雅思小作文寫(xiě)作教學(xué)提綱

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁(yè)眉頁(yè)腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！雅思小作文寫(xiě)作精品文檔WritingNotesDate:July,9,2017thTaskI1.ThreeTypesi.Data:BarChart,LineGraph,Table,PieChart圖表類型：動(dòng)態(tài)圖、靜態(tài)圖動(dòng)態(tài)圖：有兩個(gè)或以上時(shí)間重點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)特殊值：起點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)、最高點(diǎn)、最低點(diǎn)、交叉點(diǎn)靜態(tài)圖：只有一個(gè)或者沒(méi)有時(shí)間比較描述對(duì)象：使用倍數(shù)、比較級(jí)ii.Process:FlowChartiii.MapDescribethechangeEg:Hospitalislocatedtothewestofcarpark2.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)i.TaskAchievement/TaskResponseCovertheRequirementsofthetaskNoofftopics不能添加主觀想法，只能描述ii.CoherenceandCohesive使用路標(biāo)性詞匯：順承和轉(zhuǎn)折iii.LexicalResource使用非高頻詞匯UsewordsandphrasesnaturallyandappropriatelyVocabularydiversityAccuratespellingwordsiv.GrammaticalRangeandAccuracyAccurategrammarofsentencesUsedifferentrangesofsentences,structurestoachievergrammatical3.寫(xiě)作方法i.開(kāi)頭段圖表詞改寫(xiě)Thechart:barchart,linechart,piechart,table,diagram動(dòng)詞shows改寫(xiě)注意時(shí)態(tài)Shows:illustrates,givesinformationabout,compares,indicates,demonstrates關(guān)鍵詞（一定要改寫(xiě)）數(shù)量改寫(xiě)Thenumberof+可數(shù)Theamountof+不可數(shù)Thequantityof+可不可數(shù)Thefigurefor+可不可數(shù)百分比改寫(xiě)收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔Thepercentageof:theproportionof句式變化Compares+不同事物+intermsof+相同事物名詞變化Expending:expenditure地點(diǎn)（可以不改寫(xiě)）時(shí)間可以改寫(xiě)From1980to2000:between1980and2000,duringtheperiodfrom1980to2000,overtheperiodof20years,overa20-yearperiodEG:ThebarchartscomparesthreetypesoftelephonecallsintermsoftheamountoftimespentintheUKbetween1995and2002.ii.主段寫(xiě)法第一段:起點(diǎn)數(shù)值對(duì)比+部分趨勢(shì)第二段：剩下趨勢(shì)+終點(diǎn)值對(duì)比數(shù)字三種表述方法數(shù)值放在句首EG:60milliontonnesofgoodsweretransportedbyroadintheUK.數(shù)值放在句末Standat=be;stoodat=was=totalledEG:TheamountofgoodstransportedbyroadintheUKwas60milliontonnes.ThereBe句型EG:Therewere60billiontonnesofgoodstransportedbyroadintheUK.比較句的寫(xiě)法Comparisons“comparedto”,“comparedwith”,“incomparisonwith”+短語(yǔ)EG:6%ofsingleagedpersonlivedinpoverty,comparedtoonly4%ofagedcouple“while”,“whereas”+句子：6%ofsingleagedpersonlivedinpoverty,whiletheproportionofagedcouplelivinginpovertywas4%.3個(gè)數(shù)值的對(duì)比寫(xiě)法第一個(gè)數(shù)值thepercentageatthestart第二個(gè)數(shù)值addacomparison第三個(gè)數(shù)值thefigureforEG:1999,35%ofBritishpeoplewentabroadfortheirholidays,comparedto28%ofAustraliansspenttheirholidaysinadifferentcountry.ThefigurefortheUSAstoodat31%.若有3個(gè)以上的數(shù)值，可以用thefigurefor數(shù)值Cand數(shù)值DwereXandXrespectively.