2017年全國成人高考專升本英語試題及答案

2017年成人高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語I.Phonetics(5points)Directions:Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwords,therearefourunderlinedlettersorlettercombinationsmarkedA,B,CandD、Comparetheunderlinedpartsandidentifytheonethatisdifferentfromtheothersinpronunciation.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1、A、penalty B、moment C、quarrel D、absent2、A、sympathy B、material C、courage D、analysis3、A、starvation B、suggestion C、satisfaction D、situation4、A、donkey B、turkey C、money D、obey5、A、revise B、consist C、advertise D、visit【答案】1、A 2、C 3、B 4、D 5、BⅡ.VocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD、ChooseoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.6、JonathanandJoeleftthehousetogofor_____aftersupper.（D）A、walk C、walks B、thewalk D、awalk【解析】句意：晚飯后，喬納森和喬離開了房子去散步。goforawalk固定搭配，意為“出去走走，散步”。故選D。7、Hepointedatthenewcarandasked,"_____isit?Haveyoueverseenitbefore?"（D）A、Why B、Where C、Who D、Whose【解析】句意：他指著那輛新轎車問道：“那輛車是誰的？你以前見過嗎？”whose用來詢問物品的持有者，意為“誰的”。why表原因，意為“為什么”；where表地點，意為“哪里”；who指人，意為“誰”。故選D。8、Myfatherasked_____tohelpwithhiswork.（B）A、IandTom B、Tomandme C、meandTom D、TomandI【解析】句意：我的父親叫我和湯姆幫他干活。單數(shù)人稱并列時，順序為“you，he/sheandI”，復(fù)數(shù)時，順序為“we，youandthey”。此處為單數(shù)人稱并列作賓語，故選B。9、Nowadayslittleknowledge_____tobeadangerousthing.（C）A、seem B、seemed C、doesseem D、doseem【解析】句意：如今，知識匱乏似乎是一件危險的事。由句首的nowadays可判斷，該句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故排除B項。littleknowledge表示的是否定意義，是不可數(shù)名詞，故謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，故排除A項和D項。does在這里是助動詞，表示強調(diào)，故選C。10、Iftheirmarketingteamsucceeds,they_____theirprofitsby20percent.（A）A、willincrease B、wouldbeincreasingC、willhaveincreased D、wouldhavebeenincreasing【解析】句意：如果他們的營銷團隊取得成功，那么他們的利潤將增加20%。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句可以分為兩類：真實條件句和虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)情況發(fā)生的可能性很大時，則為真實條件句；如果假設(shè)不大可能實現(xiàn)時，則為虛擬條件句。這里所表述的是客觀情況，所以為真實條件句。從句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，則主句用將來時，故選A。11、You'dbettertakethesedocumentswithyou_____youneedthemforthemeeting.（B）A、unless B、incase C、until D、sothat【解析】句意：你最好帶上這些文件，以防會議中你會用到。unless除了；incase以防，以備；sothat以便，為了；until直到。根據(jù)句意，故選B。12、Ihaven'tbeentoapopfestivalbeforeandMikehasn't_____.（D）A、too B、aswell C、neither D、either【解析】句意：我以前沒有去過流行音樂節(jié)，邁克也沒有去過。too和aswell表示“也”時，用于肯定句和疑問句；neither用作副詞時，意為“兩者都不”，放在句首，句子采用部分倒裝；either作副詞時也可表示“也”，用于否定句，一般位于句末。故選D。13、_____isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter.（A）A、As B、Once C、That D、It【解析】句意：眾所周知，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。as在此句中引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，且在從句中作主語，故選A。14、Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages_____inthedictionary.（C）A、lacking B、losing C、missing D、dropping【解析】句意：約翰向書店老板抱怨在字典中少了好幾頁。表示缺少，失蹤一般選擇用missing、lost或者gone。故選C。15、Notuntilthegamehadbegun_____atthesportsground.（C）A、shouldhehavearrived B、wouldhehavearrivedC、didhearrive D、hadhearrived【解析】句意：直到比賽開始他才到達運動場。notuntil引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，主句部分倒裝。當(dāng)從句的時態(tài)是過去完成時，則主句中的時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時，故選C。