【2020中考復(fù)習(xí)】中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理

【2020中考復(fù)習(xí)】中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理of，insteadof，farfrom等。介詞短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)介詞不同。介詞短語(yǔ)指由“介詞＋名詞/代詞等”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，如atschool，bybus，onSunday等，在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作連詞(作連詞時(shí)，其后接句子)，如after，before等；而有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作副詞，如above，below等。介詞是中考試卷中的“?？汀?，從時(shí)間上看，年年都要考；從地點(diǎn)上看，每個(gè)地區(qū)都要考?？疾榻樵~的主要題目有：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻譯等。一、對(duì)時(shí)間介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語(yǔ)at①表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或是瞬間②用在節(jié)假日前表示“在……期間”③用于某些固定搭配Iusuallygetupathalfpastsix、BillgotalotofpresentsatChristmas、atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具體的某一天或具體到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays、Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevening、in①用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀(jì)等②泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上③“in+時(shí)間段”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990sinthemorning/afternoon/eveningShesaysthathermotherwillbeback____________________(兩個(gè)小時(shí)后)、during在……期間duringthesummerholidaysbefore在……之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime、after①“after+具體時(shí)刻”，表示“在……之后”②“after+時(shí)間段”不與將來(lái)時(shí)連用。afterthreeo’clock/lunch/AugustHewillarrive______(after/in)anhour、since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子，表示“自從……以來(lái)”HehastaughtEnglishsince2001、Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime、for后接時(shí)間段，表示“持續(xù)一段時(shí)間”Hehaslivedhereforeightyears、till/until①表示持續(xù)到某個(gè)時(shí)候②not…until…意為“直到……才”Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday、Wecan’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops、fromfrom…to…意為“從……到……”WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday、by①表示“在……之前”、“不遲于”②表示“到……為止”Youmustbeherebyteno’clocktomorrow、bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;bynow【中考例題】1、(xx連云港)Iwasborn______December17、ThisyearI’llholdabirthdaypartyforitathome、A、onB、atC、inD、by2、(xx四川涼山)Yes,it’s______September3rd______eachyear、IttellstheworldthatChinesepeoplelovepeaceandhatewars、Chinesepeoplewillneverforgetthehistory、A、in;onB、on;/C、at;/D、on;in3、(xx山東臨沂)FormanyWesternpeople,theydrinkcoldwatereven______winter、A、onB、forC、atD、in4、(xx甘肅武威)Noproblem、A、atB、byC、inD、on5、(xx安徽)TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcome______fourdays、A、afterB、forC、duringD、in6、(xx菏澤短文填空)Afterwalkingaround________sometime,shecametoariver、7、(xx德州首字母填空)Hehasbeenawayfromhomes________twodaysago、8、(xx溫州句子填空)TheHighlandMuseumisopenedeveryday______Monday、二、對(duì)地點(diǎn)、方位介詞的考查介詞圖示意義例句1in在……之內(nèi)Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom、學(xué)生們?cè)诮淌依镒x書(shū)。2on在……上面Theboatisontheriver、那條船在河上。3beneath在……下面(緊貼著表面)Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon、太陽(yáng)此刻落到地平線下了。4over在……（正）上方Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver、河上有好幾座橋。5under在……（正）下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge、船在橋下行駛。6above在……上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds、飛機(jī)在云上飛行。7below在……下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon、太陽(yáng)沉沒(méi)在地平線下。8by/beside在……旁邊Tomissittingby/besidethewindow、湯姆坐在窗戶的旁邊。9near在……附近Idon’tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre、我不需要汽車(chē)，因?yàn)槲易≡诳拷兄行?。介詞圖示意義例句10nextto緊挨……Mybestfriendsitsnexttomeinclass、上課時(shí)我最好的朋友坐在我的旁邊。11behind在……后面Olivehidbehindatree、奧列弗藏在一棵樹(shù)后面。12outside在……外面Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater、他把汽車(chē)停在劇場(chǎng)外面。13to到……去Wewalkedtothefruitshop、我們步行到水果店。14from從……來(lái)WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh、我們從愛(ài)丁堡旅行到倫敦。15(a)round圍繞……Weallsataroundthetable、我們都圍繞著桌子坐。16between在……之間（指二者）TheletterBisbetweenAandC、字母B在A和C之間。