趨勢(shì)的寫(xiě)法時(shí)間過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)Overthefollowing____years動(dòng)態(tài)圖詞匯收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔緩慢上升：increase/rise(rose)/grow(grew)/goup(wentup)/anupwardtrend+gradually/gently/slightly/moderately/steadily急速上升：+sharply/dramatically/rapidly/substantially/significantly慎用：soar/surge/leap/stoodup緩慢下降：decrease/drop/fall/decline/godown/adownwardtrend+gradually/gently/slighted/moderately/steadily急速下降：+sharply/dramatically/rapidly/substantially/significantly慎用：plunge/slump/plummet達(dá)到頂峰：reachapeak/peakat持平：remainconstant(unchanged)/leveloff/stabilize達(dá)到最低點(diǎn)：reachabottomat/bottomout(at)波動(dòng)上升或下降：fluctuatewithanoverallupwardtrend(downwardtrend)/increase(decrease)withafewfluctuations順承：similarly/and/likewise/also/besides(均為副詞，前面加句號(hào))轉(zhuǎn)折：ontheotherhand/however/bycontrast/incontrast(副詞，前面加句號(hào))；but(conj.)接下來(lái)：then/afterwards(adv.)盡管：although/despite約數(shù)以上：justabove/over/morethan以下：justbelow/almost/nearly左右：about/around/approximately超過(guò)：outnumber/overtakeEG:Theconsumptionofchickenovertook/outnumberedthatof(thefigurefor)beefin2000.介詞：with,of,to,by,atWith:有的含義，后面加短語(yǔ)EG：Obamawontheelectionwith52%ofthevoteAT:用在加在句尾的數(shù)字，at接數(shù)字EG：ThepercentageofvotesforObamawashighest,at52%.In:ariseIN動(dòng)態(tài)圖句式基本句型（主句+動(dòng)詞+副詞）EG:Thenumberofdivorcesrosegentlyfrom20millionto35millionfrom2000to2010.Therebe句型：Therewasagentlerisefrom20millionto35millioninthenumberofdivorcesbetween2000and2010.被動(dòng)態(tài)：Agentlerisefrom20millionto35millioncanbenoticed/seeninthenumberofdivorcesduringtheperiodfrom2000to2010.Witness:主語(yǔ)為時(shí)間Theperiodfrom2000to2010witness/sawagentlerisefrom20millionto25millioninthenumberofdivorces.Underwent/Experienced句式收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔Thenumberofdivorcesunderwent/experiencedagentlerisefrom20millionto35millionfrom2000to2010.分詞結(jié)構(gòu)Thenumberofdivorceswas20million,risingto35million.時(shí)間的表達(dá)From時(shí)間onwards從...時(shí)間以后Lookingintothefuture將來(lái)的表達(dá)BeexpectedtoPredictedProjectedAnticipated當(dāng)線超過(guò)4根及以上時(shí)第一段：起點(diǎn)數(shù)值對(duì)比第二段：整個(gè)趨勢(shì)+終點(diǎn)描述先寫(xiě)不變的先，再寫(xiě)變化最大的線，最后寫(xiě)剩余的線EG:Overthefollowing4years,therewasrelativelylittlechangeinthefiguresforthetopthreemobilephonefeatures.However,thepercentageofpeopleusingtheirphonestoaccesstheinternetjumpedto41%in2008andthento73%in2010.Therewasalsoasignificantriseintheuseofmobilestoplaygamesandrecordvideo,withfiguresreaching41%and35%respectively.+剩余終點(diǎn)值對(duì)比iii.結(jié)尾寫(xiě)法1-2句，不需要提及數(shù)字最高線、最低線趨勢(shì)對(duì)比變化率對(duì)比段首連接詞：thesummarize/itisnoticeablethat/itisclearthatDate:July,23,2017rdTaskI1.靜態(tài)圖1.開(kāi)頭段與動(dòng)態(tài)圖類似，注意改寫(xiě)兩個(gè)數(shù)值的對(duì)比：倍數(shù)、比較級(jí)、compare,whileEG:domesticwateruse=consumptionofresidentialwaterEG:accountforthemajority/minority=thelargestproportioninEG:expenditure=spendingonEG:tobemorespecific,accordingtothechart/graphEG:peopleagedfrom26to29=26-29yearolds2.