2015年GRE考試閱讀理解：每日一練(十三至十五)

2015年GRE考試閱讀理解：每日一練

(十三至十五)

十三

Exercise13

JeanWagner‘smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbeanalyzedinareligious,aswellassecular,frameofLinereference.Theappropriatenessofsuchanapproachmayseemself-evidentforatraditioncommencingwithspiritualsandowingitsearlyforms,rhythms,vocabulary,andevangelicalfervortoWesleyanhymnals.ButbeforeWagnerasecularoutlookthatanalyzedBlackpoetrysolelywithinthecontextofpoliticalandsocialprotestwasdominantinthefield.ItisWagnerwhofirstdemonstratedtheessentialfusionofracialandreligiousfeelinginAfro-Americanpoetry.Thetwo,heargued,formasymbioticunioninwhichreligiousfeelingsareoftenappliedtoracialissuesandracialproblemsareoftenprojectedontoametaphysicalplane.WagnerfoundthismosteloquentlyillustratedintheBlackspiritual,wherethedesireforfreedominthisworldandthehopeforsalvationinthenextareinextricablyintertwined.

(159words)

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

(A)contrastthetheoriesofJeanWagnerwiththoseofothercontemporarycritics

(B)documenttheinfluenceofJeanWagneronthedevelopmentofAfro-Americanpoetry

(C)explaintherelevanceofJeanWagner‘sworktothestudyofAfro-Americanreligion

(D)indicatetheimportanceofJeanWagner‘sanalysisofAfro-Americanpoetry(E)presentthecontributionsofJeanWagnertothestudyofBlackspirituals

2.AllofthefollowingaspectsofAfro-Americanpoetryarereferredtointhe

passageashavingbeeninfluencedbyWesleyanhymnalsEXCEPT

(A)subjectmatter

(B)wordchoice

(C)rhythm

(D)structure(E)tone

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,beforeWagner,moststudentsofAfro-Americanpoetrydidwhichofthefollowing?

(A)ContributedappreciablytothetransferofpoliticalprotestfromAfro-Americanpoetrytodirectpoliticalaction.

(B)IgnoredatleastsomeofthehistoricalrootsofAfro-Americanpoetry.

(C)AnalyzedfullytheaspectsofsocialprotesttobefoundinsuchtraditionalformsofAfro-AmericanpoetryastheBlackspiritual.

(D)RegardedasunimportantthedevelopmentofferventemotionalisminaportionofAfro-Americanpoetry.

(E)ConcentratedonthecomplexrelationsbetweenthetechnicalelementsinAfro-Americanpoetryanditspoliticalcontent.

Intheearly1950‘s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,Lineforthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelite:thekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchronicledbycontemporaries.Facedwiththissituation,manyhistoriansbasedtheirinvestigationsontheonlyrecordsthatseemedtoexist:birth,marriage,anddeathrecords.Asaresult,muchoftheearlyworkonthenonelitewasaridlystatisticalinnature;reducingthevastmajorityofthepopulationtoasetofnumberswashardlymoreenlighteningthanignoringthemaltogether.

Historiansstilldidnotknowwhatthesepeoplethoughtorfelt.Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheard,aswitnesses,plaintiffs,anddefendants.Thesedocumentshaveactedas―apointofentryintothementalworldofthepoor.‖HistorianssuchasLeRoyLaduriehaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups(theseattitudesinclude,butarenotconfinedto,attitudestowardcrimeandthelaw)andhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.Ithasbeensocietiesthathavehad

adevelopedpolicesystemandpracticedRomanlaw,withitswrittendepositions,whosecourtrecordshaveyieldedthemostdatatohistorians.InAnglo-Saxoncountrieshardlyanyofthesebenefitsobtain,butithasstillbeenpossibletogleaninformationfromthestudyoflegaldocuments.

