全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第二版)綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯Until1-6

unit1Mr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLifeMr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLifeJimDoherty1TherearetwothingsIhavealwayswantedtodo--writeandliveonafarm.TodayI'mdoingboth.IamnotinE.B.White'sclassasawriterorinmyneighbors'leagueasafarmer,butI'mgettingby.Andafteryearsoffrustrationwithcityandsuburbanliving,mywifeSandyandIhavefinallyfoundcontentmenthereinthecountry.多爾蒂先生創(chuàng)建自己的理想生活吉姆·多爾蒂有兩件事是我一直想做的――寫(xiě)作與務(wù)農(nóng)。如今我同時(shí)做著這兩件事。作為作家，我和E·B·懷特不屬同一等級(jí)，作為農(nóng)場(chǎng)主，我和鄉(xiāng)鄰也不是同一類(lèi)人，不過(guò)我應(yīng)付得還行。在城市以及郊區(qū)歷經(jīng)多年的悵惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪終于在這里的鄉(xiāng)村尋覓到心靈的滿(mǎn)足。2It'saself-reliantsortoflife.Wegrownearlyallofourfruitsandvegetables.Ourhenskeepusineggs,withseveraldozenleftovertoselleachweek.Ourbeesprovideuswithhoney,andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.這是一種自力更生的生活。我們食用的果蔬幾乎都是自己種的。自家飼養(yǎng)的雞提供雞蛋，每星期還能剩余幾十個(gè)出售。自家養(yǎng)殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我們還自己動(dòng)手砍柴，足可供過(guò)冬取暖之用。3It'sasatisfyinglifetoo.Inthesummerwecanoeontheriver,gopicnickinginthewoodsandtakelongbicyclerides.Inthewinterweskiandskate.Wegetexcitedaboutsunsets.Welovethesmelloftheearthwarmingandthesoundofcattlelowing.Wewatchforhawksintheskyanddeerinthecornfields.這也是一種令人滿(mǎn)足的生活。夏日里我們?cè)诤由鲜幹?，在林子里野餐，騎著自行車(chē)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間漫游。冬日里我們滑雪溜冰。我們?yōu)槁淙盏挠噍x而激動(dòng)。我們愛(ài)聞大地回暖的氣息，愛(ài)聽(tīng)牛群哞叫。我們守著看鷹兒飛過(guò)上空，看玉米田間鹿群嬉躍。4Butthegoodlifecangetprettytough.Threemonthsagowhenitwas30below,wespenttwomiserabledayshaulingfirewooduptheriveronasled.Threemonthsfromnow,itwillbe95aboveandwewillbecultivatingcorn,weedingstrawberriesandkillingchickens.Recently,SandyandIhadtoretilethebackroof.SoonJim,16andEmily,13,theyoungestofourfourchildren,willhelpmemakesomelong-overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside.Laterthismonth,we'llspraytheorchard,paintthebarn,plantthegardenandcleanthehenhousebeforethenewchicksarrive.但如此美妙的生活有時(shí)會(huì)變得相當(dāng)艱苦。就在三個(gè)月前，氣溫降到華氏零下30度，我們辛苦勞作了整整兩天，用一個(gè)雪橇沿著河邊拖運(yùn)木柴。再過(guò)三個(gè)月，氣溫會(huì)升到95度，我們就要給玉米松土，在草莓地除草，還要宰殺家禽。前一陣子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋頂。過(guò)些時(shí)候，四個(gè)孩子中的兩個(gè)小的，16歲的吉米和13歲的埃米莉，會(huì)幫著我一起把拖了很久沒(méi)修的室外廁所修葺一下，那是專(zhuān)為室外干活修建的。這個(gè)月晚些時(shí)候，我們要給果樹(shù)噴灑藥水，要油漆谷倉(cāng)，要給菜園播種，要趕在新的小雞運(yùn)到之前清掃雞舍。5Inbetweensuchchores,Imanagetospend50to60hoursaweekatthetypewriterordoingreportingforthefreelancearticlesIselltomagazinesandnewspapers.Sandy,meanwhile,pursuesherowndemandingschedule.Besidestheusualhouseholdroutine,sheoverseesthegardenandbeehives,bakesbread,cansandfreezes,drivesthekidstotheirmusiclessons,practiceswiththem,takesorganlessonsonherown,doesresearchandtypingforme,writesanarticleherselfnowandthen,tendstheflowerbeds,stacksalittlewoodanddeliverstheeggs.Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis--andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither.在這些活計(jì)之間，我每周要抽空花五、六十個(gè)小時(shí)，不是打字撰文，就是為作為自由撰稿人投給報(bào)刊的文章進(jìn)行采訪(fǎng)。桑迪則有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家務(wù)，她還照管菜園和蜂房，烘烤面包，將食品裝罐、冷藏，開(kāi)車(chē)送孩子學(xué)音樂(lè)，和他們一起練習(xí)，自己還要上風(fēng)琴課，為我做些研究工作并打字，自己有時(shí)也寫(xiě)寫(xiě)文章，還要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、運(yùn)送雞蛋。正如老話(huà)說(shuō)的那樣，在這種情形之下，壞人不得閑――賢德之人也歇不了。