主段原則不要以國(guó)家或地區(qū)作為分類描述對(duì)象維度相同時(shí)，描述對(duì)象可以選擇，先做概括，在看數(shù)值沒(méi)有國(guó)家或地區(qū)，按照維度小的作為描述對(duì)象多余12個(gè)數(shù)值需要篩選來(lái)描述最高值收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔第二高值最低值類比差異（比例）最大的值句式最高級(jí)、最低級(jí)Thenumber(數(shù)量)/percentageofAislargest/highest/maximal/Lowest/smallestEG:Theproportionofsoleparentslivinginpovertywashighest,21%.比較級(jí)Behigher/largerthanthatAisconsiderablyhigherthanB.超過(guò)很多AismarginallyhigherthanB.超過(guò)一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)EG:Theproportionofsingleagedpersonlivinginpoverty(6%)washigherthanthatofagedcouple(4%)EG:Theconsumptionofchickenwashigherthanthatofbeef/thefigureforbeef.倍數(shù)Aislessthan/morethantwice/threetimesB.(A=B*2)a)EG:Theconsumptionofchickenwastwicethatofbeef.b)EG:Theproportionoftheelderlyin2005wasthreetimesthefigurein1995.(15%versus5%)Double/triple/quadruplea)EG:Rentasapercentageofthehouseholdexpendituremorethandoubledbetween1975and1985.Twofold/threefold用于動(dòng)態(tài)圖adj&adva)EG:Theconsumptionofchickenincreasedtwofoldfrom1990to1995(adv)b)EG:Therewasatwofoldincreaseinretailsales.(adj)c)EG:Therentonaverageincreasedthreefoldinthepastfiveyears.Twice/threetimesas...as/comparedtoa)EG:Televisionwastwiceaspopularaswashingmachinein1999.b)：Theconsumptionofchickenwastwiceasmuch(可數(shù)用many)asthatofbeef.占據(jù)Accountfor=constitute=takeup=occupy多重?cái)?shù)值比較最高值（最高級(jí)）-次高值（比較級(jí)）-最低值（倍數(shù)）-同級(jí)比較剩余數(shù)值：ThepercentageofspendingonfoodwashighestinTurkey(32.14%)around3%higherthanthat（后面是地名可以省略）inIreland（28.91%）andmorethantwicethefigureforSweden(15.77%).Thefiguresforanothertwocountriesweresimilar,16.36%inItalyand18.80%inSpain.Rank排名收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔Arankedfirst(%)followedbyBin類別,whilethefiguresforCandDwereremarkablylowerat(%)and(%)respectively.a)EG:Italyrankedfirstat9%followedbySpaininclothing/footwear.Arankedsecond,aheadof/behind對(duì)象in類別a)：In1999,AustraliarankedsecondbehindtheUSAindomesticwastegeneration.對(duì)比while/comparedto/incontrast最高值（最高級(jí)）-中間數(shù)值（對(duì)比寫(xiě)法+原級(jí)）-剩余數(shù)值較低值最低數(shù)值（對(duì)比+比較級(jí)）a)EG:Italyhasthehighestproportionofexpenditureonclothingandfootwear(9%).Incontrast,theseitemsconstituted/occupied/accountedforaround6%ofexpenditureinIreland,SpainandTurkey,whilethefigurewasevensmallerinSweden(5.4%).最高值(比較級(jí))-+比較級(jí)）-剩余數(shù)值較低值最低數(shù)值(對(duì)比+比較級(jí))a)EG:Turkeyhadhigherproportionofexpenditurethanothercountriesonleisureandeducation.ThepercentageofspendingwaslowerinItalyandSweden(roughly3.2%),comparedtothelowestfigureinSpain(1.98%).動(dòng)態(tài)點(diǎn)起點(diǎn)數(shù)值比較（與動(dòng)態(tài)圖一致）不同對(duì)象描述之間的過(guò)渡趨勢(shì)不同Theoppositetrendcanbenoticed/seen,whenlookingatthefigurefor趨勢(shì)相同Thesimilartrendcanbenoticed/seen,whenlookingatthefigurefor3.總結(jié)最值：Overall,wecanseethatplayingcomputergamesismarginallymorepopularthanchatting.However,completelydifferenttrendscanbeseenifwelookatthespecificfiguresforboysandgirls.萬(wàn)能句型）歸納對(duì)象的共同點(diǎn)和其他對(duì)象的不同點(diǎn)：Itisnoticeablethatthelargestproportionofconsumerspendingineachcountrywentonfood,drinksandtobacco.Ontheotherhand,theleisure/educationcategoryhasthelowestpercentageinthetableshown.2.地圖題i.原則方位描述（第一張圖）變化描述（第二張圖）ii.句式三種方位Ais/lies/stands/islocated/issituatedin(包含)/on(內(nèi)部相鄰)/to(分開(kāi))thewestofB：Thehospitalislocatedinthesouthoftheschool.Therebe+定語(yǔ)從句收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔EG:Thereisahospitalwhichliesinthesouthoftheschool.倒裝EG:Inthesouthoftheschoolliesanewhospital.表達(dá)距離:Alies100kmtothenorthofB鄰近:Aisadjacentto/isjustoff/isnextto/iscloseto/inthevicinityofB.對(duì)面:AisontheoppositesideofB=AisoppositetoB包圍:AissurroundedbyB.代替:theoriginal/previous/former(路)連接:leadto/connectto尺寸:enlarge/extend/doubled/tripled/increasedfour-fold/halved/reducedEG:Thesizeofthelibraryisplannedtobeenlargedtwo-fold.消失:remove/nolongerexist/bedemolished（不用disappear）新添Awillbeestablished/built/constructedinAnewly-built/anewly-established/anewly-constructedwillbeseen原有事務(wù)改為Betransformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/convertedtoBAbereplaced/substitutedbyBAgiveswaystomakeroomforBiii.主段Turningtothenextmap,theeastpartoftheislandnearlyremainsconstant,buttherearesignificantchangesafterdevelopingtourism.First,twoaccommodationareasareestablishedinthewestaswellasinthemiddleoftheislandwithfootpathslinkingeachhouse.Betweenthem,thereisarestaurantinthenorthandareceptioninthesouth,bothofwhichareconnectedbyvehicletracksdirectlytothepierwheresailingboatsareparked.Additionally,swimmingisavailablefortouristsnowprobablyduetothenewly-builtfootpathswhichlinkthewestaccommodationareawiththebeach.iv.總結(jié)Tosummarize,considerablechangestakeplaceontheislandafterthedevelopmentofvarioustouristfacilities.3.大作文TaskIIi.要求時(shí)間：40min字?jǐn)?shù)：280words(>250words)題型：議論類、報(bào)告類、混合類占分比例：2/3ii.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（與小作文的區(qū)別）不偏題觀點(diǎn)清楚每個(gè)問(wèn)題都要回答收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔細(xì)節(jié)（不能想當(dāng)然），解釋清楚、充分展開(kāi)論證邏輯EG:Smokingputshealthatgreatrisk.Ithasassociatedwithmanyseriousdiseases.Accordingtoresearch,thelikelihoodfortobaccouserstohaveheartproblemsisfargreaterthatthosewhostayawayfromthishabit.Indeed,thepercentageofsmokers’gettingheartattackandlungcanceris10timeshigherthanthatofnonsmokers’.EG:Criminals-offenders-prisons-lawbreakers-peoplewhobrokelaws-peoplecommittingcrimesEG:Overworking,coupledwithpoordiet,leadstophysicaldegenerationiii.原則OntopicDetailssupportingyouropinion四段式或五段式簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)雜句交錯(cuò)使用詞匯詞匯范圍，使用lesscommon詞匯，注意用詞替換反向詞匯a)increase-alienationb)demotivate-motivate同向詞匯a)Toxicgas=exhaustfumesb)Alleviate=relieve=mitigatestressEG:AlleviatefinancialburdenEG:SoilerosionwasmitigatedbyplantingtressEG:thesemeasuresaredesignedtoalleviatethesituationc)Clearfuels=non-fossilfuels=renewablefuelsd)Support=advocatee)Opponents=sceptics語(yǔ)法沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤常犯錯(cuò)誤：一個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句子成分殘缺詞性錯(cuò)誤主謂不一致可數(shù)：pl.