)caeed和C項(xiàng)ed意義相反，和主旨，即肯定了參與政治行為。B項(xiàng)oosed“調(diào)?！焙蜔o關(guān)。題5選C。上下文語義題。本段屬于總分形式。首先提出參與們不受道德準(zhǔn)則的約束?！逼渌?xiàng)不合邏輯，均不具干擾題6B。完型填空在歷史上對于subject這個(gè)詞一向情有獨(dú)鐘。年考查的意思都一致，即“易……”，考查形式有“issubjectedto”，“issubjectto”以及“subjectsb.tosth。(使得容易)”。今年依”，“應(yīng)該依行為準(zhǔn)則辦事”。至于選項(xiàng)Aresistant和Cimmune兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)和subject這三個(gè)詞在04年的第8道題也同時(shí)出現(xiàn)?！癇eimmuneto”指“對…免疫，不起作用”?？梢姾芏鄷r(shí)候命題人不總以題7D.applied。上下文語義題。選項(xiàng)所在的句子是定語從句，修飾前面的“codeofconduct”，即“應(yīng)該讓自己服從于那些也同樣應(yīng)用于其他的行為準(zhǔn)則”A項(xiàng)resortto：訴諸于，求助于:leadto，導(dǎo)致。意義不符，直接排除題8選B.ase。上下文語義+固定搭配。aseteqesonof”提出了…的問題這一句是承上啟下段全文的導(dǎo)向是“應(yīng)該和政治分離開來然后引出例子緊接著就引出了這句話這些提出了問題究竟和政治之間是否還存在界限”言下之意和和政治總是撇不清關(guān)系符合全文導(dǎo)向A.eae“規(guī)”和D項(xiàng)“”C項(xiàng)否決和后面的esoneter構(gòu)不成搭配。9Aline。上下文語義+固定搭配?！癮linebetween…”：“在存在或劃清界限”題10Bas。介詞用法。envision…as…把……預(yù)想成為題11Aso。邏輯關(guān)系詞。前后句明顯是因果關(guān)系，so引導(dǎo)一個(gè)題1選.se.上下文語義題被賦予永恒地位因而可以題13選.cte.上下文語義題。有了這種地位做保障，也就不需要再去花心思培養(yǎng)發(fā)展政治支持。題14Dtied文語義題?！胺ㄖ葡到y(tǒng)旨在將政治與法律相分題15A.concepts。詞義辨析題?！發(fā)iberty”和“property”同屬社會基本理念而不是theories理論)divisions分支)D常指具體的或個(gè)人的理念而非籠統(tǒng)意義的理念題16選C.shapes?？疾槭煸~僻義?！癝hapean”，作出計(jì)劃。本詞所在的句子為省略了that的定語從句?！爱?dāng)處理社會政策決議的問題時(shí)，它們制定出來的法律將不可避免的政治化?！鳖}17選A.sssed?？疾槭煸~僻義。Dsss在這里意為“考慮遭拒這就解釋了為什么不同導(dǎo)致的決議總是被認(rèn)為不公正因而不予考慮。題18選.adess。依然考查熟詞僻義。最后一段提出建議。希望們必須處理人們對于的質(zhì)疑。aess”一詞作為0年的完型中最后一段adessteeesofeoeess”，解決無家可歸者的需求。只不過當(dāng)年這里并沒有設(shè)空。其他三項(xiàng)均不符合邏輯。題19.Daccountable.+熟詞僻義題和第二段的題6構(gòu)成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)?！癰eaccountableto…”不是“可解釋的”，而是指“有義務(wù)，對…負(fù)責(zé)”?！癰eagreeableto”是“愉快的;同意的”;雖然也有“適合的，符合品位的”的意思，但題中to后面接的是code，不合邏輯?！癮greeabletoeverybody:適合于所有人”A“beaccessibleto…,可接近…，能得到的”和B項(xiàng)“amiable”和藹可親的，與無關(guān)。題20.Dasaresult邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ)項(xiàng)byallmeansB項(xiàng)atallcosts用法一致，切含義相近，首先排除。Cinaword是“總之”，總結(jié)全文下結(jié)論時(shí)用，而且多用在句首。這里and連接詞前面的內(nèi)容是“讓和政治分離開來”，后面的內(nèi)容是“更能服人顯然兩者是因果關(guān)系SectionⅡReadingPartAAccordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemerges根據(jù)第一段，同齡人的壓力通常以什么樣的狀態(tài)出asupplementtothesocialcure對于社會治療的補(bǔ)astimulustogroupdynamics對團(tuán)隊(duì)的刺anobstacletoschoolprogress學(xué)校進(jìn)步的acauseofundesirablebehaviors一些不良行為的解析：答案為D。細(xì)節(jié)題：選項(xiàng)：acauseofundesirablebehaviors對應(yīng)文中Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasual。題干中的often對應(yīng)原文中的usually;undesirablebehaviors對應(yīng)nogood-drinking,drugsandcasual.lead與cause。同義替換，難度不Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocates認(rèn)為公共支持者應(yīng)該recruitprofessionaladvertisers招募職業(yè)的learnfromadvertisers’experience從人那里學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers遠(yuǎn)離商業(yè)recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements認(rèn)識到的局限性should定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure。分別對public-healthadvocates和oughtto，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中課看出來正確選項(xiàng)可能和advertiser或者advertisement有關(guān)，從而把目光鎖定在takeapagefromadvertisers，但是很多同學(xué)都不知道它是什么意思，但是這可從后文的，soskilledatapplying，(也能熟練的運(yùn)用)，再對照四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不難選出正確答案B，Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfails作者認(rèn)為Rosenberg的書未adequayprobesocialandbiologicalfactors足夠的探究社會和effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure有效地逃避社會治療illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding例證出國家基金的producealong-lastingsocialeffect產(chǎn)生長期的社會解析：答案為A?？疾樽髡叩挠^點(diǎn);從題干中可看出，題目問的是Rosenberg’sbook不能(怎么樣)也就是問他的不足，通過book對應(yīng)第四段第二句的斜體為書名，對應(yīng)題干中的book,不足;后面一句中的主語JointheClub為此人所寫，所以后面的表述就是他的觀點(diǎn)：notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.：explorationprobe，同義替換，notenoughoton也和asoaeuy對應(yīng)這個(gè)題難度也不大，能明確poe可能是引起考試不敢選擇A9B答案是因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)中除了por這個(gè)單詞不認(rèn)識外，其他的剛好Apoe這個(gè)詞的考生就不敢選擇A答案了。Paragraph5showsthatourimitationof第五段表明對于行為的模isharmfultoournetworksoffriends對于朋友的網(wǎng)絡(luò)是有willmisleadbehavioralstudies會誤導(dǎo)對于行為的occurswithoutourrealizingit在沒有的時(shí)候就出現(xiàn)canproducenegativehealthhabits會產(chǎn)生不良的健康習(xí)解析：答案為C。細(xì)節(jié)題;通過題干中iaon和eaos可定位于第五段最后一句。hssasbeomofeerpesse:eoscoslyieeeaoreseeeveryynoscosy，ste這個(gè)詞在我們4年2題的答案選擇的是D答案：Someomofsciiaonsosteoeoge,大家可以看一下這道題和以前考過的題出現(xiàn)的相似性。Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis作者在最后一段中認(rèn)為同齡人壓力的效果是harmful有害desirable令人滿profound意義深遠(yuǎn)questionable值得懷答案為D查作者對同齡人壓力效果的態(tài)Farlesscertain,however,is…，第一句中invirtuous正直的，有效的)directions是大家不認(rèn)識也不會影響句子的理解，因?yàn)榫o接著第二句在舉例，就像那些老師為了將后排搗亂的學(xué)生分開而將他們和他們與表現(xiàn)好的學(xué)生安排在一塊，Thetacticneverreallyworks…(這些策略(方法)不是真正起作用的)表明作者認(rèn)為同齡人壓力效果是不2年考研英語閱讀的文章來源于 性文章題為VermontYankeent’sownermusthonoritsownpromises.文章的題材屬于信息科技類文章講述的是有關(guān)NewEngland一家公司了核電站后核能源的一些相關(guān)規(guī)定后所引起的一些爭議。