超薄結(jié)構(gòu)光催化劑表-界面調(diào)控與CO2高效還原

超薄結(jié)構(gòu)光催化劑表-界面調(diào)控與CO2高效還原超薄結(jié)構(gòu)光催化劑表/界面調(diào)控與CO2高效還原

摘要：光催化CO2還原是一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的CO2利用技術(shù)，將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)化為化學(xué)能，具有較高的能源轉(zhuǎn)換效率和環(huán)境友好性。在光催化CO2還原反應(yīng)中，控制光催化劑表/界面的電子結(jié)構(gòu)和物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)是實現(xiàn)高效轉(zhuǎn)化CO2為有用化學(xué)品的關(guān)鍵。近年來，超薄結(jié)構(gòu)的光催化劑成為了研究的熱點，其可有效提高表面積和催化活性。本文綜述了超薄結(jié)構(gòu)光催化劑表/界面調(diào)控技術(shù)及其在CO2還原中的應(yīng)用。首先介紹了超薄光催化材料的制備方法和表征手段，然后詳細(xì)闡述了利用表/界面調(diào)控技術(shù)提高光催化劑催化性能的原理和方法，并總結(jié)了該領(lǐng)域的最新研究進(jìn)展。最后，以CO2還原反應(yīng)為例，討論了超薄結(jié)構(gòu)光催化劑在實際應(yīng)用中的優(yōu)缺點以及未來發(fā)展的方向。

關(guān)鍵詞：光催化劑；超薄結(jié)構(gòu)；表/界面調(diào)控；CO2還原；可持續(xù)發(fā)展

Abstract:PhotocatalyticCO2reductionisasustainabletechnologyforCO2utilization,whichconvertssolarenergyintochemicalenergywithhighenergyconversionefficiencyandenvironmentalfriendliness.InthephotocatalyticCO2reductionprocess,thecontroloftheelectronicstructureandphysicochemicalpropertiesofthephotocatalystsurface/interfaceisthekeytoachievingefficientconversionofCO2intousefulchemicals.Inrecentyears,ultra-thinstructurephotocatalystshavebecomearesearchhotspot,whichcaneffectivelyimprovethesurfaceareaandcatalyticactivity.Thispapersummarizesthetechnologyofsurface/interfaceregulationofultra-thinstructurephotocatalystsandtheirapplicationinCO2reduction.Firstly,thepreparationmethodsandcharacterizationmeansofultra-thinphotocatalyticmaterialsareintroduced,andthentheprincipleandmethodofusingsurface/interfaceregulationtechnologytoimprovephotocatalyticperformanceareelaboratedindetail,andthelatestresearchprogressinthisfieldissummarized.Finally,takingCO2reductionreactionasanexample,theadvantages,disadvantagesandfuturedevelopmentdirectionsofultra-thinstructurephotocatalystsinpracticalapplicationarediscussed.

Keywords:photocatalyst;ultra-thinstructure;surface/interfaceregulation;CO2reduction;sustainabledevelopmentPhotocatalystshaveshowngreatpotentialinaddressingglobalenvironmentalchallenges,especiallyinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment.Theultra-thinstructurephotocatalystshaveattractedextensiveattentionduetotheiruniquephysicalandchemicalproperties,whicharedifferentfromthoseofconventionalphotocatalysts.Withthedevelopmentofnanotechnology,variousmethodshavebeendevelopedtosynthesizeandcontroltheultra-thinstructurephotocatalysts.Inaddition,surface/interfaceregulationtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedtooptimizetheirphotocatalyticperformancebyadjustingthesurfacepropertiesandinterfacestructure.

Thesurface/interfaceregulationtechnologycaneffectivelyimprovethephotocatalyticperformanceofultra-thinstructurephotocatalysts.Forexample,theintroductionofdefects,suchasoxygenvacanciesandmetaliondoping,canincreasethenumberofactivesitesandenhancethelightabsorptionabilityofphotocatalysts.Moreover,theconstructionofheterostructuresandtheadjustmentofinterfacialenergylevelscanpromotetheseparationandtransferofphotogeneratedchargecarriers,whichisbeneficialtoenhancethephotocatalyticefficiency.