或a/the+n不可數(shù):the+n(特指什么都不加Linking明暗交錯(cuò)使用明連接：firstly,secondly,thirdlyEG:Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplebelievethatmoremoneyshouldbeallocatedtoencouragetheuseofbicyclesincities.Firstly,theyarguethatbicyclesareanenvironmentallyfriendlyformoftransport.Whereasmotorizedvehiclespollutetheatmospherewithawholehostoftoxicgases,bicyclesproducenoemissionswhatsoever.Secondly,bicyclestakeupfarlessspaceonpublicroads,andtrafficcongestionwouldthereforebesignificantlyreducedifmorepeopleusethem.Finally,fromahealthperspective,itcanbearguedthatridingabicycleregularlyisnotonlygoodcardiovascularexercisefor收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔cyclist,butalsoaformofleisurethatalleviatesstressandhelpspeopletorelax.暗連接關(guān)鍵詞重復(fù)：artproject/workofart/artworks/statusandsculpture代詞語(yǔ)義EG:Someareprojectsdefinitelyrequirehelpfromthestate.IntheUK,therearemanyworksofartinpublicspaces,suchstreetsorsquaresincitycenters.InLiverpool,forexample,thereareseveralnewstatuesandsculpturesinthedockareaofthecity,whichhasbeenredevelopedrecently.Theseartworksrepresentculture,heritageandhistory.Theyservetoeducatepeopleaboutthecity,andactaslandmarksortalkingpointsforvisitorsandtourists.Governmentsandlocalcouncilsshouldpaycreativeartiststoproducethiskindofwork,becausewithouttheirfundingourcitieswouldbemuchlessinterestingandattractive.iv.題型：辯論報(bào)告混合（2014）辯論：discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinions報(bào)告:giveyourreasonsandsuggestions/effects混合:reasonsandopinions&opinions&measures4.辯論類大作為i.結(jié)構(gòu)五段式（拓展多）（一邊倒）：介紹背景給出觀點(diǎn)-正方論據(jù)1-（擴(kuò)展）正方論據(jù)2-反方論據(jù)（給出一個(gè)并簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明）總結(jié)同意的那方的論據(jù)或提出建議四段式（論居多）：開(kāi)頭-正方原因（2-3個(gè)）-反方原因（1-2個(gè)）-觀點(diǎn)+總結(jié)同意的那方的論據(jù)或提出建議ii.開(kāi)頭段40-50words背景引入（話題有關(guān)）...hasbeencommonplace/prevalentNodoubtwearelivinginanerawhen...changeseveryaspectofourlives背景句的寫(xiě)法Thepastcenturywitnessedtheincreasinglyimportantroleof__playedinpeople’sdailylives.Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofpeopleareconcernedabout...(Doing)sthhasbecomecommonplace/prevalentThepastcenturywitnessedtheincreasing/decreasingnumberof_收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔Despitethefactthattheworldisundergoingvariouschanges,___remainsoneofthemostheatedlydiscussedissues,especiallywithadventof___Therehaslongbeencontroversyaboutnegativeaffectof___題目改寫(xiě)（引入爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)）我的觀點(diǎn)Personally,Ibelievethattherearemorebenefitsanddrawbacks.IsupportthelattermorethantheformerFrommyperspective,___isbeneficial(harmful)tous,despiteitsdrawbacks(benefits)IcompletelyagreewiththeideaItcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeconsequencesinequalmeasure.Date:Aug,06,2017th也可以背景和題目改寫(xiě)放在一起板式：PeoplehavedifferentviewswithregardtothequestionofwhetherAorB.