16、Moviegoersknowthatmanyspecialeffectsarecreatedbycomputers._____theyoftendon'tknowisthatthesescenesstillrequirealotofwork.（C）A、That B、Whom C、What D、How【解析】句意：?？措娪暗娜酥涝S多特效都是通過電腦制作出來的。但他們往往不知道的是制作這些場景還需要投入大量的工作。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所在從句在鰲個句子中是主語，從句中缺少賓語，且賓語指的是事，要用what引導(dǎo)。故選C。17、Thepresidentistogiveaformal_____attheopeningceremony.（A）A、speech B、debate C、discussion D、argument【解析】句意：總統(tǒng)將在開幕式上做正式講話。speech演講；debate辯論，爭論；discussion討論；argument論點，爭論。giveaspeech為固定搭配，意為“發(fā)表講話，做演講”，故選A。18、WhenIamconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes_____,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.（B）A、faint B、blank C、dark D、blind【解析】句意：當(dāng)我遇到這些問題時，我頭腦一片空白，甚至記不起自己的生日。faint模糊的；blank空白的；dark黑暗的；blind盲目的。one'smindgoesblank是固定表達，意為“頭腦一片空白”，故選B。19、Iftheyarewillingtolendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblemswillbe_____.（A）A、solved B、caused C、covered D、met【解析】句意：如果他們愿意借給我們那筆錢的話，一切問題都將迎刃而解。solve解決；cause引起；cover覆蓋；meet遇到。solveproblems固定搭配，意為“解決問題”，故選A。20、Thisarticle_____moreattentiontotheproblemofculturalconflicts.（D）A、caresfor B、allowsfor C、appliesfor D、callsfor【解析】句意：這篇文章呼吁人們多關(guān)注文化沖突的問題。carefor關(guān)心，照顧；allowfor考慮到；appliefor申請，請求；callfor呼吁。根據(jù)句意，故選D。Ⅲ.Cloze(30points)Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD、ChoosetheonethatismostsuitableandmarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet、Whatenablessomepeopletogetbigcreativebreakthroughswhileothersonlygetsmallandnon-creativebreakdowns,blamingthemselvesandsociety?Aresomepeople"gifted"?Arethereotherfactors21work-factorsthatwehavemorecontroloverthanwethink?Whilenobodycandenythe22thatsomepeopleseemtobeblessedwithparticularcreativity,researchshowsthatanyonecan23theirchancesofcomingupwithnewandoriginalideas24theywouldonlyengagethemselvesmoreintheprocessof25.It'stheoldThomasEdisonthingabout"discovery2699percentperspiration（汗水）andlpercentinspiration."27,thestudiesprovethis:greatcreativebreakthroughsusuallyhappenonly28intenseperiodsofstruggle.Itissustainedefforttowardsaspecificgoal29eventuallypreparesforinsights.Thiskindofsustainedeffortdoesnotalways30immediateresults,afactthatnotonlyseparatestheinnovators（革新者）fromnon-innovators,but31leadssomepeopletoconcludethatitisjustnot32forthem."MaybeIshouldhavegonetomedicalschoollikemymotherwanted,"theywonderwhenthebreakthroughis33tobefound.Alas,oneforgetsduringtheirinevitableencounters34self-doubt,thatthebigsurpriseisnever35.Indeed,itcanhappenatanytimeandplace.21、A、to B、in C、at D、byC【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“是否還有其他因素在起作用”，atwork意為“起效，起作用”，符合題意。故選C。22、A、issue B、problem C、reason D、factD【解析】空格后that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句意為“一些人似乎被賦予特殊的創(chuàng)造力”，這是一個客觀事實，issue主題，發(fā)行；problem問題；reason原因；fact；事實。根據(jù)句意，故選D。23、A、miss B、reduce C、increase D、loseC【解析】根據(jù)前一句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while可知，該句與上句應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，上句說“雖然一些人似乎被賦予特殊的創(chuàng)造力”，所以此處應(yīng)表示“但是研究表明任何人都能增加他們創(chuàng)造力的機會”，Increase意為“增加”，符合題意。故選C。24、A、because B、if C、while D、whetherB【解析】前文說“研究表明任何人都能增加他們創(chuàng)造力的機會，此處應(yīng)指增加這種機會應(yīng)具備的條件，所以用if。