2022年山西省大同市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級預(yù)測試題(含答案)

2022年山西省大同市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級預(yù)測試題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、1.Writing(10題)1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledEnergyCrisis,Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.能源是當(dāng)今世界所面臨的主要問題之一。

2.能源的重要性

3.如何保護(hù)能源

2.Directions:Thefollowingtablegivesstatisticsshowingtheaspectsofqualityoflifeinfivecountries.Writeacompositiondescribingtheinformationinthetablebelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheTearsofABird.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.描述圖片內(nèi)容和作者的用意。

2.這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生哪些危害。

3.如何解決這個問題?你的建議。

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoconsoleyourfriendwhorecentlyfailedinTOEFL.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.得知好友John未通過托?？荚嚕榫w低落

2．幫他分析可能存在的問題，提出合理建議

3．鼓勵他戰(zhàn)勝失敗

ALetterofConsolation

5.1.調(diào)查顯示，某大學(xué)61%的學(xué)生需要人際關(guān)系方面的心理幫助

2.出現(xiàn)這種情況的主要原因

3.我的建議

6.Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayOnExaminations.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutinegivenbelow.

1.補(bǔ)考是大學(xué)教育的一部分

2.補(bǔ)考的利與弊

3.如何發(fā)揮補(bǔ)考的作用

OnRemedialExamination

7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledSayNotoAvianInfluenza.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.“禽流感”危害的后果及其嚴(yán)重性

2．造成這種突發(fā)疫情的原因

3．我們應(yīng)該如何對待

Usefulwordsandexpressions:

禽流感:avianinfluenza

預(yù)警系統(tǒng):warningsystem

應(yīng)急機(jī)制:emergencyresponsemechanism

SayNotoAvianInfluenza

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaycommentingontheevaluationofteachers'performancedonebythestudents.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.不少大學(xué)讓學(xué)生參與任課老師教學(xué)情況的測評。

2.對此改革措施校方、教師、學(xué)生的看法不一。

3.學(xué)生測評教師的益處以及可能產(chǎn)生的問題。

EvaluationbyStudents

9.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMobilePhoneUsesshouldBeLimitedinLibrary.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.圖書館的閱覽區(qū)內(nèi)濫用手機(jī)的現(xiàn)象很普遍

2.分析此現(xiàn)象造成影響

3.你的建議

MobilePhoneUsesshouldBeLimitedinLibrary

10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:China'sConfuciusCollegesintheWorld.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.中國在海外已經(jīng)設(shè)立并將設(shè)立更多孔子學(xué)院

2.設(shè)立孔子學(xué)院有利于中國傳統(tǒng)文化的傳傳播

3.對此有不同的看法，你如何看待

China'sConfuciusCollegesintheWorld

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10題)11.Governmentinsuranceprogramsdonotinclude______.

A.Latinochildren

B.Hispanicpeople

C.low-incomeadults

D.undocumentedimmigrants

12.

Inordertopreventyourbooksfrombeingdamagedbyinsects,youshouldmakeyourlibraryavoid______.

13.

Peopleaspotentialclients,customers,orpartnershelpyoutobenoticedbyothersandto______.

14.Automation

Thetermautomationwascoinedaround1946bytheautomobileindustrytodescribetheincreaseduseofautomaticdevicesandcontrolsinmechanizedproductionlines.Today,itiswidelyusedinamanufacturingcontextbutisalsoappliedoutsideofmanufacturinginconnectionwithavarietyofsystemsinwhichthereisasignificantsubstitutionofmechanical,electrical,orcomputerizedactionforhumaneffortandintelligence.AnoperationiscommonlydescribedasautomatedifitisSubstantiallymoreautomaticthanitspredecessor.

Initsmostgeneralusage,automationcanbedefinedasatechnologyconcernedwithcarryingoutaprocessbymeansofprogrammedcommandscombinedwiththeautomaticfeedbackofdatarelatingtotheexecutionofthosecommands.Theresultingsystemiscapableofoperatingwithouthumanintervention.Thedevelopmentofthistechnologyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentontheuseofcomputersandcomputer-relatedtechnologies.Asaconsequence,automatedsystemshavebecomesophisticatedandcomplex.Advancedsystemsofthissortnowrepresentalevelofcapabilityandperformancethatsurpassinmanywaystheabilitiesofhumanstoaccomplishthesameactivities.