17among在……之間（指三者或三者以上）Thehousestandsamongthetrees、房子在樹(shù)叢中。18across橫過(guò)、越過(guò)(從表面跨過(guò))Iftheroadisbusy,don’twalkacrossit、如果道路擁擠，就不要橫穿馬路。19through穿過(guò)……(從內(nèi)部穿過(guò))Wedrovethroughthetunnel、我們開(kāi)車(chē)穿過(guò)了隧道。20past/by從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)/路過(guò)……Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome、我在回家的路上經(jīng)過(guò)了一家面包店。21onto到……上Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks、人們把籃子運(yùn)上卡車(chē)。22into到……里Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets、他們把蘋(píng)果放進(jìn)籃子里。23outof從……出來(lái)Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass、上課時(shí)不要朝窗外看。24along沿著Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice、沿著這條街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到郵局。at,in,on表示地點(diǎn)的用法：①at表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指空間位置上的某一點(diǎn)，后面常接小地方。如：atthebusstop；②in表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi)，后面接大地方。如：inshanghai；③on表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指某物與另一物表面相接觸，或與某地方接壤等。如：onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法：①范圍之內(nèi)用in；②相鄰、接壤用on；③不相鄰或隔海相望用to。【中考例題】9、(xx江蘇泰州)Yes、Andthetemperaturestays______zeroallthetime、A、atB、belowC、aroundD、above10、(xx蘇州)Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremains______zeroallday、A、aboveB、belowC、overD、under11、(xx益陽(yáng))Thebankis______thebookstoreandthepostoffice、A、atthefrontofD、amongC、betweenD、in12、(xx濰坊)Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswim______thelake、A、acrossB、belowC、overD、through13、(xx貴州銅仁)Go______thebridge、You’llseeitonyourleft、A、onB、crossC、acrossD、through14、(xx黑龍江綏化)HeilongjiangProvinceis_____thenortheastofChina、A、toB、inC、onD、at15、(xx天津)Cambridgeisasmallcity______theeastofEngland、A、betweenB、withC、inD、under16、(xx南寧)Jimsitsbehindme,soIsit______him、A、atthetopofB、attheendofC、inthemiddleofD、infrontof三、對(duì)手段、方法介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語(yǔ)by①by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”②bydoingsth、：“通過(guò)某種方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday、IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio、in①in+語(yǔ)言類名詞：“用某種語(yǔ)言”②in+工具：“用某種工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Don’twriteitinpencil、Writeitinink、with①with+工具：“用某種工具或材料”②withthehelpof…：“在……的幫助下”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen、Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch、on通過(guò)某個(gè)設(shè)備Helistenstomusicontheradio、【中考例題】17、(xx江蘇鎮(zhèn)江)MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoney_____theInternet、A、throughB、alongC、acrossD、towards18、(xx上海)MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowork______underground、A、inB、withC、byD、for19、(xx成都)Gina,what’sthis______English?A、byB、forC、inD、with20、(xx萊蕪)Wecansavemoney______cookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside、A、byB、toC、forD、with四、對(duì)其他常用介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語(yǔ)about①大約②“關(guān)于”，只表示“和……有關(guān)”Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass、Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals、on“關(guān)于”，多表示內(nèi)容具有專門(mén)性，是嚴(yán)肅的和學(xué)術(shù)性的It’sabookonanimals、這是一本論及動(dòng)物的書(shū)。(學(xué)術(shù)專著)like“像……一樣”Hetalkedtomelikehisfather、as“作為；以……的身份”，后跟表示職業(yè)、職務(wù)的名詞Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems、except“除……之外”，指從整體中除去一部分WeareallhereexceptLiMing、（李明不在這兒）besides“除……之外還有（包括在內(nèi)）”WeareallherebesidesLiMing、（李明在這兒）with表示伴隨，意為“和……一起”Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends、without表示“沒(méi)有”，常作狀語(yǔ)Heleftwithoutsayingaword、for①表示目的，意為“為了”②表示原因、理由Hecamehereforacupoftea、Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”、towards“朝……方向”Adogisrunningtowardsme、off“離開(kāi)，脫離”Keepoffthegrass、勿踏草地。