6Noneofuswilleverforgetourfirstwinter.WewereburiedunderfivefeetofsnowfromDecemberthroughMarch.Whileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn,wekeptwarminsideburningourownwood,eatingourownapplesandlovingeveryminuteofit.我們誰(shuí)也不會(huì)忘記第一年的冬天。從12月一直到3月底，我們都被深達(dá)5英尺的積雪困著。暴風(fēng)雪肆虐，一場(chǎng)接著一場(chǎng)，積雪厚厚地覆蓋著屋子和谷倉(cāng)，而室內(nèi)，我們用自己砍伐的木柴燒火取暖，吃著自家種植的蘋(píng)果，溫馨快樂(lè)每一分鐘。7Whenspringcame,itbroughttwofloods.Firsttheriveroverflowed,coveringmuchofourlandforweeks.Thenthegrowingseasonbegan,swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce.Ourfreezerfilledupwithcherries,raspberries,strawberries,asparagus,peas,beansandcorn.Thenourcanned-goodsshelvesandcupboardsbegantogrowwithpreserves,tomatojuice,grapejuice,plums,jamsandjellies.Eventually,thebasementfloordisappearedunderpilesofpotatoes,squashandpumpkins,andthebarnbegantofillwithapplesandpears.Itwasamazing.開(kāi)春后，有過(guò)兩次泛濫。一次是河水外溢，我們不少田地被淹了幾個(gè)星期。接著一次是生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)到了，一波又一波的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品潮涌而來(lái)，弄得我們應(yīng)接不暇。我們的冰箱里塞滿(mǎn)了櫻桃、藍(lán)莓、草莓、蘆筍、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接著我們存放食品罐的架子上、柜櫥里也開(kāi)始堆滿(mǎn)一罐罐的腌漬食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果醬和果凍。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、西葫蘆、南瓜，谷倉(cāng)里也儲(chǔ)滿(mǎn)了蘋(píng)果和梨。真是太美妙了。8Thenextyearwegrewevenmorefoodandmanagedtogetthroughthewinteronfirewoodthatwasmostlyfromourowntreesandonly100gallonsofheatingoil.AtthatpointIbeganthinkingseriouslyaboutquittingmyjobandstartingtofreelance.Thetimingwasterrible.Bythen,ShawnandAmy,ouroldestgirlswereattendingexpensiveIvyLeagueschoolsandwehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank.Yetwekeptcomingbacktothesamequestion:Willthereeverbeabettertime?Theanswer,decidedly,wasno,andso--withmyemployer'sblessingsandhalfayear'spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket--offIwent.第二年我們種了更多的作物，差不多就靠著從自家樹(shù)林砍斫的木柴以及僅僅100加侖的燃油過(guò)了冬。其時(shí)，我開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮起辭了職去從事自由撰稿的事來(lái)。時(shí)機(jī)選得實(shí)在太差。當(dāng)時(shí)，兩個(gè)大的女兒肖恩和埃米正在費(fèi)用很高的常春藤學(xué)校上學(xué)，而我們只有幾千美金的銀行存款。但我們一再回到一個(gè)老問(wèn)題上來(lái)：真的會(huì)有更好的時(shí)機(jī)嗎？答案無(wú)疑是否定的。于是，帶著老板的祝福，口袋里揣著作為累積津貼的半年薪水，我走了。9Therehavebeenafewanxiousmomentssincethen,butonbalancethingshavegonemuchbetterthanwehadanyrighttoexpect.Forvariousstoriesofmine,I'vecrawledintoblack-beardensforSportsIllustrated,hitchedupdogsledracingteamsforSmithsonianmagazine,checkedouttheLakeChamplain"monster"forScienceDigest,andcanoedthroughtheBoundaryWaterswildernessareaofMinnesotaforDestinations.那以后有過(guò)一些焦慮的時(shí)刻，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，情況比我們料想的要好得多。為了寫(xiě)那些內(nèi)容各不相同的文章，我為《體育畫(huà)報(bào)》爬進(jìn)過(guò)黑熊窩；為《史密森期刊》替參賽的一組組狗套上過(guò)雪橇；為《科學(xué)文摘》調(diào)查過(guò)尚普蘭湖水怪的真相；為《終點(diǎn)》雜志在明尼蘇達(dá)劃著小舟穿越美、加邊界水域內(nèi)的公共荒野保護(hù)區(qū)。10I'mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,butnowwedon'tneedasmucheither.Igenerateenoughincometohandleour$600-a-monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours.Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstocarrepairsandcollegecosts.Whenitcomestoinsurance,wehaveapoorman'smajor-medicalpolicy.Wehavetopaythefirst$500ofanymedicalfeesforeachmemberofthefamily.Itpicksup80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses,ourpremiumislow--only$560ayear--andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe.Asidefromthatandthepolicyonourtwocarsat$400ayear,wehavenootherinsurance.Butwearesettingaside$2,000ayearinanIRA.