Automationtechnologyhasmaturedtoapointwhereanumberofothertechnologieshavedevelopedfromitandhaveachievedarecognitionandstatusoftheirown.Roboticsisonesuchtechnology.Itisaspecializedbranchofautomationinwhichtheautomatedmachinepossessescertaincharacteristics.Themosttypicalhumanlikecharacteristicofamodernindustrialrobotisitspoweredmechanicalarm.Therobot'sarmcanbeprogrammedtodoasequenceofmotionstoperform.usefultasks,suchasloadingandunloadingpartsataproductionmachineormakingasequenceofspot-weldsonthebodyofanautomobile.Therobotwillrepeatthemotionpatternuntilitisreprogrammedtoperform.somealternativetask.Astheseexamplesofrobotapplicationssuggest,anindustrialrobotistypicallyusedtoreplaceahumanworkerinafactoryoperation.

Thefieldofroboticshasitsrootsinthedevelopmentofautomationtechnology.Numericalcontrol(NC)andtelechericsaretwoimportantareasoftechnologythatconstitutethefoundationsofroboticstechnology.

Overtheyears,thesocialmeritsofautomationhavebeenarguedbylabourleaders,governmentofficials,businessexecutives,andcollegeprofessors.Nodoubtthebiggestcontroversyhasfocusedontheemploymentissue:Whatistheeffectofautomationonemployment?Thereareotherimportantaspectsoftheautomationissueaswell,includingitseffectonproductivity,economiccompetition,education,andqualityoflife.

Theadvantagescommonlyattributedtoautomationincludeincreasedproductionrates,moreefficientuseofmaterials,betterproductquality,improvedsafety,shorterworkweeksforlabour,andreductionoffactoryleadtimes.

Automatedmachinesareusuallydesignedtooperateathigherproductionratesthanhumansarecapableofachieving.Thisincreasedproductivityhasbeenoneofthebiggestreasonsforjustifyingtheadoptionofautomatedsystems.Notwithstandingtheclaimsofhighqualityfromgoodworkmanshipbyhumans,automatedsystemsaregenerallycapableofcarryingoutthemanufacturingprocesswithlessvariabilitythathumansmake,thusyieldinggreatercontrolandconsistencyofproductquality.Inaddition,theincreasedprocesscontrolmakespossiblemoreefficientuseofmaterials,resultinginlesswaste.

Automatedmanufacturingsystemsoften,removeworkersfromtheworkplace,thussafeguardingthemagainsthazardsintheworkenvironment.IntheUnitedStates,theOccupationalSafetyandHealthActof1970(OSHA)wasenactedwiththeobjectiveofmakingworksaferandprotectingthephysicalwell-beingoftheworkerona

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Huygens'clock,amechanicalone,hadanerrorof"lessthanonlyoneminuteaday",whichwasamassiveleapinthedevelopmentof______.

16.

HearingthenewsoftheKlondikeGoldRush,Emery'sfatherandhisbrother-in-lawdecidedtogotoAlaskatogether.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

ThebookThePlayofPowerisnotdifficulttoread,sinceitisnot______.

18.

AccordingtoPatriciaMorgantheincreasingnumberofwomenwhohavechildrenlateordon'twanttogivebirthtochildrenarethosewhoare______.

19.ThePlayofPower:AnIntroductiontoAmericanGovernment

JamesEisenstein,MarkKessler,BruceA.WilliamsandJacquelineVaughnSwitzer.ThePlayofPower:AnIntroductiontoAmericanGovernment.NewYorkSt.Martin'sPress,1996.639pp.Tables,appendices,glossary,references,index.

ISBN0-312-13662-5

TherearedozensofAmericanGovernmenttextbooksonthemarket,manyofthemveryrespectedandsuccessful,someevenregardedasclassicsintheirumpteenth(無數(shù)次的)edition.Frequentlythereislittlethatdistinguishesonefromanother,otherthananidiosyncratic(特殊的)"conceptualframework,"thenumberandkindsofgraphics,boxes,andphotos,orthepackageofancillary(輔助的)materialsavailabletotheadopter.ThePlayofPower:AnIntroductiontoAmericanGovernmentistypicalofthestandardAmericanGovernmenttextbookonthemarket.Itprovidesbalancedcoverageofpoliticalandconstitutionalhistory,Americanpoliticalinstitutionsandprocesses,andpoliticalparticipation.Thisbasicversiondoesnotincludeseparatechaptersonpublicpolicy,butmanypolicyissuesareaddressedinthecoverageofthecongress,thepresidency,thebureaucracy,thecourts,andinterestgroups.

Thechaptersareorganizedinalogicalsequencebuttheyarewrittensothattheymaybeusedinanalternativesequenceifaninstructorwouldsodesire.Thewritingstyle.isverystraightforwardandnotunnecessarilyacademicandjargonistic.Thetoneisrespectfulofstudentsandtheirexperiencesand,despitemultipleauthors,itremainsconsistentthroughoutthetext.