故選B。25、A、creation B、practice C、production D、achievementA【解析】根據(jù)句意可如，此處表達的是“在創(chuàng)造的過程中”，creation意創(chuàng)造；practice實踐；production生產(chǎn)；achievement成就。根據(jù)句意，故選A。26、A、being B、be C、was D、wereA【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“探索就是99%的汗水加1%的靈感”。引號中的內(nèi)容位于介詞about之后，故此空應(yīng)填be動詞的非謂語形式，故選A。27、A、Soonerorlate B、SomedayorotherC、Everynowandthen D、TimeandagainD【解析】根據(jù)空格后的greatcreativebreak-throughsintenseperiodsofstruggle可知，此處表示的觀點與前文一致，即研究一次又一次證明創(chuàng)造力離不開艱苦奮斗。soonerorlater遲早；somedayorother總有一天；everynowandthen不時地，常常；timeandagain屢次，再三。故選D。28、A、beyond B、after C、above D、throughB【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“偉大的創(chuàng)造性突破往往在長期的努力后才會出現(xiàn)”。beyond超出；after在……之后；above在……上面；through通過。根據(jù)句意，故選B。29、A、that B、who C、what D、asA【解析】本句是一個強調(diào)句，意為“正是朝一個特定目標(biāo)堅持不懈的努力為偉大的創(chuàng)造力奠定了基礎(chǔ)”。強調(diào)句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis（was）+被強調(diào)郝分（主語、賓語或狀語）+who/at…”，此處強調(diào)的是sustainedefforttowardsaspecificgoal，所以填that，故選A。30、A、creat B、produce C、inspire D、encourageB【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“這種堅持不懈的努力不一定立刻有成效”。create創(chuàng)造；produce產(chǎn)生；inspire鼓舞；encourage鼓勵。根據(jù)句意，故選B。31、A、too B、once C、again D、alsoD【解析】notonly...butalso...固定用法，意為“不僅……而且……”。故選D。32、A、good B、difficult C、possible D、stupidC【解析】前文說“這種堅持不懈的努力不一定立刻有成效”，所以這一事實會導(dǎo)致有些人認為他們是不可能取得創(chuàng)造性的突破。good好的；difficult困難的；possible可能的；stupid愚蠢的。possible符合文意，故選C。33、A、anywhere B、everywhere C、somewhere D、nowhereD【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“當(dāng)沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何突破時，他們會感到懷疑”。anywhere任何地方；everywhere到處；somewhere在某處。nowhere任何地方都沒有。根據(jù)句意，故選D。34、A、against B、across C、with D、intoC【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“與自我懷疑的不可避免的邂逅”，encounterwith表示“偶遇，遇到”，符合題意。故選C。35、A、faraway B、usedup C、clearedoff D、nearbyA【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“巨大的驚喜一定在不遠處，它可能在任何時候、任何地點發(fā)生”。faraway遙遠的；usedup用完，耗盡；clearedoff擺脫，清除；nearby在附近。根據(jù)句意，故選A。IV.ReadingComprehension(60points)Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfourquestions.ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD、ChooseonebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneDebateisavaluablewaytopractisecommunicating.Itcanalsobringlong-lastingrewards,especiallypeopleworkingwithWesternbusinesses.Themainactivityofdebateispresentingone'sopinionandsupportingitwithevidence,suchasstatisticsorfacts.Itisawayofpersuasivecommunication.CharlesLebeauhelpedcreatethe"DiscoverDebate"method.HesaysdebateisimportanttounderstandinghowpeoplecommunicateinWesternbusiness.Successfuldebaterslearnhowtogivetheiropinion,reasonsandsupport."Whatwearetryingtodoistodevelopakindofthinkingorapproachtodiscussionandhowtointeractwithsomeoneelse'sopinion,ratherthanbrushtheiropinionaside."Debateskillsarealsoimportantinsellingaproduct,hesays.Inthatsituation,thejudgesarethecustomers."SoonMonday,forexample,onecompanymaycomeinandpresenttheircasetothecustomerandthey'llmakeasstrongacaseastheycan.OnTuesday,thenextday,anothercompanywillcomeinandpresenttheircasetothecustomer.Usuallythepartythatcanpresentthestrongestcasewins.Debatealsostrengthenscriticalthinking.Inotherwords,ithelpsstudentslearntoaskquestionsandtrytounderstandsomeone'sreasonsandevidence.Mr.Lebeaupointsoutthatsuccessfuldebaterslearntolistencarefullytowhatotherpeoplearesaying.Then,theylookfortheweakpointsinsomeoneelse'sopinionorargument.Hesaysdebateteachesasystematicwayquestioning.Successfuldebatersalsolearntothinkfromsomeoneelse'spointofview.Mr.Lebeausaysdebatecanhelpbroadenthemind."There'sanexpressioninEnglish:don'tcriticizeanotherpersonbeforeyouhavewalkedintheirshoes.Ithinkthewonderfulthingaboutdebateis,itputsusinanotherperson'sshoes."36、AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisthepurposeofdebate?（D）A、Tobringlong-lastingmaterialrewards.B、Topresentevidencesuchasstatisticsandfacts.C、Torespondtoquestionsinasystematicsway.D、Topersuadepeopletoacceptyouropinions.【解析】根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itisawayofpersuasivecommunication.”可知，辯論是一種說服性的溝通方式，所以辯論的目的是為了說服別人接受自己的觀點，故選D。37、Whyisdebateimportant?（C）A、Ithelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter.B、Itallowspeopletopresenttheiropinions.C、Itdevelopsone'sthinkingandcommunicativecompetence.D、Itgivesonetheopportunitytobrushothers'opinionaside.【解析】根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，CharlesLebeau等人創(chuàng)造“DiscoverDebate”method的目的是開發(fā)一種思維方式或與別人交流的方法，所以，辯論之所以重要是因為它可以提升一個人的思維能力和交流能力，故選C。38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"case"inParagraph3referto?（A）A、Container. B、Evidence C、Problem D、Product【解析】根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，“辯論對于銷售產(chǎn)品來說也十分重要”，所以接下來舉的例子應(yīng)與推銷產(chǎn)品相關(guān)，由此可推測，case-詞指的是某種具體產(chǎn)品，即“箱子”，故選A。39.Whatcandebatersbenefitfrom"walkinginanotherperson'sshoes"?（A）A、Becomingmorebroad-minded.B、Developingcriticalthinking.C、Findingothers'weakpoints.D、Tryingoutothers'methods.【解析】根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，“walkinginanotherperson'sshoes”指站在他人的角度思考問題，而Lebemi認為辯論有利于拓寬人的心胸，所以換位思考可以使人心胸開闊，接受不同的意見，故選A。PassageTwoWeallloveahero,andrescuedogsaresomeofthebiggestheroesofall.Youwilloftenthemgoingaboveandbeyonddutytosavesomeone,risking-andattimeslosing-theirlivesinprocess.RescuedogsaregenerallyfoundintheSportingandHuntingCroups,orfromthetraditionalHerdingGroup.ThesetypesincludetheBloodhound,LabradorRetriever,Newfoundland,GermanShepherd,GoldenRetriever,andBelgianMalinois—allofwhicharechosenforsearch-and-rescuedutybecauseoftheiramazingphysicalstrength,loyalty,andtheirtendencyformentalstability.Thesetypesalsohaveakeensenseofhearingandsmell-tobelterlocatelostindividuals-andareoftenabletoaccesshard-to-reachareas.Ashighlytrainedanimals,theyserveinmanydifferentfields,includingspecialistsearch,snowsliderescue,deadbodylocation,andtracking.Toovercomeobstaclesandsucceedwhenperformingthedemandingdutiesofasearch-andrescueworker,adogmustdisplaycertainqualities.Inadditiontointelligenceandstrength,thedogmustbeswift,confident,easilytrainable,adaptable,andhaveahighlevelofstamina（耐力）andendurance.Astrongsenseofgroupcooperationandanabilitytoengageinfriendlyplayduring"down"timeisalsorequiredofsearch-and-rescuedogs.Arescuedoggoesthroughmany,manyhoursofintensivetrainingtobefitforduty.Trainingisnotforthefaint-hearted.Certificationtrainingcantakefromtwotothreeyears,workingthreetohoursaday,threetosixdaysaweek,ofteningroup,team-orientedsessions.Eachsearch-and-rescuefieldrequiresdifferenttypesoftraining.Rescuetraining,forinstance,includes"airscenting"-where.dogsaretrainedtosmelltheairforthevictim'sscent（氣味）andthenfollowthescenttotheperson.Thisabilityiscrucialtofindingvictimstrappedundercollapsedbuildingsandsnowslide.40、Rescuedogsarechosenprobablybecause_____.（A）A、theyareloyalB、theyarebraveC、theyhaveamazingappearancesD、theyhavegoodeyesight【解析】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“枷ofwhicharechosenfor...loyalty，andtheirtendencyformentalstability”可知，挑選搜救犬的條件是強壯的體格、忠誠、心理穩(wěn)定程度，故選A。41、Whatdoes"faint-hearted"inParagraph5mean?（B）A、Courageous B、Cowardly C、Energetic D、Slow【解析】根據(jù)第五段可知，搜救犬需要經(jīng)過長期的艱苦訓(xùn)練，所以這種訓(xùn)練應(yīng)該不適合懦弱膽小者，只有頑強的搜救犬才能堅持下來。由此可見，faint-hearted應(yīng)指“懦弱的”，故選B。42、Whichabilityismostimportantfordogstorescuepeopletrappedinsnow?（C）A、Sharphearing.B、Swiftmovement.C、Extraordinarysmelling.D、Astrongmemory.【解析】根據(jù)第六段最后兩句可知，搜救訓(xùn)練的一項內(nèi)容是讓搜救犬去嗅空氣中受害者的氣味，這項能力對發(fā)現(xiàn)被困在坍塌建筑物和雪崩中的受害者至關(guān)重要。由此可見，在搜救被困在雪里的受害者時，搜救犬極其敏銳的嗅覺是最重要的，故選C。43、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（B）A、Selectionprocessofrescuedogs.B、Qualitiesandtrainingofrescuedogs.C、Risksrescuedogsarefacedwith.D、Typesoftasksrescuedogscanperform.【解析】文章第二、三、四段主要講搜救犬需要具備的能力和條件，第五、六段講搜救犬的訓(xùn)練，所以這篇文章的主題是搜救犬的本領(lǐng)和訓(xùn)練，故選B。PassageThreeEatinganappleadaydoesn'tkeepthedoctoraway,butitdoesreducetheamountoftripsyoumaketothedrugstoreperyear.That'saccordingtoanewstudythatinvestigateswhetherthere'sanytruthintheoldsaving.AteamofresearchersledbyDrMatthewDavis,oftheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofNursing.asked8,399participantstoanswersurveyquestionsaboutdietandhealth.Atotalof753wereappleeaters,consumingatleast149gofrawappleperday.Theremaining7,646wereclassedasnon-appleeaters.Whenbothgroupsansweredquestionsontripstothedoctorandtripstothedrugstoreperyear,theappleeaterswerefoundtobe27%lesslikelytovisitthedruggistfordrugs.Tripstothedoctorwerenotsignificantlyaffectedbyappleconsumption,though."Evidencedoesnotsupportthatanappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.However,thesmallnumberofUSadultswhoeatanappleadaydoesappeartousefewerprescriptionmedications,thestudyconcludes.Appleeaterswerealsofoundtobelesslikelytosmokeandbemorelikelytohaveahighereducationalattainmentthannon-appleeaters.Whileapplesdonotcompetewithoranges,theydocontainsomeimmune(system-increasingvitaminC,whichmaybewhyapple-eatersvisitthedruggistless.Withover8mgofvitaminCpermedium-sizedfruit,anapplecanprovideroughly14%yourdailyrecommendedintake.PreviousstudieshavealsolinkedappleconsumptiontoalowerriskofType2diabetes(二型糖尿病),improvedlungfunctionandalowerriskcolon(結(jié)腸)cancer.44、Howmanynon-appleeatersansweredsurveyquestionsintheresearch?（B）A、149 B、7,646. C、753 D、8,399【解析】根據(jù)第二段前三句可知，總共有8，399人回答了問卷調(diào)查的問題；總共有753名吃蘋果的人，他們每天至少消耗49克生蘋果；剩下的7，646人被歸類為不吃蘋果的人，故選B。45、Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?