我掙的錢(qián)遠(yuǎn)比不上擔(dān)任全職工作時(shí)的收入，可如今我們需要的錢(qián)也沒(méi)有過(guò)去多。我掙的錢(qián)足以應(yīng)付每月600美金的房屋貸款按揭以及一家人的日常開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。那些開(kāi)銷(xiāo)包括了所有支出，如音樂(lè)課學(xué)費(fèi)、牙醫(yī)賬單、汽車(chē)維修以及大學(xué)費(fèi)用等等。至于保險(xiǎn)，我們買(mǎi)了一份低收入者的主要醫(yī)療項(xiàng)目保險(xiǎn)。我們需要為每一位家庭成員的任何一項(xiàng)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支付最初的500美金。醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)則支付超出部分的80％。雖然我們?nèi)砸Ц缎〔糠轴t(yī)療費(fèi)用，但我們的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)也低--每年只要560美金--而我們給自己生大病保了險(xiǎn)。除了這一保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目，以及兩輛汽車(chē)每年400美金的保險(xiǎn)，我們就沒(méi)有其他保險(xiǎn)了。不過(guò)我們每年留出2021美元入個(gè)人退休金賬戶(hù)。11We'vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomebycuttingbackwithoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving.Wecontinuetodineoutonceortwiceamonth,butnowwepatronizelocalrestaurantsinsteadofmoreexpensiveplacesinthecity.WestillattendtheoperaandballetinMilwaukeebutonlyafewtimesayear.Weeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments...我們通過(guò)節(jié)約開(kāi)支而又不明顯降低生活水準(zhǔn)的方式來(lái)彌補(bǔ)收入差額。我們每個(gè)月仍出去吃一兩次飯，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在我們光顧的是當(dāng)?shù)夭宛^，而不是城里的高級(jí)飯店。我們?nèi)匀ッ軤栁只?tīng)歌劇看芭蕾演出，不過(guò)一年才幾次。我們?nèi)獬缘蒙倭?，酒喝得便宜了，電影看得少了。鋪張的圣誕節(jié)成為一種回憶，我們把完成稿約作為度假的一部分……12Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.Oneisatoleranceforsolitude.Becausewearesobusyandonsuchatightbudget,wedon'tentertainmuch.Duringthegrowingseasonthereisnotimeforsocializinganyway.JimandEmilyareinvolvedinschoolactivities,buttheytoospendmostoftheirtimeathome.我想，不是所有熱愛(ài)鄉(xiāng)村的人都會(huì)樂(lè)意過(guò)我們這種生活的。這種生活需要一些特殊的素質(zhì)。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我們?nèi)绱嗣β?，手頭又緊，我們很少請(qǐng)客。在作物生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)，根本就沒(méi)工夫參加社交活動(dòng)。吉米和埃米莉雖然參加學(xué)校的各種活動(dòng)，但他倆大多數(shù)時(shí)間也呆在家里。13Theotherrequirementisenergy--alotofit.Thewaytomakeself-sufficiencyworkonasmallscaleistoresistthetemptationtobuyatractorandotherexpensivelaborsavingdevices.Instead,youdotheworkyourself.Theonlymachineryweown(notcountingthelawnmower)isalittlethree-horsepowerrotarycultivatoranda16-inchchainsaw.另一項(xiàng)要求是體力――相當(dāng)大的體力。小范圍里實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足的途徑是抵制誘惑，不去購(gòu)置拖拉機(jī)和其他昂貴的節(jié)省勞力的機(jī)械。相反，你要自己動(dòng)手。我們僅有的機(jī)器（不包括割草機(jī)）是一臺(tái)3馬力的小型旋轉(zhuǎn)式耕耘機(jī)以及一架16英寸的鏈鋸。14Howmuchlongerwe'llhaveenoughenergytostayonhereisanybody'sguess--perhapsforquiteawhile,perhapsnot.Whenthetimecomes,we'llleavewithafeelingofsorrowbutalsowithasenseofprideatwhatwe'vebeenabletoaccomplish.Weshouldmakeafairprofitonthesaleoftheplace,too.We'veinvestedabout$35,000ofourownmoneyinit,andwecouldjustaboutdoublethatifwesoldtoday.Butthisisnotagoodtimetosell.Onceeconomicconditionsimprove,however,demandforfarmslikeoursshouldbestrongagain.沒(méi)人知道我們還能有精力在這里再呆多久--也許呆很長(zhǎng)一陣子，也許不是。到走的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)愴然離去，但也會(huì)為自己所做的一切深感自豪。我們把農(nóng)場(chǎng)出售也會(huì)賺相當(dāng)大一筆錢(qián)。我們自己在農(nóng)場(chǎng)投入了約35，000美金的資金，要是現(xiàn)在售出的話(huà)價(jià)格差不多可以翻一倍。不過(guò)現(xiàn)在不是出售的好時(shí)機(jī)。但是一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)，對(duì)我們這種農(nóng)場(chǎng)的需求又會(huì)增多。15Wedidn'tmovehereprimarilytoearnmoneythough.Wecamebecausewewantedtoimprovethequalityofourlives.WhenIwatchEmilycollectingeggsintheevening,fishingwithJimontheriverorenjoyinganold-fashionedpicnicintheorchardwiththeentirefamily,Iknowwe'vefoundjustwhatwewerelookingfor.