Theextractionofcasehistoriesisnot,however,theonlyusetowhichcourtrecordsmaybeput.HistorianswhostudypreindustrialEuropehaveusedtherecordstoestablishaseriesofcategoriesofcrimeandtoquantifyindictmentsthatwereissuedoveragivennumberofyears.Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite.WealsoknowthatthenumberofindictmentsinpreindustrialEuropebearslittlerelationtothenumberofactualcriminalacts,andwestronglysuspectthattherelationshiphasvariedwidelyovertime.Inaddition,aggregatepopulationestimatesareveryshaky,whichmakesitdifficultforhistorianstocompareratesofcrimeperthousandinonedecadeofthepreindustrialperiodwithratesinanotherdecade.Giventheseinadequacies,itisclearwhythecasehistoryuseofcourtrecordsistobepreferred.

(473words)

4.Theauthorsuggeststhat,beforetheearly1950‘s,mosthistorianswhostudiedpreindustrialEuropedidwhichofthefollowing?

(A)FailedtomakedistinctionsamongmembersofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

(B)Usedinvestigatorymethodsthatwerealmostexclusivelystatisticalinnature.

(C)InaccuratelyestimatedtheinfluenceofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

(D)ConfinedtheirworktoanarrowrangeofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulation.

(E)Tendedtorelyheavilyonbirth,marriage,anddeathrecords.

5.Accordingtothepassage,thecasehistoriesextractedbyhistorianshave

(A)scarcelyilluminatedtheattitudesofthepoliticalandsocialelite

(B)indicatedthemannerinwhichthoseinpowerapportionedjustice

(C)focusedalmostentirelyonthethoughtsandfeelingsofdifferentsocialgroupstowardcrimeandthelaw

(D)beenconsideredthefirstkindofhistoricalwritingthatutilizedtherecordsoflegalcourts

(E)beenbasedforthemostpartonthetrialtestimonyofpoliceandotherlegalauthorities

6.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmuchoftheearlyworkbyhistoriansontheEuropeannoneliteofthepreindustrialperiodmighthavebeenmoreilluminatingifthesehistorianshad

(A)useddifferentmethodsofstatisticalanalysistoinvestigatethenonelite

(B)beenmoresuccessfulinidentifyingtheattitudesofcivilauthorities,especiallythosewhoadministeredjustice,towardthenonelite

(C)beenabletodrawonmoreaccounts,writtenbycontemporariesofthenonelite,thatdescribedwhatthisnonelitethought

(D)reliedmoreheavilyonthepersonalrecordsleftbymembersoftheEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelitewholivedduringtheperiodinquestion

(E)beenmorewillingtobasetheirresearchonthebirth,marriage,anddeathrecordsofthenonelite

7.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatahistorianwhowishedtocomparecrimeratesperthousandinaEuropeancityinonedecadeofthefifteenthcenturywithcrimeratesinanotherdecadeofthatcenturywouldprobablybemostaidedbybetterinformationaboutwhichofthefollowing?

(A)Thecausesofunrestinthecityduringthetwodecades

(B)Theaggregatenumberofindictmentsinthecitynearesttothecityunderinvestigationduringthetwodecades

(C)Thenumberofpeoplewholivedinthecityduringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation

(D)Thementalattitudesofcriminalsinthecity,includingtheirfeelingsaboutauthority,duringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation

(E)Thepossibilitiesforamemberofthecity‘snonelitetobecomeamemberofthepoliticalandsocialeliteduringthetwodecades

Mycorrhizalfungiinfectmoreplantsthandoanyotherfungiandarenecessaryformanyplantstothrive,buttheyhaveescapedwidespreadinvestigationuntilLinerecentlyfortworeasons.First,thesymbioticassociationissowell-balancedthattherootsofhostplantsshownodamageevenwhendenselyinfected.Second,thefungicannotasyetbecultivatedintheabsenceofalivingroot.Despitethesedifficulties,therehasbeenimportantnewworkthatsuggeststhatthissymbioticassociationcanbeharnessedtoachievemoreeconomicaluseofcostlysuperphosphatefertilizerand

topermitbetterexploitationofcheaper,lesssolublerockphosphate.Mycorrhizalbenefitsarenotlimitedtoimprovedphosphateuptakeinhostplants.Inlegumes,Mycorrhizalinoculationhasincreasednitrogenfixationbeyondlevelsachievedbyaddingphosphatefertilizeralone.Certainsymbioticassociationsalsoincreasethehostplant‘sresistancetoharmfulrootfungi.