也可以改寫(xiě)和觀點(diǎn)結(jié)合在一起板式：While...(A)......,IbelieveB開(kāi)頭段案例題目：Nowadays,peoplecanusecomputerstotalk,learnandcommunicatewithoutleavinghome.Thereisadangerthatitwillcausemorealienationandalackofcommunicationamongpeople.Doyouagreeordisagree?開(kāi)頭段：Agrowingnumberofpeoplearebecomingawareoftheconveniencebroughtaboutbytechnologicaladvancesespeciallythebirthofcomputers.However,despiteallthebenefitsthatcomputershavebrought,manypeoplecontendthatcomputersadverselyaffectthecommunicationamongpeople.Personally,Ibelievethatcomputershavemadecommunicationmucheasierthaneverbefore.iii.結(jié)尾段的寫(xiě)法套用板式：Inconclusion,although反方論據(jù)（句子），Iamstillfirmlyconvincedofthebenefitsbroughtby關(guān)鍵詞mainlybecause正方論據(jù)1（短語(yǔ)）aswellas正方論據(jù)2（短語(yǔ)）.表示結(jié)果的詞Leadto,contributeto,giveriseto,resultinEG:Tosummarize,althoughaddictiontocomputersmayleadtodisorder,I’mfirmlyconvincedofthebenefitsbroughtbycomputersmainlybecauseoftheenormousamountofinformationaswellasthediversifiedofcommunicationtoolsthatareavailableonline.iv.論據(jù)擴(kuò)展的方法推導(dǎo)后果論據(jù)1:A推導(dǎo)BC推導(dǎo)D論據(jù)2：A推導(dǎo)C；擴(kuò)展：原因B,結(jié)果D原因Because...../Itisbecausethat.../bywhichImean.....題目：看電視好還是壞收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔論據(jù)：看電視的壞處一是影響家庭關(guān)系Firstofall,watchingtoomuchTVtendstoexertanunfavorableinfluenceonthefamilyrelationship.Itisbecausethatiftheyindulgethemselvesinwatchingtelevision,theywillnothavesufficienttimetocommunicatewiththeirfamilymembers,whichobviouslymaygiverisetothealienationamongfamilymembers.論據(jù)：經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)是國(guó)家最基本的一個(gè)目標(biāo)（Economicgrowthifseenasafundamentalgoalforcountries）拓展:becauseahealthyeconomyresultsinjobcreation,ahighlevelofemploymentandbettersalariesforallcitizens,whichhelpsacountry’sstandingontheglobalstage,intermsofitspoliticalinfluenceandtradingpower.結(jié)果Asaresult,therefore,asaconsequence,inotherwords,toputitinanotherway具體化題目：犯過(guò)罪的人是否是最佳人選與年輕人討論犯罪的危險(xiǎn)論據(jù)：年輕人更容易接受有親身經(jīng)歷的人的意見(jiàn)Teenagersaremorelikelytoacceptadvicefromsomeonewhocanspeakfromexperience.擴(kuò)展：Itisbecausethatreformedoffenderscantellyoungpeopleabouthowtheybecameinvolvedincrime,thedangerofacriminallifestyle,andwhatlifeinprisonisreallylike,therebydispellinganyideasthatteenagersmayhiveaboutcriminalsleadingglamorouslives.舉例子Forexample.../Forinstance.../Acaseinpointisthat...../,whichcanbeillustratedbytheexamplethat...題目：廣告的好處多還是壞處多論據(jù)：廣告容易導(dǎo)致盲目消費(fèi)Thefirstdrawbackofadvertisingisthatthevariouskindsofeye-catchingcommercialsmayleadpeopletomakepurchasesirrationally.