但我們主要不是為了賺錢(qián)而移居至此的。我們來(lái)此居住是因?yàn)橄胩岣呱钯|(zhì)量。當(dāng)我看著埃米莉傍晚去收雞蛋，跟吉米一起在河上釣魚(yú)，或和全家人一起在果園里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我們找到了自己一直在尋求的生活方式。unit2TheFreedomGiversTheFreedomGiversFergusM.Bordewich1AgentlebreezeswepttheCanadianplainsasIsteppedoutsidethesmalltwo-storyhouse.Alongsidemewasaslenderwomaninablackdress,myguidebacktoatimewhenthesurroundingsettlementinDresden,給人以自由者弗格斯·M·博得威奇我步出這幢兩層小屋，加拿大平原上輕風(fēng)微拂。我身邊是一位苗條的黑衣女子，把我?guī)Щ氐竭^(guò)去的向?qū)?。那時(shí)，安大略省得雷斯頓這一帶住著美國(guó)歷史上的一位英雄。我們前往一座普普通通的灰色教堂，芭芭拉·卡特自豪地談?wù)撝涓咦鎲藤悂啞ず嗌?。“他?jiān)信上帝要所有人生來(lái)平等。他從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止過(guò)爭(zhēng)取這一自由權(quán)利的奮斗?！?Carter'sdevotiontoherancestorisaboutmorethanpersonalpride:itisaboutfamilyhonor.ForJosiahHensonhaslivedonthroughthecharacterinAmericanfictionthathehelpedinspire:UncleTom,thelong-sufferingslaveinHarrietBeecherStowe'sUncleTom'sCabin.Ironically,thatcharacterhascometosymbolizeeverythingHensonwasnot.Aracialselloutunwillingtostandupforhimself?Cartergetsangryatthethought."JosiahHensonwasamanofprinciple,"shesaidfirmly.卡特對(duì)其先輩的忠誠(chéng)不僅僅關(guān)乎一己之驕傲，而關(guān)乎家族榮譽(yù)。因?yàn)閱藤悂啞ず嗌两袢詾槿怂怯捎谒ぐl(fā)的創(chuàng)作靈感使得一個(gè)美國(guó)小說(shuō)人物問(wèn)世：湯姆叔叔，哈麗特·比徹·斯陀的小說(shuō)《湯姆叔叔的小屋》中那個(gè)逆來(lái)順受的黑奴。具有諷刺意味的是，這一人物所象征的一切在亨森身上一點(diǎn)都找不到。一個(gè)不愿奮起力爭(zhēng)、背叛種族的黑人？卡特對(duì)此頗為憤慨?！皢藤悂啞ず嗌莻€(gè)有原則的人，”她肯定地說(shuō)。3IhadtraveledheretoHenson'slasthome--nowahistoricsitethatCarterformerlydirected--tolearnmoreaboutamanwhowas,inmanyways,anAfrican-AmericanMoses.Afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,HensonsecretlyhelpedhundredsofotherslavestoescapenorthtoCanada--andliberty.ManysettledhereinDresdenwithhim.我遠(yuǎn)道前來(lái)亨森最后的居所――如今已成為卡特曾管理過(guò)的一處歷史遺跡――是為了更多地了解此人，他在許多方面堪稱(chēng)黑人摩西。亨森自己擺脫了黑奴身份獲得自由之后，便秘密幫助其他許多黑奴逃奔北方去加拿大――逃奔自由之地。許多人和他一起在得雷斯頓這一帶定居了下來(lái)。4Yetthisstopwasonlypartofamuchlargermissionforme.JosiahHensonisbutonenameonalonglistofcourageousmenandwomenwhotogetherforgedtheUndergroundRailroad,asecretwebofescaperoutesandsafehousesthattheyusedtoliberateslavesfromtheAmericanSouth.Between1820and1860,asmanyas100,000slavestraveledtheRailroadtofreedom.但此地只是我所承擔(dān)的繁重使命的一處停留地。喬賽亞·亨森只是一長(zhǎng)串無(wú)所畏懼的男女名單中的一個(gè)名字，這些人共同創(chuàng)建了這條“地下鐵路”，一條由逃亡線(xiàn)路和可靠的人家組成的用以解放美國(guó)南方黑奴的秘密網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在1820年至1860年期間，多達(dá)十萬(wàn)名黑奴經(jīng)由此路走向自由。5InOctober2021,PresidentClintonauthorized$16millionfortheNationalUndergroundRailroadFreedomCentertohonorthisfirstgreatcivil-rightsstruggleintheU.S.Thecenterisscheduledtoopenin2021inCincinnati.Andit'sabouttime.FortheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroadremaintoolittleremembered,theirexploitsstilllargelyunsung.Iwasintentontellingtheirstories.2021年10月，克林頓總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)撥款16006JohnParkertensedwhenheheardthesoftknock.Peeringouthisdoorintothenight,herecognizedthefaceofatrustedneighbor."There'sapartyofescapedslaveshidinginthewoodsinKentucky,twentymilesfromtheriver,"themanwhisperedurgently.Parkerdidn'thesitate."I'llgo,"hesaid,pushingapairofpistolsintohispockets.聽(tīng)到輕輕的敲門(mén)聲，約翰·帕克神情緊張起來(lái)。他開(kāi)門(mén)窺望，夜色中認(rèn)出是一位可靠的鄰居?！坝幸蝗禾油雠`躲在肯塔基州的樹(shù)林里，就在離河20英里的地方，”那人用急迫的口氣低語(yǔ)道。帕克沒(méi)一點(diǎn)兒遲疑?！拔揖腿ィ彼f(shuō)著，把兩支手槍揣進(jìn)口袋。