（D）A、AppleconsumptionhasgreatlyreducedUSadults'tripstothedoctor.B、Anappleadaydoeskeepthedoctoraway.C、ApplesarefarmorenutritiousthanorangesD、AsmallnumberofUSadultappleeaterstendtotakelessmedicine【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，研究結(jié)果表明，每天吃一個蘋果的少數(shù)美國人似乎確實服用較少的處方藥，故選D。46、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（B）A、Applesarebetterthanoranges.B、ApplesdohavesomevitaminCtoincreasetheimmunesystem.C、Applescanhelpcurecertaindiseases.D、Applescanprovidepeoplewithsufficientdailyintakeofenergy【解析】根據(jù)第四段第二句中的“theydocontainsomeimmunesystem-1ncreasingvitaminC”可知，蘋果中確實含有能增強免疫系統(tǒng)的維生素C，故選B。47、Whatcanbedescribedasthewritingstyleofthispassage?（A）A、Objective. B、Creative. C、Subjective. D、Persuasive.【解析】文章用調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和科學(xué)觀點來展開論述，所以是客觀的，故選A。PassageFourSometimesIscratchmyheadwhenIreadaboutthegovernment'seffortstoimproveschools:newstandardsandteststobeapplied,strictteacherevaluations,andthreatsofschoolclosuresandjoblosses.Theyfrightentheschoolemployees,nottomentionthestudents.Insteadofmakingpeopleunabletosolveproblemsortrynewideas-whichiswhatfeardoestous-researchonschoolreformstronglysuggeststhatpolicy-makersshouldencourageschoolleaderstotakeamorehumaneapproach.IntheirstudyonthereformeffortsoftwelveChicagopublicschools,BrykandSchneiderfoundthatenablingpositivesocialrelationshipsbetweentheadultswasthekeytosuccessfulschoolimprovementandthattrustwasattheheartofthoserelationships.Trustinschoolscomesdowntoonething:psychologicalsafetyorsafetytospeakone'stodiscusswithopennessandhonestywhatisandisn'tworking,tomakecollectivedecisions.Yetthiskindofsafetydoesn'tcomeeasilytoschools.AccordingtoBrykandSchneider,theadultsinschoolrelyoneachothertodotheirjobscorrectlyandwithintegrity（正直）.Thechallengeisthatourexpectationsareverydiversebasedonouruniquebackgrounds.AtoneschoolwhereItaught,eachteacherhaddifferentexpectationsabouthowmuchextraeffortteachersshouldputintotheirwork-abigdifferencebetweentheteacherswholeftafterthelastbellandthosewhoworkedintotheevening.Andwhenexpectationsareunconsciousorunspoken,itbecomesimpossibleforotherstoliveuptothem.Wealsomakeassumptionsabouttheintentionsbehindaperson'sbehavior.Asweallknow,assumptionsareoftenwrong.Forexample,parentsandteachersmaythinktheprincipalmadeaparticulardecisionbasedonhiscareeradvancementratherthanwhat'sbestforthestudents.Ifwedon'tfeelpsychologicallysafetoquestionourassumptionsandexpectations,trustfliesoutthewindowandourrelationshipssuffer.48、AccordingtoParagraphl,whydoestheauthorscratchhishead?（D）A、Becausehedoesn'tknowwhattodoonceschoolsareclosedB、Becauseheisnotsureaboutthepracticabilityofthosenewtests.C、Becauseheisconcernedthatmanyteacherswilllosetheirjobs.D、Becauseheisnotinfavorofthegovernment'sreformefforts.【解析】根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，作者認為政府針對學(xué)校的改革措施威脅到了學(xué)校的雇員和學(xué)生，并且這些改革使人們失去了解決問題或嘗試新想法的能力，所以，作者撓頭是因為他不贊成政府的改革措施，故選D。49、AccordingtoBrykandSchneider,whatwasmostimportantforsuccessfulschoolimprovement?（B）A、Newstandardsandtestsinschools.B、Positivesocialrelationships.C、Strictteacherandstudentevaluations.D、Assistanceofthegovernment.