擴(kuò)展：Currently,thereexistsomepeoplewhoarewillingtoselltheirownbodyorgansoreventheirvirginityinordertopursueanextravagantwayoflifewhichtheycouldnotaffordatthemoment,whichcanbeseenasanexampleofirrationalconsumption.題目：自己住的好處多還是壞處多？論據(jù)：自己住可以變得更加獨(dú)立Onanindividuallevel,peoplewhochoosetolivealonemaybecomemoreindependentantself-reliantthanthosewholivewithfamilymembers.拓展：Ayoungadultwholivesalone,forexample,willneedtolearntocook,clean,paybillsandmanagehisorherbudget,allofwhicharevaluablelifeskills;anincreaseinnumberofsuchindividualscancertainlybeseenasapositivedevelopment.題目：大城市生活越來(lái)越糟糕論據(jù)：政府應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)公共交通以建設(shè)污染和交通擁堵收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔Politicianshavethepowertobanvehiclesfromcitycentersandpromotetheuseofcleanerpublictransport,whichwouldhelptoreducebothairpollutionandtrafficcongestion.擴(kuò)展：InLondon,forexample,theintroductionofcongestionchargefordrivershashelpedtocurbthetrafficproblem.列數(shù)據(jù)Accordingtothestatisticsprovidedbyaresearchgroup../Aswasrevealedfromarecentreport...題目：環(huán)境污染的原因和解決辦法論據(jù)：原因之一是汽車(chē)尾氣Thefirstculpritofdegradingenvironmentmightbetheincreasingamountofcarexhaustproducedbyvehicles.擴(kuò)展：Aswasrevealedfromarecentreport,approximately50,000familiesinBeijingownmorethantwoprivatecars,whichinevitablygivesrisetoaconsiderableamountofcarexhaust.過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比Inthepast,peopleusedto.....，butnowwe...題目：高科技帶來(lái)的好處多還是壞處多論據(jù)：科技極大便利了人與人之間的交流Firstofall,technologicaladvanceshaveconsiderablycontributedtotheexchangeofideasandinformationamongpeople.擴(kuò)展：Inthepast,peopleusedtowriteletterswhichusuallytookseveralmonthstoarriveatsomedistantdestinations,butnowinstantcommunicationhasbeenrealizedthroughvariouskindsofcommunicationtools,suchasphones,video-chattingandsocialnetworkingwebsites,whichhassubstantiallyfacilitatedoutdailylives.對(duì)比Comparedwith/incomparisonwith/bycontrast題目：gapyear好與不好論據(jù)：garyear的優(yōu)點(diǎn)Thereasonforthistrendmayinvolvetherecognitionthatayoungadultwhopassesdirectlyfromschooltouniversityisratherrestrictedintermsofgeneralknowledgeandexperienceoftheworld.Bycontrast,thosewhohavespentsometimeearningalivingortravellingtootherplaces,haveabroaderviewoflifeandbetterpersonalresourcestodrawon.反面假設(shè)采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，主句+would/wouldnot題目：大學(xué)生應(yīng)不應(yīng)該學(xué)電腦論據(jù)：應(yīng)該，因?yàn)殡娔X提供很多信息ThefirstreasonwhystudyingcomputerskillsisamustforcollegestudentsisthattheInternetprovidesstudentswithdiversifiedtypesofinformationwhichiscrucialtosurvivalinthisworld.Conversely,ifcollegestudentsdidn’tacquaintthemselveswithcomputerskills,theywouldprobablylagbehindthetimesorevenbeinthedanger收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔ofbeingacompleteoutsidersincewehaveaccesstomostofthecurrentinformationthroughtheInternet.