7Bornaslavetwodecadesbefore,inthe1820s,ParkerhadbeentakenfromhismotheratageeightandforcedtowalkinchainsfromVirginiatoAlabama,wherehewassoldontheslavemarket.Determinedtolivefreesomeday,hemanagedtogettrainedinironmolding.Eventuallyhesavedenoughmoneyworkingatthistradeonthesidetobuyhisfreedom.Now,byday,ParkerworkedinanironfoundryintheOhioportofRipley.Bynighthewasa"conductor"ontheUndergroundRailroad,helpingpeopleslipbytheslavehunters.In20年前，即19世紀(jì)20年代，生來(lái)即為黑奴的帕克才8歲就被從母親身邊帶走，被迫拖著鐐銬從弗吉尼亞走到阿拉巴馬，在那里的黑奴市場(chǎng)被買(mǎi)走。他打定主意有朝一日要過(guò)自由的生活，便設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)了鑄鐵這門(mén)手藝。后來(lái)他終于靠這門(mén)手藝攢夠錢(qián)贖回了自由?，F(xiàn)在，帕克白天在俄亥俄州里普利港的一家鑄鐵廠(chǎng)干活。到了晚上，他就成了地下鐵路的一位“乘務(wù)員”，幫助人們避開(kāi)追捕逃亡黑奴的人。在他正前往的肯塔基州，當(dāng)局懸賞1000美元抓他，活人死尸都要。8CrossingtheOhioRiveronthatchillynight,Parkerfoundtenfugitivesfrozenwithfear."Getyourbundlesandfollowme,"hetoldthem,leadingtheeightmenandtwowomentowardtheriver.Theyhadalmostreachedshorewhenawatchmanspottedthemandracedofftospreadthenews.在那個(gè)陰冷的夜晚，帕克渡過(guò)俄亥俄河，找到了十個(gè)喪魂落魄的逃亡者?！澳煤冒易?，”他一邊吩咐他們，一邊帶著這八男二女朝河邊走去。就要到岸時(shí)，一個(gè)巡夜人發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們，急忙跑開(kāi)去報(bào)告。9Parkersawasmallboatand,withashout,pushedtheescapingslavesintoit.Therewasroomforallbuttwo.Astheboatslidacrosstheriver,Parkerwatchedhelplesslyasthepursuersclosedinaroundthemenhewasforcedtoleavebehind.帕克看見(jiàn)一條小船，便大喝一聲，把那些逃亡黑奴推上了船。大家都上了船，但有兩個(gè)人容不下。小船徐徐駛向?qū)Π?，帕克眼睜睜地看著追捕者把他被迫留下的兩個(gè)男人圍住。10TheothersmadeittotheOhioshore,whereParkerhurriedlyarrangedforawagontotakethemtothenext"station"ontheUndergroundRailroad--thefirstlegoftheirjourneytosafetyinCanada.Overthecourseofhislife,JohnParkerguidedmorethan400slavestosafety.其他的人都上了岸，帕克急忙安排了一輛車(chē)把他們帶到地下鐵路的下一“站”――他們走向安全的加拿大之旅的第一程。約翰·帕克在有生之年一共帶領(lǐng)400多名黑奴走向安全之地。11Whileblackconductorswereoftenmotivatedbytheirownpainfulexperiences,whiteswerecommonlydrivenbyreligiousconvictions.LeviCoffin,aQuakerraisedinNorthCarolina,explained,"TheBible,inbiddingustofeedthehungryandclothethenaked,saidnothingaboutcolor."黑人去當(dāng)乘務(wù)員常常是由于本人痛苦的經(jīng)歷，而那些白人則往往是受了宗教信仰的感召。在北卡羅來(lái)納州長(zhǎng)大的貴格會(huì)教徒利瓦伊·科芬解釋說(shuō)：“《圣經(jīng)》上只是要我們給饑者以食物，無(wú)衣者以衣衫，但沒(méi)提到過(guò)膚色的事?！?2Inthe1820sCoffinmovedwesttoNewport(nowFountain在19世紀(jì)20年代，科芬向西遷移前往印第安納州的新港（即今天的噴泉市），在那里開(kāi)了一家小店。人們傳說(shuō)，逃亡黑奴在科芬家總是能得到庇護(hù)。有時(shí)他一次庇護(hù)的逃亡者就多達(dá)17人，他還備有一組人員和車(chē)輛把他們送往下一段行程。到后來(lái)有三條主要路線(xiàn)在科芬家匯合，科芬家成了地下鐵路的中央車(chē)站。13Forhisefforts,Coffinreceivedfrequentdeaththreatsandwarningsthathisstoreandhomewouldbeburned.Nearlyeveryconductorfacedsimilarrisks--orworse.IntheNorth,amagistratemighthaveimposedafineorabriefjailsentenceforaidingthoseescaping.IntheSouthernstates,whitesweresentencedtomonthsorevenyearsinjail.OnecourageousMethodistminister,CalvinFairbank,wasimprisonedformorethan17yearsinKentucky,wherehekeptalogofhisbeatings:35,105stripeswiththewhip.科芬經(jīng)常由于他做的工作受到被殺的威脅，收到焚毀他店鋪和住宅的警告。幾乎每一個(gè)乘務(wù)員都面臨類(lèi)似的危險(xiǎn)――或者更為嚴(yán)重。在北方，治安官會(huì)對(duì)幫助逃亡的人課以罰金，或判以短期監(jiān)禁。在南方各州，白人則被判處幾個(gè)月甚至幾年的監(jiān)禁。一位勇敢的循道宗牧師卡爾文·費(fèi)爾班克在肯塔基州被關(guān)押了17年多，他記錄了自己遭受毒打的情況：總共被鞭笞了35,105下。14Asfortheslaves,escapemeantajourneyofhundredsofmilesthroughunknowncountry,wheretheywereusuallyeasytorecognize.Withnoroadsignsandfewmaps,theyhadtoputtheirtrustindirectionspassedbywordofmouthandinsecretsigns--nailsdrivenintotrees,forexample--thatconductorsusedtomarktheroutenorth.至于那些黑奴，逃亡意味著數(shù)百英里的長(zhǎng)途跋涉，意味著穿越自己極易被人辨認(rèn)的陌生地域。沒(méi)有路標(biāo)，也幾乎沒(méi)有線(xiàn)路圖，他們趕路全憑著口口相告的路線(xiàn)以及秘密記號(hào)――比如樹(shù)上釘著的釘子――是乘務(wù)員用來(lái)標(biāo)示北上路線(xiàn)的記號(hào)。15Manyslavestraveledundercoverofnight,theirfacessometimescakedwithwhitepowder.Quakersoftendressedtheir"passengers,"bothmaleandfemale,ingraydresses,deepbonnetsandfullveils.Ononeoccasion,LeviCoffinwastransportingsomanyrunawayslavesthathedisguisedthemasafuneralprocession.