ThereareanumberoffeaturesofThePlayofPowerthatmakeitattractiveandthatmakeitoneofthetextbooksthatIhaveusedwithsatisfactionforseveralyears.Asissuggestedbythetitle,theauthorsdescribepoliticsasagameofpowerplayedbymanyplayers,thoughtheirsisnotanapplicationofformalgametheoriestopolitics.Instead,theyaskstudentstothinkofanumberoffamiliargames,likebasketballorMonopoly(強(qiáng)手棋),andthewaysthattherules,strategies,andresourcesshapehowplayersgoaboutpursuingtheirgoalsandwithwhateffect.Theauthorsinvitestudents,then,tolookatpoliticsasagamea"grand"gamewithsometimesdeadlyconsequencesthatisshapedbycertainrules(somefoundintheConstitution),thatisplayedbymanyplayers(politicians,voters,organizedinterests,etc.)whobringvariousandunequalresources(money,status,connections,etc.)tothegame,andwhowinvariousmaterialandsymbolicoutcomes.The"gameofpolitics"metaphorissometimesdifficulttosustainthroughoutthecoverageofmanytopics,butitprovidesausefulorganizationalframework.ItdashessomeoftheidealisticnotionsofAmericangovernmentandpoliticsthatstudentsmayhavepickedupinhighschoolcivicsclasses,aswellasthemorecynicalnotionsthattheypickupinthepopularmedia.Intheend,Ithinkitisusefulinhelpingstudentsmakesenseofwhogetswhat,andhow,aswellaswhodoeswhat,andwhyandwithwhatsuccess.

AnotherattractivefeatureofThePlayofPowerisaserious,consistent,andultimatelysuccessfulefforttodrawonstudents'ownexperiencetouncovertherelevanceofpoliticsandgovernment.Theauthorscompareandcontrastpoliticalissuesanddilemmastostudentissues,tostudentrelationshipsamongthemselves,withtheuniversity,withtheirparents,andwithlocalgovernment.Thishelpsstudentsseetherule-makingandchoice-making,aswellasthetradeoffs(權(quán)衡)ofthepoliticalprocess.

TheauthorsofThePlayofPoweralsopullofffairlyeffectivelythechallengeofdescribingtherolesofminoritiesandwomeninAmericanpoliticalhistoryandcontemporarypolitics.ThishasbecomeanincreasinglycommonundertakingforauthorsofAmericangovernmenttextbooks.Someauthorswea

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20.

DuringWorldWarII,moreyoungerpeopletookupsmoking.

A.YB.NC.NG

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10題)21.(28)

A.Hestirstheicecream.

B.Heletstheicecreamwarmup.

C.Heexaminesthecoloroftheicecream.

D.Hetastestheflavoroftheicecream.

22.(36)

A.Talkers.B.Thespeakeasy.C.Thespacemaker.D.Texters.

23.聽力原文：M:Isthistableinthecornerokay?

W:Sure.Wecansithere.

M:Gee.You'vehardlygotanythingonyourtray.

W:Yeah.IguessI'mjustnotthathungry.

M:What'sthematter?Aren'tyoufeelingwell?

W:Well,I'vebeenreallyworried.It'smycar.It'sintheshopagain.

M:Really?What'swrongthistime?

W:Idon'tknowexactly.Somethingiswrongwiththebrakes,Ithink.

M:Well,atleastthatshouldn'tcostyoumuchtofix.PartsarecheaperforalltheAmericancarslikeyours.Didthemechanicsayhowmuchitwouldcost?

W:Hesaidhewouldcallmewithanestimatelaterontoday.

M:Watchout,hedoesn'ttrytotakeadvantageofyou.

W:Whatdoyoumean?

M:Well,Somecarmechanics.Iftheythinkthatsomeonedoesn'tknowmuchaboutcars,theymighttrytooverchargethatperson.

W:Maybeso.ButItrustthisguy.Hewasrecommendedbyoneofmyneighbors.Hehasdonesomeworkformeinthepastandhispricesseemedtobereasonable.

M:Oh,that'sgoodtoknow.MaybeI'lltryusinghiminthefuture.Bytheway,doyouneedaridehomeafterclasstoday?

W:Oh,I'dsureappreciateit.It'sreallytoughgettingaroundwithoutacarwhenyouliveoffcampus.

(23)

A.Ithasbrokendownbefore.

B.Shegenerallydoesn'tallowpeopletoborrowit.

