新視野大學英語課件第三冊課件unit4Five Famous Symbols of American Culture

FiveFamousSymbolsofAmericanCulture

Unit3Stage1:Warming-upActivities

Stage2:Reading-CentredActivities

Stage3:VocabularyExercises

Stage4:TranslatingandWritingWarming-upActivitiesQuestionsforthoughtanddiscussionBackgroundinformation

EnrichingyourvocabularyComparingthefollowingwordsQuestionsforthoughtanddiscussion

Listentoashortpassagecarefullyandthenanswerthefollowingquestionsonpage92withyourownexperiences.

BackgroundinformationtheStatueofLibertyBarbiedollsMattelToyCompanyAmericanGothicBuffalonickelJamesEarleFraserNewYorkCity'sCentralParkUncleSamTheideaofcreatingtheStatueofLibertybeganinFranceatadinnerpartyhostedbyEdouardReneLefebvreLaboulaye,ascholar.LaboulayeandFrédéric-AugusteBartholdi,asculptor,begantodiscusstheideaofpresentingtheUnitedStateswithamonumenttomemorializeindependenceandhumanliberty.

BartholdisailedfromFrancetoNewYorkonJune8,1871,toproposethebuildingofthestatuetohonorthefriendshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStates.AstheshippulledintoNewYorkHarbor,Bartholdispottedtheperfectlocation,LibertyIsland.

DuringhistriptotheUnitedStates,hemetwithUSPresidentUlyssesS.Grant;HenryWadsworthLongfellow,anAmericanpoet;HoraceGreeley,aNewYorkeditorandpolitician;andothers.BartholditraveledacrosstheUnitedStatescarryingasketchofthestatueandasmallmodel.Everyonewasreceptive,butfinancialbackingwasdifficulttofind.Itwasthelate1950swhenRuthHandlernoticedherdaughterplayingwithpaperdollsandimaginingthemingrown-uproles.Sincemostdollsatthetimewerebabydolls,Ruthenvisionedonethatwouldinspirelittlegirlstothinkaboutwhattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.RuthcreatedateenagefashionmodeldollnamedBarbie(afterherdaughter),andtherestishistory.

Barbiehasbeenanintegralpartofthelivesofmillionsofyounggirls.Hertimelessappealhasresultedinadedicatedlegionoffansthatlovetocollecther.

Mattelistheworldwideleaderinthedesign,manufacture,andmarketingoftoyproducts.Thecompany'scorebrandsincludeBarbie,HotWheels,Matchbox,Fisher-Price,andAmericanGirl.WithheadquartersinElSegundo,California,Mattelhasofficesandfacilitiesin36countriesandsellsitsproductsinmorethan150nationsthroughouttheworld.

GrantWoodcametoEldoninthelate1920'swithfellowartistandEldonnative,JohnSharp.Hewasinspiredbythecontrastofthemodestlittleone-and-one-half-storyframehousewithits(ashedescribedit)“pretentious”Gothicstylewindows.Thereisoneineachgableend.Hesketchedthehouseonthebackofanenvelopeanduseditasthebackdropinhisworld-renowned1930'spaintingAmericanGothic.Hissister,Nan,andhisdentist,Dr.B.H.McKeeby,posedasthesour-facedcouple.Woodintendedthecoupletorepresentatypicalsmalltownresidentandhisdaughter,butmostinterpretthemasmanandwife.Sincecompletion,GrantWood's1930paintingAmericanGothichasbecomeacriticallyacclaimedworkthatcontinuestoenjoyenormouspopularity.ItalsohasbecomeanAmericaniconandisthemodelforacountlessnumberofcommercialartparodies,suchasposters,cards,andsouvenirs.ThepaintinghangsintheArtInstituteofChicago.

In1911sculptorJamesEarlFraserbegandesigningthe“Buffalo”nickel.Frasersaidtheportraitonthe“head's”sidewasacompositeofthreeAmericanIndians—IronTail,BigTreeandTwoMoons.FraserhadtheopportunitytostudyandphotographthemwhentheystoppedoffinNewYorkontheirwaytoWashingtontovisitPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt.Byborrowingfeaturesfromeachindividual,Fraserwasabletosketchthe“ideal”portraitforthenickel.

PresidentWilliamHowardTaftapprovedtheartwork,andthefirst“Buffalo”nickelswereproducedinFebruaryof1913.TwoMoonsdiedin1917,andIronTailandBigTreeinthe1920s.Inthe1960s,asecondBigTreeappearedatcoinshowsandclaimedtobetheNativeAmericanonthenickel.Althoughheclaimedtohavecelebratedhis100thbirthdayin1962,laterrecordsindicatedhewasactuallyonly87.

FraserwasborninMinnesotain1876,butgrewuponaranchinSouthDakota.Hisfirstartinstructorwasatownwhittler.Later,FraserstudiedartinChicagoandParisandestablishedastudioinWestport,Connecticut.Hewasonly17whenhecompletedthefirstmodelingof“TheEndoftheTrail”.ThestatueportraysawearynativeAmericanridinganequallyforlornhorse.AtanexhibitioninParisin1898,“TheEndoftheTrail”wona$1,000cashprize.Despitethepressureofotherprojects,Fraserworkedon“TheEndoftheTrail”offandonthroughouthiscareer.TodayalargeversionofthestatueisintheCowboyHallofFameandWesternHistoryCenterinOklahomaCity,whichalsohasFraser'ssketchesforthe“tail's”sideoftheBuffalonickel.

WhentheBuffalonickelfinallymadeitsdebutin1913,acoincollector'smagazinehaileditasatrueworkofart,powerfullymodelled.Manycriticsagreed,andin1951theAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetterspresentedFraserwithagoldmedalhonoringalifetimeofdistinguishedachievement.OnOctober11,1953,JamesEarleFraserdied.