【解析】根據(jù)第一段最后一句中“enablingpositivesocialrelationships...wasthekeytosuccessfulschoolimprovement”可知，Bryk和Schneider認為積極的社會關(guān)系對成功的學(xué)校改革來說是最重要的，故選B。50、Whatismeantbytrustinschool?（A）A、Freedomtoexpressone'sviews.B、Extraeffortteachersputintotheirwork.C、Independenceoftheteachersinschools.D、Unconsciousandunspokenexpectations.【解析】根據(jù)第二段可知，學(xué)校中的信任其實就是能夠說出心中所想，能夠公開、誠實地討論哪些事行得通、哪些事行不通，并且能夠做集體決定。所以，學(xué)校中的信任就是自由地表達觀點，故選A。51、Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheassumptionsmadeabouttheintentionsbehindaperson'sbehavior?（C）A、Theyshouldbetrusted.B、Theyareoftenbold.C、Theyareoftenincorrect.D、Theyshouldbeencouraged.【解析】根據(jù)第五段前兩句可知，我們總是猜測一個人的行為背后的意圖，但眾所周知，猜測往往是錯誤的，故選C。PassageFiveAninterestingprojectcalledBlueZonesisrecordingthelifestylesecretsofthecommunitieswiththehighestconcentrationsofcentenariansintheworld.ThepeopleinthefiveregionsinEurope,LatinAmerica,AsiaandtheUSthatlivetobe100havealotgoingforthem.Genesprobablyplayasmallrole,butthesefolksalsohavestrongsocialties,tightly-knitfamiliesandlotsofopportunitiestoexercise.AswereexaminingthedietarysecretsoftheBlueZones,asdescribedinauthorDanBuettner'slatestbook,TheBlueZonesSolution,wewerestruckbyhowessentialteadrinkingisintheseregions.Infact,Buettner'sBlueZonesBeverageRule-akindofguidelinesummarizedfromhis15orsoyearsstudyingtheseplaces-is:"Drinkcoffeeforbreakfast,teaintheafternoon,wineat5p.m."Sciencehasplentytosayaboutthehealthfulvirtuesofgreentea.Researchersaremostenthusiasticaboutthecomponentsingreentea,aswellasfoodslikecocoa.WhymighttheyhelpsomanyOkinawansinJapanbreak100?Somecomponentsingreenteacanlowertheriskofstroke,heartdiseaseandseveralcancers.Onereviewstudyalsofoundthatdrinkinggreenteacanslightlyimprovemetabolism(新陳代謝).IfyoufindyourselfontheislandofIkaria,theGreekBlueZoneinthemiddleoftheAegean,youwon'tbeofferedanyteamadewithtealeaves.Instead,Ikarianstypicallymaketheirdailycupofteawithjustonefreshherbthattheyhavepickedthemselvesthatday-eitherrosemary,wildsage,oregano,maijoram,mintordandelion,allplantsthatmayhaveanti-inflammatory（消炎的）properties,whichmayhelplowerbloodpressure.ThiscouldexplainIkaria'sverylowdementia（癡呆）rate,sincehighbloodpressureisariskfactorforthedisease.52、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"centenarians"inParagraph1referto?（C）A、Peoplewhohavesecretlifestyles.B、PeoplewhoenjoyphysicalexerciseC、Peoplewhoareonehundredyearsoldorolder.D、Peoplewhocarrythegeneforbeingslim.【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“l(fā)ivetobe100havealotgoingforthem”可知，centenarians是指“百歲老人”，故選C。53、AccordingtoParagraph3,whatistherecommendedtimeforteadrinking?（D）A、Inthemorning.B、Anytimeofaday.C、Intheearlyevening.D、Intheafternoon.【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句中“teaintheafternoon”可知，喝茶的建議時間是下午，故選D。54、WhatmaytheteaIkariansdrinkdailyhelp?（B）A、Toimprovemetabolism.B、Tolowerbloodpressure.C、Tolowerlifestress.D、Toimprovesocialrelationships.【解析】根據(jù)第五段第二句中“Ikarianstypicallymaketheirdailycupoftea...mayhelplowerbloodpressure”可知，伊卡里亞人每天喝的茶有助于降低血壓，故選B。55、Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?（A）A、Tea-DrinkingTipsB、LifestyleSecretsofIkariansC、Tea-DrinkingCeremonyinOkinawaD、BlueZonesSolutions【解析】文章