8.Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthepassage?(A)Adescriptionofareplicableexperiment

(B)Asummaryreportofnewfindings

(C)Arecommendationforabandoningadifficultareaofresearch

(D)Arefutationofanearlierhypothesis(E)Aconfirmationofearlierresearch

Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeenafactorinfluencingtheextenttowhichresearchonmycorrhizalfungihasprogressed?

ALackofamethodforidentifyingmycorrhizalfungi

BDifficultiessurroundinglaboratoryproductionofspecimensforstudy

CDifficultiesensuingfromthehighcostandscarcityofsuperphosphatefertilizers

Itisoneofnature‘sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants‘leavesarebathedLineinaseaofnitrogengas.Theleguminousplants—amongthemcropplantssuchassoybeans,peas,alfalfa,andclover—havesolvedthenitrogensupplyproblembyenteringintoasymbioticrelationshipwiththebacterialgenus

Rhizobium.

10.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustothesituation

describedbytheauthorasoneofnature‘sgreatironies?

(A)Thatofafarmerwhosecropshavefailedbecausethenormalmidseasonrainsdidnotmaterializeandnopreparationsforirrigationhadbeenmade

(B)Thatofalong-distancerunnerwholosesamarathonracebecauseofawrongturnthatcosthimtwentyseconds

(C)Thatofshipwreckedsailorsatseainalifeboat,withoneflaskofdrinkingwatertoshareamongthem

Exercise14

(D)Thatofamotoristwhorunsoutofgasamerefivemilesfromthenearestgasstation

(E)Thatoftravelerswhowanttoreachtheirdestinationasfastandascheaplyaspossible,butfindthatcostincreasesastravelspeedincreases

Throughouthumanhistorytherehavebeenmanystringenttaboosconcerningwatchingotherpeopleeatoreatinginthepresenceofothers.TherehavebeenLineattemptstoexplainthesetaboosintermsofinappropriatesocialrelationshipseitherbetweenthosewhoareinvolvedandthosewhoarenotsimultaneouslyinvolvedinthesatisfactionofabodilyneed,orbetweenthosealreadysatiatedandthosewhoappeartobeshamelesslygorging.Undoubtedlysuchelementsexistinthetaboos,butthereisanadditionalelementwithamuchmorefundamentalimportance.Inprehistorictimes,whenfoodwassopreciousandtheon-lookerssohungry,nottoofferhalfofthelittlefoodonehadwasunthinkable,sinceeveryglancewasapleaforlife.

(124words)

11.Iftheargumentinthepassageisvalid,taboosagainsteatinginthepresenceofotherswhoarenotalsoeatingwouldbeLEASTlikelyinasocietythat

(A)hadalwayshadaplentifulsupplyoffood

(B)emphasizedtheneedtoshareworldlygoods

(C)hadanomadicratherthananagriculturalwayoflife

(D)emphasizedthevalueofprivacy(E)discouragedoverindulgence

12.Theauthor‘shypothesisconcerningtheoriginoftaboosagainstwatching

otherpeopleeatemphasizesthe

(A)generalpalatabilityoffood

(B)religioussignificanceoffood

(C)limitedavailabilityoffood

(D)varioussourcesoffood

(E)nutritionalvalueoffood

13.Selectthesentenceinthepassageinwhichtheauthorsuggeststhatpastattemptstoexplainsometaboosconcerningeatingareincomplete.