CentralParkwasthefirstlandscapedpublicparkintheUnitedStates.Advocatesofcreatingthepark—primarilywealthymerchantsandlandowners—admiredthepublicgroundsofLondonandParisandurgedthatNewYorkneededacomparablefacilitytoestablishitsinternationalreputation.Apublicpark,theyargued,wouldoffertheirownfamiliesanattractivesettingforcarriageridesandprovideworking-classNewYorkerswithahealthyalternativetothesaloon.Afterthreeyearsofdebateovertheparksiteandcost,in1853thestatelegislatureauthorizedtheCityofNewYorktousethepowerofeminentdomaintoacquiremorethan700acresoflandinthecenterofManhattan.

NewYorkCity'sCentralParkZooispartoftheCentralParkestablishment.Historiansaren'tcompletelycertainhowthecharacter“UncleSam”wascreated,orwho(ifanyone)hewasnamedafter.

TheprevailingtheoryisthatUncleSamwasnamedafterSamuelWilson.WilsonwasborninArlington,Mass.,onSeptember13,1766.HischildhoodhomewasinMason,NewHampshire.In1789,heandhisbrotherEbenezerwalkedtoTroy,NewYork.

DuringtheWarof1812,Wilsonwasinthebusinessofslaughteringandpackingmeat.HeprovidedlargeshipmentsofmeattotheUSArmy,inbarrelsthatwerestampedwiththeinitials“US”.Supposedly,someonewhosawthe“US”stampsuggested—perhapsasajoke—thattheinitialsstoodfor“UncleSam”Wilson.Thesuggestionthatthemeatshipmentscamefrom“UncleSam”ledtotheideathatUncleSamsymbolizedthefederalgovernment.

SamuelWilsondiedin1854.HisgraveisintheOakwoodCemeteryinTroy.

ThesinglemostfamousportraitofUncleSamisthe“IWANTYOU”ArmyrecruitingposterfromWorldWarI.TheposterwaspaintedbyJamesMontgomeryFlaggin1916-1917.Enrichingyourvocabulary

Readthesentencescarefullyandguessthemeaningoftheitalicizedtermineachsentenceaccordingtothecontextandyourownexperiences.

Theyplannedtoputupastatue

forthePresident.Theygivetheirchildrenagreatdealofliberty.

Hegrantedtheboylibertytogoout.Excusemyliberties.雕像

freedomtherightorpermissiontodoorusesth.無禮，冒昧行為

Theobjectofhisnovelwritingistoamuseandenlightenthegeneralreaders.Inthesquareinfrontofthehotelstandsamonumenttoallthepeoplekilledinthewar.Thestudentstriedtoformanalliancebetweenthemselvesandtheworkers.Idon'tapproveofsmokinginpublicplaces.啟發(fā)，開導

紀念碑

聯(lián)盟

贊成

Wehadtowaitmonthsforthegovernmenttoapproveourplanstoextendourhouse.Hiskindnessincreasedthechild'saffectionforhim.Someboysliketoassemblemodelairplanes.Whenthefirealarmrangweassembledoutsidetheemergencyexit.批準，同意

愛

組裝

聚集

TherunnercarriedtheOlympictorchintothecheeringstadium.Hetookthetorchanddisappearedintothedark.Wesailedintoabeautifulandsilentbay.Thethreatofattackhasbeengreatlyexaggerated.火炬

手電筒

海灣

夸張

Ababysucksmilkfromhismother'sbreast.Theknifeenteredhisbreast.Twodifferentversionsof"GonewiththeWind"arenowbeingmadeinHollywood.Theofficialversionoftheeventisthatthepolicewereattackedandwerejusttryingtodefendthemselves.乳房

胸膛

版本；型號

敘述，說法

CharlieChaplinisanactorofuniversalliking.Thismachinehasauniversaluseinthehome.Thelawofgravityisuniversal.Hisfameasapoetdidnotcomeuntilafterhisdeath.一致的，普遍的

通用的，廣泛的，萬能的

宇宙的，全世界的

名聲

Whatinterpretationwouldyouputonthesefacts?Interpretationisoftenasimportantasthetextitself.Theburialserviceisperformedwithsolemnandmournfulmusic.Helookedgraveashetoldthemabouttheaccident.解釋

（表演、演奏的）藝術處理

莊嚴

嚴肅

Hevisitshismother'sgraveeverySundayandlaysfreshflowersonit.Westretchedtheropetight.You'restretchingmypatiencetothelimit.Onthehorizon,ahugecloudofdensesmokefromtheburningoilwellstretchedacrossthesky.墳墓拉

使盡全力，到（超過）...的極限

擴展，延伸，延續(xù)

Thesecandiesareanickeleach.Thepilotstoppedatragedywhenhesucceededinpreventingtheplanefromcrashing.Shakespearewrotehistoriesandtragedies.Followingthesettlementofthestrike,thetrainserviceisnowbacktonormal.糖果

悲劇，慘案，不幸的事件

悲劇

解決；協(xié)議

Heavyfightingtookplacelastnightatthefrontier.Manyscientistsenjoytheexcitementofworkingatthefrontiersofknowledge.Theprisonerswereherdedontothetrain.Hornsareveryusefulweaponsforsomeanimals.邊境，邊界

前沿，新領域

趕

角

Acarpassedhimattopspeed,soundingitshorn.Wemusttryourbesttoliberateourpeoplefrompoverty.Theymighttrytotakelegalactionagainstyouifyoubreakthecontract.We'vecontrac