干摩擦條件下Si3N4基和Ti（CN）基陶瓷對1Cr18Ni9Ti不銹鋼的磨損機理

干摩擦條件下Si3N4基和Ti（CN）基陶瓷對1Cr18Ni9Ti不銹鋼的磨損機理摘要：

本文研究了干摩擦條件下Si3N4基陶瓷和Ti（CN）基陶瓷對1Cr18Ni9Ti不銹鋼的磨損機理。通過掃描電鏡（SEM）和X射線衍射儀（XRD）分析表明，兩種陶瓷材料均能有效地減少不銹鋼的磨損量。其中，Ti（CN）基陶瓷的磨損量更低，表明它具有更好的耐磨性能。分析表明，兩種陶瓷材料與不銹鋼之間形成了強的摩擦副，同時，在摩擦過程中，顆粒狀的陶瓷材料向摩擦表面注入了自身的金屬離子和化學(xué)元素，形成了氧化物、卡賓和氮化物等薄膜，有效地控制了不銹鋼的磨損機理。

關(guān)鍵詞：Si3N4基陶瓷，Ti(CN)基陶瓷，不銹鋼，干摩擦，磨損機理

Introduction

Si3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicsarewidelyusedinvariousfieldsduetotheirexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandchemicalstability.Asadvancedengineeringmaterials,theyhaveexcellentwearresistanceandfrictionperformance.Inthisstudy,thewearmechanismbetweenSi3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicsand1Cr18Ni9Tistainlesssteelunderdryfrictionconditionswasinvestigated.

ExperimentalSection

The1Cr18Ni9Tistainlesssteelsampleswerecutintodiscswithadiameterof20mmandathicknessof6mm.TheSi3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicswerealsocutintodiscswiththesamesize.Thesampleswerecleanedwithacetoneandthendried.Aball-on-disktribometerwasusedfordryfrictiontestsunderaloadof5N,andtheslidingspeedwassetat60mm/s.Theweartrackonthesampleswasobservedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM).Thechemicalanalysisoftheweartrackswasperformedbyenergy-dispersiveX-rayspectroscopy(EDS).ThecrystalstructureoftheweartrackswasanalyzedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD).

ResultsandDiscussion

SEMimagesoftheweartracksonthestainlesssteelsamplestestedagainstSi3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicsareshowninFig.1.ItcanbeseenthatbothSi3N4-basedandTi(CN)-basedceramicseffectivelyreducedthewearamountofstainlesssteel,butthewearamountofTi(CN)-basedceramicswaslower,indicatingthatithasbetterwearresistance.Thewearmechanismbetweenthestainlesssteelandthetwoceramicswasdifferent.TheweartracksontheSi3N4-basedceramicsweresmoothanduniform,whiletheweartracksontheTi(CN)-basedceramicswererougherandirregular.

EDSresultsoftheweartracksonthestainlesssteeltestedagainstthetwoceramicsareshowninFig.2.ItcanbeseenthattheelementsofSiandTiexistedontheweartracksofSi3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramics,respectively.Theexistenceoftheseelementsindicatedthattheceramicparticleswereembeddedinthestainlesssteelsurfaceduringthefrictionprocess,formingafrictionpair.Meanwhile,thecarbonelementwasalsoclearlydetectedintheweartracksofTi(CN)-basedceramics.

XRDanalysisoftheweartracksonthestainlesssteeltestedagainstthetwoceramicsisshowninFig.3.ItcanbeseenthattheweartracksontheSi3N4-basedceramicscontainedFe,SiO2,andCr2O3,indicatingthatthesurfaceofthestainlesssteelhadbeenoxidizedduringthefrictionprocess.TheweartracksonTi(CN)-basedceramicsalsocontainedFe,buttheoxidelayerwasmuchthinnerthanthatonSi3N4-basedceramics.TheweartracksonTi(CN)-basedceramicsalsocontainedsomenitrogenelement,indicatingthatthesurfaceofthestainlesssteelhadundergonenitrationduringfriction.Therefore,theformationandstabilityofoxidefilmsandcarbides,andtheformationofnitrogenonthesurfaceofthestainlesssteelplayedakeyroleinreducingthewearamountofstainlesssteel.

Conclusion

Si3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicswerefoundtoeffectivelyreducethewearamountof1Cr18Ni9Tistainlesssteelunderdryfrictionconditions.Ti(CN)-basedceramicsexhibitedbetterwearresistancethanSi3N4-basedceramics.Thewearmechanismbetweenthetwoceramicsandstainlesssteelwasdifferent,butbothceramicmaterialsformedstrongfrictionpairswithstainlesssteel.Duringthefrictionprocess,theceramicparticlesembeddedintothestainlesssteelsurfaceandformedoxides,carbides,andnitrides,whichcontrolledthewearmechanismofthestainlesssteel.TheresultsofthisstudysuggestthatSi3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicscanbepotentialmaterialsforreducingthewearofstainlesssteelcomponentsinvariousmechanicalsystems.ThesuperiorwearresistanceofTi(CN)-basedceramicsmaymakeitamoresuitablematerialforapplicationsthatrequirehighwearresistance.Additionally,theformationofoxides,carbides,andnitridesonthesurfaceofstainlesssteelcanprolongthelifespanofthecomponentsandpreventtheirfailureduetoexcessivewearandtear.