十四

Currently,theparamountprobleminthefieldofbiomaterials,thescienceofreplacingdiseasedtissuewithhuman-madeimplants,iscontrolovertheinterface,orLinesurface,betweenimplantedbiomaterialsandlivingtissues.Thephysicalpropertiesofmosttissuescanbematchedbycarefulselectionofrawmaterials:metals,ceramics,orseveralvarietiesofpolymermaterials.Eventherequirementthatbiomaterialsprocessedfromthesematerialsbenontoxictohosttissuecanbemetbytechniquesderivedfromstudyingthereactionsoftissueculturestobiomaterialsorfromshort-termimplants.Butachievingnecessarymatchesinphysicalpropertiesacrossinterfacesbetweenlivingandnon-livingmatterrequiresknowledgeofwhichmoleculescontrolthebondingofcellstoeachother—anareathatwehavenotyetexploredthoroughly.Althoughrecentresearchhasallowedustostabilizethe

tissue-biomaterialinterfacebycontrollingeitherthechemicalreactionsorthemicrostructureofthebiomaterials,ourfundamentalunderstandingofhowimplantdevicesadheretotissuesremainswoefullyincomplete.(159words)

1.Accordingtothepassage,themajorproblemcurrentlyfacingscientistsinthefieldofbiomaterialsis

(A)assessingandregulatingthebondingbetweenhosttissueandimplants

(B)controllingthetransferofpotentiallytoxicmaterialsacrosstheinterfaceoftissueandimplant

(C)discoveringnewmaterialsfromwhichtoconstructimplantdevices

(D)decidinginwhatsituationsimplantsareneeded

(E)determiningtheimportanceofshort-termimplantstolong-termstabilityoftissueimplantinterfaces

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttherecentresearchmentionedinthelastsentence?

(A)Ithassolvedonesetofproblemsbuthascreatedanother.(源于

)

(B)Ithasconcentratedonsecondaryconcernsbuthasignoredprimaryconcerns.

(C)Ithasimprovedpracticalapplicationsofbiomaterialtechnologywithoutprovidingacompletetheoreticalexplanationofthatimprovement.

(D)Ithasthoroughlyinvestigatedpropertiesofbiomaterialsbuthaspaidlittleattentiontorelevantcharacteristicsofhumantissue.

(E)Ithasprovidedconsiderableinformationonshort-termimplanttechnologybutlittleonlong-termimplanttechnology.

Islamiclawisaparticularlyinstructiveexampleof―sacredlaw.‖Islamiclawisaphenomenonsodifferentfromallotherformsoflaw—notwithstanding,ofcourse,Lineaconsiderableandinevitablenumberofcoincidenceswithoneortheotherofthemasfarassubjectmatterandpositiveenactmentareconcerned—thatitsstudyisindispensableinordertoappreciateadequatelythefullrangeofpossiblelegalphenomena.Eventhetwootherrepresentativesofsacredlawthatarehistoricallyandgeographicallynearesttoit,JewishlawandRomanCatholiccanonlaw,areperceptiblydifferent.BothJewishlawandcanonlawaremoreuniformthanIslamiclaw.ThoughhistoricallythereisadiscerniblebreakbetweenJewishlawofthesovereignstateofancientIsraelandoftheDiaspora(thedispersionofJewishpeopleaftertheconquestofIsrael),thespiritofthelegalmatterinlaterpartsoftheOldTestamentisveryclosetothatoftheTalmud,oneoftheprimarycodificationsofJewishlawintheDiaspora.Islam,ontheotherhand,representedaradicalbreakawayfromtheArabpaganismthatprecededit;Islamiclawistheresultofanexamination,fromareligiousangle,oflegalsubjectmatterthatwasfarfromuniform,comprisingasitdidthevariouscomponentsofthelawsofpre-IslamicArabiaandnumerouslegalelementstakenoverfromthenon-Arabpeoplesoftheconqueredterritories.Allthiswasunifiedbybeingsubjectedtothesamekindofreligiousscrutiny,theimpactofwhichvariedgreatly,beingalmostnonexistentinsomefields,andinothersoriginatingnovelinstitutions.Thiscentraldualityoflegalsubjectmatterandreligiousnormisadditionaltothevarietyoflegal,ethical,andritualrulesthatistypicalofsacredlaw.Initsrelationtothesecularstate,IslamiclawdifferedfrombothJewishandcanonlaw.Jewishlawwasbuttressedbythecohesionofthecommunity,reinforcedbypressurefromoutside;itsrulesarethedirectexpressionofthisfeelingofcohesion,tendingtowardtheaccommodationofdissent.CanonandIslamiclaw,onthecontrary,weredominatedbythedualismofreligionandstate,wherethestatewasnot,incontrastwithJudaism,analienpowerbutthepoliticalexpressionofthesamereligion.Buttheconflictbetweenstateandreligiontookdifferentforms;inChristianityitappearedasthestruggleforpoliticalpoweronthepartofatightlyorganizedecclesiasticalhierarchy,andcanonlawwasoneofitspoliticalweapons.Islamiclaw,ontheotherhand,wasneversupportedbyanorganizedinstitution;consequently,thereneverdevelopedanoverttrialofstrength.Theremerelyexisted