許多黑奴在夜色掩護(hù)下趕路，有時(shí)臉上涂著厚厚的白粉。貴格會(huì)教徒經(jīng)常讓他們的“乘客”不分男女穿上灰衣服，戴上深沿帽，披著把頭部完全遮蓋住的面紗。有一次，利瓦伊·科芬運(yùn)送的逃亡黑奴實(shí)在太多，他就把他們裝扮成出殯隊(duì)伍。16Canadawastheprimarydestinationformanyfugitives.Slaveryhadbeenabolishedtherein1833,andCanadianauthoritiesencouragedtherunawaystosettletheirvastvirginland.AmongthemwasJosiahHenson.加拿大是許多逃亡者的首選終點(diǎn)站。那兒1833年就廢除了奴隸制，加拿大當(dāng)局鼓勵(lì)逃亡奴隸在其廣闊的未經(jīng)開(kāi)墾的土地上定居。其中就有喬賽亞·亨森。17AsaboyinMaryland,Hensonwatchedashisentirefamilywassoldtodifferentbuyers,andhesawhismotherharshlybeatenwhenshetriedtokeephimwithher.Makingthebestofhislot,Hensonworkeddiligentlyandrosefarinhisowner'sregard.還是孩子的亨森在馬里蘭州目睹著全家人被賣(mài)給不同的主人，看到母親為了想把自己留在她身邊而遭受毒打。亨森非常認(rèn)命，干活勤勉，深受主人器重。18MoneyproblemseventuallycompelledhismastertosendHenson,hiswifeandchildrentoabrotherinKentucky.Afterlaboringthereforseveralyears,Hensonheardalarmingnews:thenewmasterwasplanningtosellhimforplantationworkfarawayintheDeepSouth.Theslavewouldbeseparatedforeverfromhisfamily.經(jīng)濟(jì)困頓最終迫使亨森的主人將他及其妻兒送到主人在肯塔基州的一個(gè)兄弟處。在那兒干了幾年苦工之后，亨森聽(tīng)說(shuō)了一個(gè)可怕的消息：新主人準(zhǔn)備把他賣(mài)到遙遠(yuǎn)的南方腹地去農(nóng)莊干活。這名奴隸將與自己的家人永遠(yuǎn)分離。19Therewasonlyoneanswer:flight."IknewtheNorthStar,"Hensonwroteyearslater."LikethestarofBethlehem,itannouncedwheremysalvationlay."只有一條路可走：逃亡?！拔視?huì)認(rèn)北斗星，”許多年后亨森寫(xiě)道?！熬拖袷サ夭愕木刃且粯樱嬖V我在哪里可以獲救?！?0Athugerisk,Hensonandhiswifesetoffwiththeirfourchildren.Twoweekslater,starvingandexhausted,thefamilyreachedCincinnati,wheretheymadecontactwithmembersoftheUndergroundRailroad."Carefullytheyprovidedforourwelfare,andthentheysetusthirtymilesonourwaybywagon."亨森和妻子冒著極大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)帶著四個(gè)孩子上路了。兩個(gè)星期之后，饑餓疲憊的一家人來(lái)到了辛辛那提州，在那兒，他們與地下鐵路的成員取得了聯(lián)系?！八麄?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝耸乘蓿浅ｊP(guān)心，接著又用車(chē)送了我們30英里?！?1TheHensonscontinuednorth,arrivingatlastinBuffalo,N.Y.ThereafriendlycaptainpointedacrosstheNiagaraRiver."'Doyouseethosetrees?'hesaid.'Theygrowonfreesoil.'"HegaveHensonadollarandarrangedforaboat,whichcarriedtheslaveandhisfamilyacrosstherivertoCanada.亨森一家繼續(xù)往北走，最后來(lái)到紐約州的布法羅。在那兒，一位友善的船長(zhǎng)指著尼亞加拉河對(duì)岸?！啊匆?jiàn)那些樹(shù)沒(méi)有？’他說(shuō)，‘它們生長(zhǎng)在自由的土地上?！彼o了亨森一美元錢(qián)，安排了一條小船，小船載著這位黑奴及其家人過(guò)河來(lái)到加拿大。22"Ithrewmyselfontheground,rolledinthesandanddancedaround,till,intheeyesofseveralwhowerepresent,Ipassedforamadman.'He'ssomecrazyfellow,'saidaColonelWarren."“我撲倒在地，在沙土里打滾，手舞足蹈，最后，在場(chǎng)的那幾個(gè)人都認(rèn)定我是瘋子?！莻€(gè)瘋子，’有個(gè)沃倫上校說(shuō)?！?3"'Oh,no!Don'tyouknow?I'mfree!'"“‘不，不是的！知道嗎？我自由了！’”unit3TheLandoftheLockTheLandoftheLockBobGreene1InthehousewhereIgrewup,itwasourcustomtoleavethefrontdooronthelatchatnight.Idon'tknowifthatwasalocaltermorifitisuniversal;"onthelatch"meantthedoorwasclosedbutnotlocked.Noneofuscarriedkeys;thelastoneinfortheeveningwouldcloseup,andthatwasit.鎖之國(guó)鮑伯·格林小時(shí)候在家里，我們的前門(mén)總是夜不落鎖。我不知道這是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N說(shuō)法還是大家都這么說(shuō)；"不落鎖"的意思是掩上門(mén)，但不鎖住。我們誰(shuí)都不帶鑰匙；晚上最后一個(gè)回家的人把門(mén)關(guān)上，這就行了。2Thosedaysareover.Inruralareasaswellasincities,doorsdonotstayunlocked,evenforpartofanevening.那樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。在鄉(xiāng)下，在城里，門(mén)不再關(guān)著不鎖上，哪怕是傍晚一段時(shí)間也不例外。3Suburbsandcountryareasare,inmanyways,evenmorevulnerablethanwell-patroledurbanstreets.Statisticsshowthecrimeraterisingmoredramaticallyinthoseallegedlytranquilareasthanincities.Atanyrate,theeraofleavingthefrontdooronthelatchisover.