就文章本身而言，放置在Reading的第二篇，難度不能算大。因agingreaction通過上下文的揣摩和推判斷出這些生詞C語義題。考的是一個(gè)詞匯在文章中的特定含義。Renegingon出現(xiàn)在文章中的第一段。我們先從選項(xiàng)入手。A.condemning譴責(zé)B.reaffirming重申，再肯定C.dishonoring拒付，丟臉，不光彩D.securing，保護(hù)從文中我們可以看到，公司的這種行為激起了引起了群眾的，并且需要和commitment構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以綜合考慮，可以先排除AD選項(xiàng)。而B選項(xiàng)“重申”，是一個(gè)中性詞，A加入20年的協(xié)議，ney需要把信息定位到文章第段，第四行，…eageedoseekerssonfomeeglosooeeast21公司同意21年以后的運(yùn)營AerotB選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在eea”C選項(xiàng)D選項(xiàng)提到獲得一個(gè)電廠的與原文中“已經(jīng)了唯一的一個(gè)核電站”的A身內(nèi)部也存在一系列的問題?？v觀選項(xiàng)：A。管理實(shí)踐B。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新C.財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)D.商業(yè)前景公司的問題，并且是內(nèi)部的，最A(yù)管理實(shí)踐方面出現(xiàn)的問題。和財(cái)務(wù)，前景以及技術(shù)方Berot我們可以把信息定位到文章第段第-5ealschoassyhteontaseiloerapecee-seigetofhowartheseesed我們可A和.余下的B選項(xiàng)和DB的意思是各州這些比較雜亂的制度的成D終選擇B選項(xiàng)因?yàn)槲恼碌氖窃谥父髦萑绾蝸磉\(yùn)用自己的權(quán)利，而非強(qiáng)調(diào)局限性。B推斷題提到一個(gè)：NRC需要定位到文章最后一個(gè)段落。章最后一句提到：BtasteCevewsesaplao,tsoldeeptmndwatfomegyaeoh?！庇门懦?，可以先排除選項(xiàng)D名譽(yù)可能會損壞與原文不符，因?yàn)樵恼f道saeayaae.接下來，從文章中可以看到公司申請是有關(guān)年限延長的申請而非能不能在PlothC.而A選項(xiàng)中提到公司在其他地方的生意會受到影響恰恰與文章描述相反。所以綜上所述正確選項(xiàng)為B也就是說這一系列的已經(jīng)對C的構(gòu)成了一種。文章解析本自eScens(《科學(xué)家》) 出的題為“eotonofeiiiy”的文章。文章圍繞信度的演變這一話題展開論述?？茖W(xué)是如何打造而成?在理想化的版本中，關(guān)于世界的事實(shí)有待客觀的科研人員展開收集工作但在實(shí)際的科研工作中科學(xué)探索通常是不確定的復(fù)雜過程每個(gè)人所固有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識和偏向影響科研的過程和結(jié)果因此通常所說的研究成果我們只能稱之為前科學(xué)即處于假說或不完善階段有待驗(yàn)證的理論如何才能讓其完善成熟成為科學(xué)呢?首先需要接受來自相關(guān)領(lǐng)域知識界的驗(yàn)證。如研究成果要需過編輯和評論家那關(guān);然后其他科研者可能會你的文章可能會將其應(yīng)用到科技上也可能會出現(xiàn)新的研究成果這個(gè)互動(dòng)共享競爭的過程將單個(gè)的研究成果演變?yōu)楣姷男哦葯z測。研究不完善或錯(cuò)誤的領(lǐng)域，他們極少對已經(jīng)驗(yàn)證過的東西有。否定再者新的研究成果本身就會引起質(zhì)疑你的研A.uncertaintyandcomplexity同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，為正確選項(xiàng)。B第二段第三句ittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptanceto…選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)了相同意思，為同義句。再者，第二段為承上啟下段，后B此為段落概括的A是無關(guān)選項(xiàng)文中沒有提到;選項(xiàng)C，DD，此題較難，很容易。首先，選項(xiàng)A，B可以排除，因?yàn)锳BAlert有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性，且非常清晰，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是最好的識別標(biāo)志。另外，根據(jù)句子意思，選項(xiàng)C與段落關(guān)聯(lián)不大，因此D為最佳答案。C，此題為全文主旨題，較為容這是出 年月號的一篇文章，題為Enemiesofprogress：Thebiggestbarriertopublic-sectorre