Furthermore,thisstudyshedslightonthemechanismofwearreductionbetweenceramicmaterialsandstainlesssteel.Theformationofstrongfrictionpairsandtheinjectionofmetalionsandchemicalelementsfromtheceramicmaterialstothestainlesssteelsurfaceplaycrucialrolesinreducingthewearamountofstainlesssteel.Understandingsuchmechanismscanguidetheselectionofappropriateceramicmaterialsandthedesignoffrictionsystemsinpracticalapplications.

Insummary,thisstudyprovidesvaluableinsightsintothewearmechanismbetweenceramicmaterialsandstainlesssteelunderdryfrictionconditions.TheresultssuggestthatSi3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicscaneffectivelyreducethewearofstainlesssteelandthattheformationofoxides,carbides,andnitridesonthestainlesssteelsurfaceisakeyfactorincontrollingthewearmechanism.Thesefindingscouldhavesignificantimplicationsinthedevelopmentofhigh-performancefrictionmaterialsandtheimprovementofthewearresistanceofmechanicalcomponents.InadditiontothepotentialapplicationsofSi3N4-basedceramicsandTi(CN)-basedceramicsinreducingthewearofstainlesssteel,thisstudyalsohighlightstheimportanceofsurfacemodificationtechniquesinenhancingthewearresistanceofmaterials.Surfacemodificationtechniquessuchasplasmatreatment,ionimplantation,andcoatingdepositioncanmodifythesurfacepropertiesofmaterials,enhancetheirwearresistance,andimprovetheirfrictionalbehavior.

Moreover,theuseofceramiccoatingsonmetallicsubstrateshasbeenextensivelystudiedasameansofimprovingthewearresistanceofmechanicalcomponents.Ceramiccoatingscanprovideahard,wear-resistantsurfacelayeronthesubstratematerial,reducingthefrictionbetweenthecontactingsurfacesandprolongingtheservicelifeofthecomponent.However,theadhesionbetweentheceramiccoatingandthesubstrateisacrucialfactoraffectingtheperformanceofthecoatingundertribologicalconditions.

Therefore,thedevelopmentofeffectivesurfacemodificationandcoatingtechniquescanrevolutionizetheperformanceofmaterialsandcomponentsunderload-bearingconditions.Suchadvancementscancontributetothereductionofenergyconsumption,lowermaintenancecosts,andenhancetheefficiencyandsustainabilityofmechanicalsystems.

Overall,thisstudyprovidessignificantinsightsintothewearmechanismofceramicmaterialsandstainlesssteelunderdryfrictionconditions.Thefindingscouldcontributetothedevelopmentofadvancedfrictionmaterialsandtheimprovementofthewearresistanceofmechanicalcomponents,leadingtoimprovedsustainabilityandefficiencyinvariousengineeringapplications.Advancedsurfacemodificationtechniquesandcoatingtechnologieshavepotentialapplicationsinnumerousindustries,includingautomotive,aerospace,andmachinerymanufacturing.Forexample,plasmatreatmenthasbeenwidelyusedtoincreasethesurfacehardnessandwearresistanceofvariousmaterials.Theuseofionimplantationcanalsoenhancethetribologicalpropertiesofmaterials,suchasincreasingtheirsurfacehardnessandreducingthefrictioncoefficient.

Inrecentyears,ceramicmaterialshaveshowngreatpotentialinwear-resistantapplications,includingmechanicalcomponentsthataresubjecttohighstressandwear.Ceramiccoatingshavebeenusedtoprotectmetalsubstratesfromwearcausedbyaggressiveenvironments,suchashighloads,hightemperatures,andcorrosiveatmospheres.Theuseofceramiccoatingscanalsoimprovetheperformanceofmechanicalcomponentsoperatinginharshenvironments.

Thedevelopmentofadvancedsurfacemodificationandcoatingtechnologieshasthepotentialtoimprovetheefficiencyandsustainabilityofvariousindustries.Byreducingwearandimprovingthefrictionalbehaviorofmaterials,suchtechnologiescanhelptoreduceenergyconsumptionandlowermaintenancecosts,promotingthedevelopmentofgreenmanufacturingandsustainableproduction.

Inconclusion,thestudyofwearmechanismandadvancedsurfacemodificationtechniqueshavefar-reachingimplicationsforthefutureofmaterialsandmechanicalcomponents.Throughthedevelopmentandoptimizationofsurfacemodificationandcoatingtechnologies,wecanimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofmaterialsandenhancetheperformanceanddurabilityofmechanicalcomponents,ultimatelypromotingtheefficiencyandsustainabilityofvariousindustrialapplications.Icompletelyagree.Implementingsurfacemodificationtechniquesandcoatingtechnologiesinvariousindustriescanleadtosignificantimprovementsinefficiency,reliability,a