在許多方面，郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村甚至比巡查嚴(yán)密的城市街道更易受到攻擊。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，那些據(jù)稱(chēng)是安寧的地區(qū)的犯罪率上升得比城鎮(zhèn)更為顯著。不管怎么說(shuō)，前門(mén)虛掩不落鎖的時(shí)代是一去不復(fù)返了。4Ithasbeenreplacedbydead-boltlocks,securitychains,electronicalarmsystemsandtripwireshookeduptoapolicestationorprivateguardfirm.Manysuburbanfamilieshaveslidingglassdoorsontheirpatios,withsteelbarselegantlybuiltinsonoonecanprythedoorsopen.取而代之的是防盜鎖、防護(hù)鏈、電子報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，以及連接警署或私人保安公司的報(bào)警裝置。郊區(qū)的許多人家在露臺(tái)上安裝了玻璃滑門(mén)，內(nèi)側(cè)有裝得很講究的鋼條，這樣就沒(méi)人能把門(mén)撬開(kāi)。5Itisnotuncommon,inthemostpleasantofhomes,toseepastedonthewindowssmallnoticesannouncingthatthepremisesareundersurveillancebythissecurityforceorthatguardcompany.在最溫馨的居家，也常?？吹玫酱吧腺N著小小的告示，稱(chēng)本宅由某家安全機(jī)構(gòu)或某個(gè)保安公司負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管。6ThelockisthenewsymbolofAmerica.Indeed,arecentpublic-serviceadvertisementbyalargeinsurancecompanyfeaturednotchartsshowinghowmuchatriskweare,butapictureofachild'sbicyclewiththenow-usualpadlockattachedtoit.鎖成了美國(guó)的新的象征。的確，一家大保險(xiǎn)公司最近的一則公益廣告沒(méi)有用圖表表明我們所處的危險(xiǎn)有多大，而是用了一幅童車(chē)的圖片，車(chē)身上懸著如今無(wú)所不在的掛鎖。7Theadpointedoutthat,yes,itistheinsurancecompaniesthatpayforstolengoods,butwhoisgoingtopayforwhatthenewatmosphereofdistrustandfearisdoingtoourwayoflife?WhoisgoingtomakethepsychicpaymentforthetransformationofAmericafromtheLandoftheFreetotheLandoftheLock?廣告指出，沒(méi)錯(cuò)，確是保險(xiǎn)公司理賠失竊物品，但誰(shuí)來(lái)賠償互不信任、擔(dān)心害怕這種新氛圍對(duì)我們的生活方式所造成的影響呢？誰(shuí)來(lái)對(duì)美國(guó)從自由之國(guó)到鎖之國(guó)這一蛻變作出精神賠償呢？8Forthatiswhathashappened.WehavebecomesousedtodefendingourselvesagainstthenewatmosphereofAmericanlife,sousedtoputtingupbarriers,thatwehavenothadtimetothinkaboutwhatitmaymean.因?yàn)槟蔷褪乾F(xiàn)狀。我們已經(jīng)變得如此習(xí)慣于保護(hù)自己不受美國(guó)生活新氛圍的影響，如此習(xí)慣于設(shè)置障礙，因而無(wú)暇考慮這一切意味著什么。9Forsomereasonwearesatisfiedwhenwethinkwearewell-protected;itdoesnotoccurtoustoaskourselves:Whyhasthishappened?Whyarewehavingtobarricadeourselvesagainstourneighborsandfellowcitizens,andwhen,exactly,didthisstarttotakeoverourlives?出于某種原因，當(dāng)我們覺(jué)得防范周密時(shí)就感到心滿(mǎn)意足；我們沒(méi)有問(wèn)過(guò)自己：為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況？為什么非得把自己與鄰居和同住一城的居民相隔絕，這一切究竟是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始主宰我們生活的？10Andithastakenover.Ifyouworkforamedium-tolarge-sizecompany,chancesarethatyoudon'tjustwanderinandoutofwork.Youprobablycarrysomekindofaccesscard,electronicorotherwise,thatallowsyouinandoutofyourplaceofwork.Maybethesecurityguardatthefrontdeskknowsyourfaceandwillwaveyouinmostdays,butthefactremainsthatthebusinessyouworkforfeelsthreatenedenoughtokeepoutsidersawayviathese"keys."這一切確是主宰了我們的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班，你上下班很可能不好隨意進(jìn)出。你可能隨身帶著某種出入卡，電子的或別的什么的，因?yàn)檫@卡能讓你進(jìn)出工作場(chǎng)所。也許前臺(tái)的保安認(rèn)識(shí)你這張臉，平日一揮手讓你進(jìn)去，但事實(shí)明擺著，你所任職的公司深感面臨威脅，因此要借助這些“鑰匙”不讓外人靠近。11Itwasn'talwayslikethis.Evenadecadeago,mostprivatebusinesseshadapolicyoffreeaccess.Itsimplydidn'toccurtomanagersthattheproperthingtodowastodistrustpeople.這一現(xiàn)象并非向來(lái)有之。即使在十年前，大多數(shù)私營(yíng)公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那時(shí)管理人員根本沒(méi)想到過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)氖侄问遣恍湃嗡恕?2Lookattheairports.Parentsusedtotakechildrenouttodeparturegatestowatchplaneslandandtakeoff.That'sallgone.Airportsarenolongeraplaceofeducationandfun;theyarethemostsophisticatedofsecuritysites.且看各地機(jī)場(chǎng)。