題目:年輕人離開(kāi)父母越早越好嘛？論據(jù)：不是，父母可以為年輕的孩子提供及時(shí)的引導(dǎo)Initially,moralguidancecouldbeofferedbyparentstoensurethoseyoungsterstorefrainfrommisleadingbyinappropriatebehaviorsaroundthem.Afterall,thosewhostillstaywiththeirparentsmightbeinformedofrightwaysofdealingwithpossibletroubles.擴(kuò)展：Conversely,ifyoungadolescentswereexposedtotemptationsandevilsofsocietywithouttheirparents’protection,theywouldmoreliketoembarkoncriminalroadthatothercohorts.5.報(bào)告型(Report)i.題目Pleasegivereasonsandyoursuggestions.Pleasediscussthecausesandpossiblesolutions.Pleasediscussthecausesandthepossibleeffectsonthesociety.ii.結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)頭介紹背景（如可能，提前概括原因；如不可能，則給出文章框架）原因段（主題句+2-3個(gè)原因）措施段影響段（主題句+2-3個(gè)措施/影響）概括措施影響iii.開(kāi)頭段二要素介紹背景（1-2句）提前概括原因，如(Itseemstomethat,....,....and....arethetreemaincausesthatmaycontributetotheproblem)或者給出文章框架(在大陸考試慎用)板式：Thisessaywillfirstanalyzeallthepossiblecausesoftheproblemandthencomeupwithseveralfeasiblesolutionsthatcouldbeadoptedinordertoavoidthedeteriorationofthesituation.舉例題目：Thequalityoflifeinbigcitiesbecomesworse.Talkaboutcausesofthisproblemsandhowtosolvethisproblem.開(kāi)頭段：Despitethefactthattechnologicaladvanceshavebroughtaboutmayconveniencestopeople’sdailylives,thequalityoflifehasnotnecessarilybeenenhanced,butratherbeenaggravated.Itseemstomethatenvironmentalpollutionandpopulationexplosionarethetwomainculprits.Culprit罪魁禍?zhǔn)譱v.主段寫(xiě)法段落1二或三要素主題句，如（Themaincausesthatmyleadtothisproblemcanbelistedasfollows）注意：如開(kāi)頭段第二句已經(jīng)概括原因，這里可以沒(méi)有主題句。原因1+擴(kuò)展收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔原因2+擴(kuò)展環(huán)境類詞匯污染物：pollutant=contaminant=toxicwaste惡化：degrade=deteriorate=exacerbate=aggravate=worsen居民：inhabitant=resident壽命：lifespan=lifeexpectancy標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：criterion,standard新能源:renewablefuels,non-fossilfuels,promotetheuseofrenewablefuels擺脫：breakingawayfrom提升意識(shí)：raisetheawarenessof制定措施：enactrigid(strict)lawsandregulations不可或缺、取代：indispensable,irreplaceable保障性住房：socialhousing：Thefirstcauseofdegradinglifequalitymightbethedeterioratingenvironment.Infact,astheeconomyisdevelopingatanamazingspeed,demandsforelectronicdevicesandvariousotherkindsofconsumergoodsaresoaring.Accordingly,factorieshavetobeinfulloperationinordertosatisfythegrowingneeds,whichinevitablyproducesenormousindustrialcontaminants.Besides,theexplodingpopulationmightbeasecondculpritforthelowerlifequality.Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedconsiderableadvancesinmedicalscienceandmedicalinstrumentswhichhavesubstantiallyincreasedpeople’saveragelifespan.However,theincreasingnumberofresidentsontheplanetmakesthelimitedlivingspaceevenmorelimited,whichmayadverselyaffectpeople’swell-being.段落2三要素主題句，如(Severalactionsmustbetakeninordertopreventthedeterior