discordancebetweenapplicationofthesacredlawandmanyoftheregulationsframedbyIslamicstates;thisantagonismvariedaccordingtoplaceandtime.

Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply

3.Thepassageprovidesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions

EXCEPT?

ADoesIslamiclawdependonsourcesotherthanArablegalprinciples?BWhatsecularpracticesofIslamicstatesconflictedwithIslamiclaw?CIsJewishlawmoreuniformthancanonlaw?()

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheapplicationofIslamiclawinIslamicstateshas

(A)systematicallybeenopposedbygroupswhobelieveitiscontrarytotheirinterests

(B)sufferedirreparablyfromthelackoffirminstitutionalbacking(C)frequentlybeenatoddswiththelegalactivityofgovernmentinstitutions(D)remainedunaffectedbythepoliticalforcesoperatingalongsideit(E)benefitedfromthefactthatitneverexperiencedadirectconfrontationwith

thestate

5.Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

(A)Auniversalprincipleisadvancedandthendiscussedinrelationtoaparticularhistoricalphenomenon.

(B)Amethodologicalinnovationissuggestedandthenexamplesofitsefficacy

areprovided.

(C)Atraditionalinterpretationisquestionedandthenmodifiedtoincludenewdata.

(D)Ageneralopinionisexpressedandthensupportiveillustrationsareadvanced.

(E)Acontroversialviewpointispresentedandthenbothsupportiveevidenceandcontradictoryevidencearecited.

6.ThepassagesuggeststhatcanonlawdiffersfromIslamiclawinthatonlycanonlaw

(A)containsprescriptionsthatnonsacredlegalsystemsmightregardasproperlylegal

(B)concernsitselfwiththedutiesofapersoninregardtothecommunityasa

whole

(C)wasaffectedbythetensionoftheconflict

(D)developedinapoliticalenvironmentthatexistence

(E)playedaroleinthedirectconfrontation

power

betweenreligionandstatedidnotchallengeitsfundamental

betweeninstitutionsvyingfor

Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernovaandtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributeinaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexcitingnewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure.Acomputersimulationbasedonthistheoryhasreproducedtheappearanceofmanyspiralgalaxieswithoutassuminganunderlyingdensitywave,thehallmarkofthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofthelarge-scalestructureofspiralgalaxies.Thattheorymaintainsthatadensitywaveofspiralformsweepsthroughthecentralplaneofagalaxy,compressingcloudsofgasanddust,whichcollapseintostarsthatformaspiralpattern.(160words)

7.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

(A)describewhatresultswhenasupernovatriggersthecreationofchainsofstar-formingregions

(B)proposeamodificationinthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure

(C)compareandcontrasttherolesofcloudsofgasanddustintwotheoriesofspiral-galaxystructure

(D)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureandcontrastitwiththemostwidelyacceptedtheory

(E)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureanddiscussareasonwhyitisinferiortothemostwidelyacceptedtheory

8.Thepassageimpliesthat,accordingtothenewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure,aspiralgalaxycanbecreatedbysupernovaswhenthesupernovasare

(A)producinganunderlyingdensitywave

(B)affectedbyadensitywaveofspiralform

(C)distributedinaspiralpattern

(D)locatedinthecentralplaneofagalaxy

(E)locatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxy(From：)

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdiscreditthenewtheoryasdescribedinthepassage?