過(guò)去家長(zhǎng)常常帶孩子去登機(jī)口看飛機(jī)起飛降落。這種事再也沒(méi)有了。機(jī)場(chǎng)不再是一個(gè)有趣的學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)所；它們成了擁有最精密的安全檢查系統(tǒng)的場(chǎng)所。13WithelectronicX-rayequipment,weseemfinallytohavefiguredoutawaytoholdtheterrorists,realandimagined,atbay;itwassucharelieftosolvethisproblemthatwedidnotthinkmuchaboutwhatsuchastateofaffairssaysaboutthequalityofourlives.Wenowpassthroughtheseelectronicfriskerswithoutsomuchasasidewaysglance;themachines,andwhattheystandfor,havewon.憑借著電子透視裝置，我們似乎終于想出妙計(jì)讓恐怖分子無(wú)法近身，無(wú)論是真的恐怖分子還是憑空臆想的。能解決這一問(wèn)題真是如釋重負(fù)，于是我們不去多想這種狀況對(duì)我們的生活質(zhì)量意味著什么。如今我們走過(guò)這些電子搜查器時(shí)已經(jīng)看都不看一眼了，這些裝置，還有它們所代表的一切已經(jīng)獲勝。14Ourneighborhoodsarebathedinhigh-intensitylight;wedonotwanttoaffordourselvesevensomuchaluxuryasashadow.我們的居住區(qū)處在強(qiáng)光源的照射下；我們連哪怕像陰影這樣小小的享受也不想給自己。15Businessmen,inincreasingnumbers,arepurchasingnewmachinesthathookuptothetelephoneandanalyzeacaller'svoice.Themachinesaresupposedtotellthebusinessman,withasmallmarginoferror,whetherhisfriendorclientistellinglies.越來(lái)越多的商人正購(gòu)置連接在機(jī)上、能剖析來(lái)電者聲音的新機(jī)器。據(jù)說(shuō)那種機(jī)器能讓商人知道他的朋友或客戶(hù)是否在撒謊，其出錯(cuò)概率很小。16Allthisisbeingdoneinthenameof"security";thatiswhatwetellourselves.Wearefearful,andsowedevisewaystolockthefearout,andthat,wedecide,iswhatsecuritymeans.所有這一切都是以“安全”的名義實(shí)施的：我們是這么跟自己說(shuō)的。我們害怕，于是我們?cè)O(shè)法把害怕鎖在外面，我們認(rèn)定，那就是安全的意義。17Butno;withallthis"security,"weareperhapsthemostinsecurenationinthehistoryofcivilizedman.Whatbetterwordtodescribethewayinwhichwehavebeenforcedtolive?Whatsadderreflectiononallthatwehavebecomeinthisnewandpuzzlingtime?其實(shí)不然；我們雖然有了這一切安全措施，但我們或許是人類(lèi)文明史上最不安全的國(guó)民。還有什么更好的字眼能用來(lái)描述我們被迫選擇的生活方式呢？還有什么更為可悲地表明我們?cè)谶@個(gè)令人困惑的新時(shí)代所感受到的惶恐之情呢？18Wetrustnoone.Suburbanhousewiveswearrapewhistlesontheirstationwagonkeychains.Wehavebecomesosmartaboutself-protectionthat,intheend,wehavealloutsmartedourselves.Wemayhavelockedtheevilsout,butinsodoingwehavelockedourselvesin.我們不信任任何人。郊區(qū)的家庭主婦在客貨兩用車(chē)鑰匙鏈上掛著防強(qiáng)暴口哨。我們?cè)谧晕曳佬l(wèi)方面變得如此聰明，最終聰明反被聰明誤。我們或許是把邪惡鎖在了門(mén)外，但在這么做的同時(shí)我們把自己鎖在里邊了。19Thatmaybethelegacywerememberbestwhenwelookbackonthisage:Indealingwiththeunseenhorrorsamongus,webecameprisonersofourselves.Allofusprisoners,inthistimeofourtroubles.那也許是我們將來(lái)回顧這一時(shí)代時(shí)記得最牢的精神遺產(chǎn)：在對(duì)付我們中間無(wú)形的恐懼之時(shí)，我們成了自己的囚徒。在我們這個(gè)問(wèn)題重重的時(shí)代，所有的人都是囚徒。unit4WasEinsteinaSpaceAlien?1AlbertEinsteinwasexhausted.Forthethirdnightinarow,hisbabysonHans,crying,keptthehouseholdawakeuntildawn.WhenAlbertfinallydozedoff...itwastimetogetupandgotowork.Hecouldn'tskipaday.Heneededthejobtosupporthisyoungfamily.艾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦被搞得筋疲力盡.連續(xù)第三個(gè)晚上，他的寶貝兒子漢斯，哭泣，讓家人清醒直到黎明。當(dāng)艾伯特終于睡著了是時(shí)候起床去工作。他不能跳過(guò)一天。他需要工作來(lái)養(yǎng)活家人。2WalkingbrisklytothePatentOffice,wherehewasa"TechnicalExpert,ThirdClass,"Albertworriedabouthismother.Shewasgettingolderandfrail,andshedidn'tapproveofhismarriagetoMileva.Relationswerestrained.Albertglancedatapassingshopwindow.Hishairwasamess;hehadforgottentocombitagain.他輕快地走到專(zhuān)利局，在那里他是一個(gè)“技術(shù)專(zhuān)家，第三級(jí)，”艾伯特?fù)?dān)心他的母親。她越來(lái)越虛弱，她不贊成他與米列娃結(jié)婚，關(guān)系緊張。艾伯特看了一眼路過(guò)商店的櫥窗。他的頭發(fā)是一個(gè)爛攤子，他忘了梳一遍。3Work.Family.Makingendsmeet.Albertfeltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyounghusbandandfather.工作。家庭。使收支平衡。艾伯特感受到任何年輕的丈夫和父親所有的壓力和責(zé)任的Torelax,herevolutionizedphysics.放松，他徹底改變了物理學(xué)。4In1905,attheageof26andfouryearsbeforehewasabletogetajobasaprofessorofphysics,Einsteinpublished