against靠著；反對(duì)Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree、insteadof“代替”IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV、becauseof“因?yàn)椤保硎驹騃didn’tgooutbecauseofthebadweather、【中考例題】21、(xx福州)Ofcourse、Shewastallandthin______longhair、A、inB、withC、onD、for22、(xx龍巖)Jackhadtostopworkingthoughitwas______hisownwishes、A、onB、forC、againstD、by23、(xx河南)Wildanimalsareourfriends、Weshouldn’tkillthem______foodorclothing、A、inB、withC、aboutD、for24、(xx連云港)Itisgreat______ustogetsomanyfavouritebooksonInternationalChildren’sBookDay、A、toB、withC、ofD、for25、(xx涼山完形填空)Helookedatmeand,______aword,smiled、A、inB、withC、withoutD、for26、(xx四川省內(nèi)江市)Allofuswenttothepark______Bob、Hehadtolookafterhissister、A、besidesB、withC、exceptD、besides五、對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)的考查搭配情況介詞固定搭配與名詞的搭配atatnight/noon;atonce;atfirst/last;athome/school/workafterafterschool/class;afterbreakfast/lunch/supper;afterallbybytheway;bythelake/river;bynow;bychance/accidentininclass;intime;intown;inthefuture;infact;inacar/taxionontime;onduty;onbusiness;onfoot;onatrain/ship/planeforforexample;forawhile;forsure;forfun;theidea/technologyfor…totheanswerto…/thewayto…/thekeyto…withhaveproblem/trouble/difficulty/funwith…//makefriendswith…與動(dòng)詞的搭配aboutworryabout;talkabout;thinkabout;learn/knowaboutatlookat;laughat;shoutat;pointat;knockat;arriveat;callatswh、forlookfor;askfor;waitfor;standfor;leavefor;sendforsb、fromhearfromsb、;learnfromsb、;comefrom;bemadefromondependon;geton;callonsb、;（puton;tryon;turnon）offgetoff;falloff;showoff;（takeoff;seesb、off）tobelongto;listento;getto;writeto;helponeselfto;sayhello/hito…withbeginwith;talk/chatwithsb、;agreewithsb、;geton/alongwithsb、與形容詞的搭配aboutbesureabout;besorryaboutatbemadat;begood/badat;besurprisedat;betalentedatofbeafraid/scaredof;besure/proud/fond/jealous/fullofwithbebusy/strict/angry/popular/satisfied/covered/filledwithinbeinterestedin;bedifferentinsize;bestrictinsth、forbefamousfor;belatefor;bereadyfor;begood/badfortobepolite/rude/crueltosb、;begood/friendly/kind/badtosb、frombeawayfrom;bedifferentfrom;be…awayfrom【中考例題】27、(xx濱州)Mymothersaysmyfriendissimilar______me,butIthinksheisdifferent______me、A、as;fromB、to;fromC、to;toD、as;to28、(xx鹽城)Thisphotoremindedtheoldman______thedayswhenhewasyoung、A、withB、forC、byD、of29、(xx武威)Theyhopeitcanprotectthem______terribleair、A、inB、fromC、forD、at30、(xx廣州)Whenthekingsawthatsheasplayinghisoldharp,hewasfilled______joy、A、inB、ofC、byD、with31、(xx山西)Thiskindofdressis______thisyear,andIreallywanttogetoneA、indangerB、introubleC、instyleD、intime32、(xx四川)Mr、Yang’sdaughterisprettygood___drawingpicturesandwonmanyprizes、A、withB、forC、inD、at33、(xx天津)ShenXueandZhaoHongbowonthegoldmedalforChinasowe’reproud______them、A、inB、onC、ofD、for34、(xx廣安完形填空)Ilearn______myteacherandmyclassmatesatthecorner、A、toB、atC、forD、from35、(xx煙臺(tái))Compared______someunhappypeople,thosewhoarealwayspleasedandrelaxedarelesslikelytosuffercolds、A、atB、withC、inD、of附：介詞的省略省略情況示例表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)中介詞的省略。(in)thismorning/afternoon/evening;(on)thenextday;(in)nextweek/month/year;(in)lastnight/week/year;(on)thedaybeforeyesterday;(in)theyearbeforelast;(on)tomorrowmorning;(on)every/some/one/allday…在肯定句中表示一段時(shí)間的for?？墒÷?。Ihavebeenwaitingforyou(for)awholeafternoon、HehasstudiedEnglish(for)fiveyears、在“of+大小、形狀、年齡”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，of常省略。WhenIwas(of)yourage,Iknewmuchlessthanyou、Thedesksinourclassare(of)thesamecolour,material,shape,heightandlength、在here，there，home等副詞前。come(to)here;go(to)there;go(to)home某些習(xí)語(yǔ)中的省略。bebusy(in)doingsth、忙于做某事(in)this/thatway以這種/那種方法stop/preventsb、(from)doingsth、阻止某人做某事spend…(in)doingsth、在做某事上花費(fèi)……h(huán)avetrouble(in)doingsth、在做某事中遇到麻煩helpsb、(to)dosth、幫助某人做某事近年河北省中考介詞真題1、(xx)Thisfoodisfree、Youdon’thaveto______it、A、lookforB、payforC、askforD、waitfor2、(xx)Yousee,Keviniswriting______hislefthand、A、atB、asC、forD、with3、(xx)______age7,Brucewonsecondprizeinthepianocompetition、A、InB、AtC、OnD、For4、(xx)Wecanbethankfuleveryday,notjust______ThanksgivingDay、A、inB、onC、toD、by5、(xx)Thisschoolisdifferent______others、Ithasmanyout-of-classactivities、A、offB、fromC、ofD、for6、(xx邯鄲一模)Jessicatookpa