(A)Theexactmechanismbywhichastarbecomesasupernovaisnotyetcompletelyknownandmayevendifferfordifferentstars.

(B)Chainsofstar-formingregionslikethosepostulatedinthenewtheoryhave

beenobservedinthevicinityofdensecloudsofgasanddust.

(C)Themostmassivestarsformedfromsupernovaevolveintosupernovas.

(D)Computersimulationsofsupernovasprovideajustbeforeasupernovaexplosion.

(E)Adensitywavecannotcompresscloudsofgas

enoughtocreateastar.

explosionsareunlikelyto

poorpictureofwhatoccurs

anddusttoadensityhigh

ThefactthatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericawerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeoplehasimportantramifications.IffromtheLineoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryinthe1660‘sshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingOscarandMaryHandlinhaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.Inaddition,theexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmerica.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica—suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmerica.Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelynegative,basedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed.

(192words)

Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectall

thatapply

10.Accordingtothepassage,theHandlinshaveNOTarguedwhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenracialprejudiceandtheinstitutionoflegalslaveryintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmerica?

ARacialprejudiceandtheinstitutionofslaveryarosesimultaneously.BThesourceofracialprejudicewastheinstitutionofslavery.

CAlthoughexistinginalesserformbeforethe1660‘s,racialprejudiceincreasedsharplyafterslaverywaslegalized.

11.ThepassagesuggeststhattheexistenceofaRomanconceptionofslaveryinSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadtheeffectof

(A)extendingratherthancausingracialprejudiceinthesecolonies(B)hasteningthelegalizationofslaveryinthesecolonies

(C)mitigatingsomeoftheconditionsofslaveryforBlackpeopleinthesecolonies

(D)delayingtheintroductionofslaveryintotheEnglishcolonies

(E)bringingaboutanimprovementinthetreatmentofBlackslavesintheEnglishcolonies

12.TheauthorconsiderstheexplanationputforwardbyFreyreandTannenbaumforthetreatmentaccordedBlackslavesintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericatobe

(A)ambitiousbutmisguided

(B)validbutlimited

(C)popularbutsuspect

(D)anachronisticandcontroversial(E)prematureandillogical

十五

Exercise15

ManycriticsofEamilyBronte‘snovelWutheringHeightsseeitssecondpartasacounterpointthatcommentson,ifitdoesnotreverse,thefirstpart,whereLinea―romantic‖readingreceivesmoreconfirmation.Seeingthetwopartsasawholeisencouragedbythenovel‘ssophisticatedstructure,revealedinitscomplexuseofnarratorsandtimeshifts.GrantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneednotargueanauthorialawarenessofnovelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirpresencedoesencourageattemptstounifythenovel‘sheterogeneousparts.

However,anyinterpretationthatseekstounifyallofthenovel‘sdiverseelementsisboundtobesomewhatunconvincing.Thisisnotbecausesuchaninterpretationnecessarilystiffensintoathesis(althoughrigidityinanyinterpretationofthisorofanynovelisalwaysadanger),butbecauseWutheringHeightshasrecalcitrantelementsofundeniablepowerthat,ultimately,resistinclusioninanall-encompassinginterpretation.Inthisrespect,WutheringHeightssharesafeatureofHamlet.

(164words)

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutthefirstandsecondpartsofWutheringHeights?

(A)Thesecondparthasreceivedmoreattentionfromcritics.

(B)Thesecondparthaslittlerelationtothefirstpart.

(C)Thesecondpartannulstheforceofthefirst