Recently,alargenumberofstudieshavebeenconductedonultra-thinstructurephotocatalystsforCO2reductionreaction.Theultra-thinstructurephotocatalystshaveshownexcellentperformanceinconvertingCO2intovalue-addedproducts,suchasmethanolandCO.However,therearestillsomechallengesthatneedtobeaddressedinpracticalapplication,suchaslowselectivityandpoorstability.

Insummary,ultra-thinstructurephotocatalystsprovideapromisingsolutionforsustainabledevelopment,andsurface/interfaceregulationtechnologyisaneffectivemethodtooptimizetheirphotocatalyticperformance.Althoughtherearestillsomechallengesinpracticalapplication,thedevelopmentofultra-thinstructurephotocatalystswillpromotetheresearchandapplicationofphotocatalysistechnologyinvariousfieldsTofurtherimprovethephotocatalyticperformanceofultra-thinstructurephotocatalysts,severalresearchdirectionscanbeexplored.Firstly,compositephotocatalystscanbedevelopedbycombiningultra-thinstructurephotocatalystswithothermaterials,suchasnoblemetals,metaloxides,andcarbonmaterials.Forexample,goldnanoparticlescanbeloadedonthesurfaceofultra-thinTiO2nanosheetstoenhancetheirlightabsorptionandchargeseparationefficiency(Jietal.,2018).Secondly,theconstructionofheterojunctionscanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovethephotocatalyticactivityandselectivityofultra-thinstructurephotocatalysts.Forinstance,theheterojunctionbetweenultra-thinSnO2nanosheetsandg-C3N4canformaZ-schemesystem,whichshowsenhancedphotocatalyticactivityandstabilityforthedegradationoforganicpollutantsundervisiblelight(Chenetal.,2019).Thirdly,thedevelopmentofnewultra-thinstructurephotocatalystswithnovelcrystalstructuresandmorphologiescanbroadentheapplicationscopeofphotocatalysistechnology.Forexample,ultra-thin2Dmetal-organicframeworks(MOFs)havebeenrecentlydevelopedaspromisingphotocatalystsforwatersplittingandorganicpollutantdegradation(Zhangetal.,2019).Thesenewmaterialsnotonlyhavehighsurfaceareaandexcellentlightabsorptionpropertiesbutalsopossessuniquechemicalandphysicalpropertiesthatcanbetailoredthroughrationaldesignandsynthesis.

Inconclusion,ultra-thinstructurephotocatalystshaveattractedsignificantattentionduetotheiruniquepropertiesandpromisingapplicationsindiversefields.Surface/interfaceregulationtechnologyisapowerfulapproachtooptimizetheirphotocatalyticperformance,andtherearestillplentyofopportunitiestofurtherimprovetheiractivity,selectivity,andstability.Thedevelopmentofultra-thinstructurephotocatalystsisexpectedtocontributetothesustainabledevelopmentofsociety,offeringagreenandcleansolutiontovariousenvironmentalandenergychallengesInadditiontothedevelopmentsindesignandengineeringofphotocatalysts,thereareseveralchallengesthatneedtobeovercometofullyrealizetheirpotentialinvariousapplications.Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesinthisregardisthetranslationoflaboratory-scalestudiestoscalablecommercialprocesses.Whilemanypromisingphotocatalystshavebeendevelopedatthelaboratoryscale,theirperformanceandstabilityinlarge-scale,real-worldsettingsmustbefurtherevaluatedandoptimized.

Anotherchallengeliesintheenvironmentalimpactofphotocatalysis.Whilephotocatalysisisanenvironmentallycleanprocess,theproductionanddisposalofphotocatalystscanhavenegativeenvironmentalimpacts.Toaddressthischallenge,researchersaredevelopingnewphotocatalyststhatusesustainableorrenewableresources,suchasbiomass-derivedcarbonormetal-organicframeworks,aswellasdevelopingrecyclingandwastemanagementstrategiesforusedphotocatalysts.

Furthermore,theuseofphotocatalysisincertainapplications,suchaswatertreatment,requirescarefulconsiderationofthespecificcontaminantspresentinthetargetwatersource.Thepresenceofcertaincontaminants,suchasorganicpollutantsorheavymetals,canaffecttheperformanceandstabilityofphotocatalysts,aswellasposepotentialhealthrisks.Therefore,additionalresearchisneededtodevelopphotocatalyticsystemsthatarespecificallytailoredtoaddresstheuniquecontaminantsandchallengesofeachwatersource.

Inconclusion,photocatalysisisa