博士英語作業(yè)

Thecommentsonthediscussionsectionofthesecondarticle

Structureofthediscussionsection

Move1：Highlightingtheoverallresearchoutcome(paragraph1)

Thissectionisanexplicitaffirmationthattheauthorsperformedtheexperimentsthattheysetouttoperform,oransweredtheirresearchquestion.''Inthisstudy,weaimedtosupportpolicymakersinmakinginformeddecisionsabouttravel-relatedinterventionsthatcoulddecreaseriskstocurrentlyunaffectedcountriesbutwhichcouldconcurrentlyhaveadverseeconomic,health,socialandhumanitarianconsequencestoaffectedcountries(panel)."

Move2:Explainingspecificresearchoutcome(paragraph2-9).Thisisachievedinanumberofstepsasfollows.Thetraditionalstepofcomparestheirnewresultswiththoseofpreviousstudiesisabsent.

Step1(paragraph2-3):

Thisisareiterationofthemainobservations.“Wedeterminedthatthevolumeofinternationalairtrafficdepartingthethreecountries.……TostudythepotentialforEbolavirusexportation Asshowninouranalysisand

witnessedbytheimportedcaseofEbolavirusintoNigeriaandtheUSA,thepotentialforfurtherinternationalspreadviaairtravelremainspresent.Ofadditionalconcernisthattheanticipateddestinationsofmorethan60%oftravelersdepartingGuinea,Liberia,andSierraLeonearetolow-incomeorlower-middleincomecountries..■…''Oneintervention,whichcouldhelp Exitscreeningwould

help……”

Step2(paragraph4-5):

Step2isanexplicitstatementofsignificanceoftheresults.Forexample,“Ouranalysesshowthatexitscreeningatinternationalpointsofdeparturewouldoffergreaterefficiency,andmightbesimplertoperationalise,”“Hence,screeningtravellersonmultisegmentflightstotheirfinaldestinationwouldprobablyhaveminimumbenefitstounaffectedcountriesbutcouldincurimportantopportunitycosts”

Step3(paragraph6-7):

Thethirdstepjustifiestheresultsbyconfirmingthatthemethodswereappropriatetoresearchquestion.

^educationalandcommunicationstrategiescouldbeusedtofurtherreducetheriskofinternationalspreadofEbolavirusortorapidlyidentifynewimportedcases.”“InadditiontotheuseofairtrafficpatternstoidentifyglobalgeographiesatincreasedriskofEbolavirusimportation,publichealthofficialscouldmakeuseofnationaldemographicdatatoproactivelyengageforeign-borndiasporapopulationsfromcountriescurrentlyaffectedbyEbolavirus.”

Step4(paragraph8-9):

Thisstepdiscussesthelimitationsintheirpaperandinthosetheyhavecited,includingtechnicallimitationsimposedbymethods.Forexample,“Ourstudyislimitedbytheabsenceofdemographicdataforairtravellersortheirintendedpurposefortravel.”“Finally,ouranalysisdoesn^ttakeintoconsiderationgroundtravel,whichisanimportantsourceofpopulationmobilitywithinthis

region,andislikelytobeassociatedwithlocaltransmission,asseenwiththerecentimportedcaseintoSenegal.”“TheextremelyhighvirulenceofEbolavirus,theabsenceofantiviraldrugsorvaccinesthathavebeenproventobesafeandeffective”

Move3:Statingresearchconclusions(paragraph10)

Thismoveisfrequentlysignaledbytheuseofwordssuchas“conclusion”and“summary”,andoftenprovidesthe“yesorno”answertothehypothesis.However,theauthorsgiveusconclusionunusuallyinthisarticle.Publichealthinterventionstoglobalthreatsmadebyindividualcountriesmustusethebestavailableevidencetobe^commensuratewithandrestrictedtopublichealthrisksandavoidunnecessaryinterferencewithinternationaltrafficandtrade.”

Languagefeature

Sentencepatterns：

Theauthorusedsomeconcisesentencepatternsto

supporttheirviewpoint.Forexample,“weaimedto 〃

“Wedeterminedthat^^”“Ouranalysesshowthat……”“Ofadditionalconcernisthat^^”“Ouranalysisaimsto^...”

verbs:Asshownwitnessed

Certainverbsareusedinthediscussionsection,differentfromwhichusedinthemethodsandresultssection(analyse,estimate,calculate,andsoon).Forexample,show,witness,limit,aim,determine,compare,assessandassume."weaimedto ”“We

determinedthat.……”“Ouranalysesshowthat ”

AdjectiveandAdverbial:

Theseadjectiveandadverbialwereusedtomakethesentencesconciselyandcoherently.Forexample,effectively,benefited,hence,although,furthermore,moreover,inadditiontoandinviewof.

“Furthermore,inviewofthenon-specificsymptomsofearlyEbolavirusinfection”“Moreover,theshortflightdurationsoutofaffectedcountries,comparedwiththe

muchlongerincubationperiodofEbolavirus,indicatesthatifexitscreeningfromaffectedcountrieswereimplementedeffectively”

Tenseandvoice:

Tense:

Theauthorintroducedthepurposeofthestudyagain,sothepasttensewasusedinmove1.Forexample,“weaimedtosupportpolicymakers”Inthestep1ofmove2,asstudyhasbeencompleted,thestatementisinthepasttense.“Wedeterminedthatthevolumeofinternationalairtrafficdepartingthethreecountries..■…”Thepresenttenseischaracteristicofstep2.“Ouranalysesshowthat.?????“Inthefinalstepofmove2,mostofsentencesusedthepasttense,weassumedthattheriskofexposuretoEbolaviruswasuniformacrosstheentirepopulationandsimilarfortravellersandnon-travellers.Thepresenttenseisalwaysintheconclusions."commensuratewithandrestrictedtopublichealthrisksandavoidunnecessaryinterferencewithinternationaltrafficandtrade.”Theresultshasbeencompleted,sothepresentperfecttensewasused.^Countrieshavebeenscreeningtravellersarrivingattheirbordersforcenturiestoprotecttheirownhealth,security,andconomicinterests.”

Voice:

Thepassivevoiceandactivevoicewereusedalternately.Forexpresstheattitudeoftheauthors,theactivevoiceispredominantinthediscussionsectionofthesecondarticle.“Wedeterminedthat ouranalyses

showthat ”“Oneintervention,whichcould

help Exitscreeningwouldhelp ”Thepassivevoice

wasusedtobalancethearticle.”EducationalandcommunicationstrategiescouldbeusedtofurtherreducetheriskofinternationalspreadofEbolavirusortorapidlyidentifynewimportedcases.”“Ourstudyislimitedbytheabsenceofdemographicdataforairtravellersortheirintendedpurposefortravel”

Summarry:

Thisdiscussionsectionisaplacetointerpretyourresultsagainstabackgroundofexistingknowledge.Explainwhatisnewinyourwork,anddiscussboththelimitations

andtheimplicationsofyourresults,andrelateobservations

tootherrelevantstudies.Thisdiscussionsectionofthesecondarticleislogicalandearnest.Firstly,therewasaglobalinfectiousdiseasethreatstheword.Thentheauthorsfoundthesolutionthatscreeningshouldbedoneatthepointofexitfromaffectedcountries.Entryscreeningatinternationalairportstowhichnodirectflightsarearrivingfromaffectedcountrieswouldbehighlyinefficient.However,theaffectedcountriesareverypoor.Howtogetthemaximumef