C.Sheistryingtosellit,

D.Sheboughtitfromafriend,

24.聽力原文：W:Soyouareuptosometennisthisafternoonorwhat?

M:Well,totellyouthetruth,I'mnotfeelingsohottoday.

W:Comeon.Howlonghasitbeensinceweplayed?

M:Acoupleofdays.

W:Acoupleofdays?Comeon.It'sbeenmorethanacoupleofdays.

M:Yeah.Iguessyou'reright.It'sbeenalmostaweek.

W:It'sbeenexactlyaweek.Andweusedtoplayatleastthreetimesthisweek.

M:Iknow.Playingrightafterclasswassomethingtolookforwardto.

W:Yeah.Anditwasrightbeforedinner.Sowebuiltupourappetite.

M:I'vejustbeenverybusy.Iguess.Andmystomachisbotheringmetoday.

W:ButyoulookOKtome.

M:Well,IwasuplatewithSteveinthelibraryworkingonaproject.Wegottodoitbytomorrow.We'vebeenworkingonitallweekend.AndIwasdrinkingalotofcoffee.Iguess,Ijustdranktoomuch.

W:Listen.Itookthatclasslastsemester.AndIcouldmeetyouinthelibrarylatertonightandhelpyouwithitifyouwant.Andthenyouhavetimetoplaytennisthisafternoon.

M:Yeah.Iguessmystomachdoesn'thurtthatbad.AndIcouldcertainlyuseyourhelp.Butit'salso...

W:Istheresomethingelsebotheringyou?

M:Well,tobehonest,I'mgettingtired.

W:OK,don'tworry.Youmaytakesometimetorest.Wewillmeetfortennissometimelater.

(20)

A.Whattheman'splansarefortonight.

B.Whythemandoesnotwanttoplaytennis.

C.Whytheydonothavetimetoplaytennisafterclasstoday.

D.Whattimetheycanmeetinthelibrary.

25.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Tobeaddictedtocigarettesmeansthatyourbodycomestoneedthem.Theaddictedsubstanceincigarettesisnicotine.Whenpeoplesmokethenicotinegoesrightintothebloodstreamandmakespeoplefeelrelaxed.Asmoker'sbodygetsaccustomedtothenicotineandifhestopssmokinghefeelsnervous.Manysmokerstrytostopsmokingbutbecauseoftheaddictiontonicotinetheyfeelsouncomfortablethattheyoftenfindittoodifficulttostop.

Anotherreasonisthatpeoplesimplyenjoysmokingandwhatitsymbolizes.Havingacigaretteformanypeoplemeanstakingabreak.Forsomepeoplesmokingbecomespartofcertainsocialrituals,forexample,thecigaretteafterdinner.Manypeopleenjoysmokingbecauseitgivesthemsomethingtodowiththeirhands.Reachingforacigarette,lightingitandflickingtheashesareespeciallycomfortinginsituationswhereapersonfeelstense.

Manypeoplealsolikethetasteoftarincigarettes.However,itisthetarthatcausescancer.Whilegovernmentsandhealthexpertshavetriedtogetpeopletogiveupsmokingentirely,cigarettemanufacturershavetriedtokeepsellingthembyproducingcigaretteswithlesstar.Manypeopleinwesterncountrieshavewelcomedthesecigarettessincetheyfindithardtostopsmokingbutwanttoreducetherisktotheirhealth.

(27)

A.Nicotine.B.Ashes.C.Smoke.D.Tar.

26.(46)

27.聽力原文：W:It'sgoodtoseeyouagain.Whatareyoudoingthesedays?You'restillworkingatthesameplace,aren'tyou?

M:Yes,Iam.AndI'mcountingthedaysuntilretirement.

Q:Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?

(16)

A.Shehasconfidenceinhim.

B.Shehasalsowonascholarship.

C.Sheissurprisedatthenews.

D.Sheisnotinterestedinthenews.

28.(35)

A.Theybecamemorepopular.

B.Theyweremoreregulated.

C.Theybecamelesshonest.

D.Theybecamebetterproduced.

29.(40)

30.(45)

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3題)31.

Accordingtotheauthor,thestaffcanperform.betterby______.

A.gettinginstructionsfromtheirseniormanagers

B.seizingwhattodoathandandwhattodonext

C.havingafinancialforecastasagoal

D.sharingtheirgoalswithothers

32.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof______.

A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance

33.

Whatcanwelearnaboutminiaturegolffromthesecondparagraph?

A.Themoreadvancedthegameis,thelongertimetheplayercanplay.

B.Themoreadvancedthegameis,themoreholestheplayercanplay.

C.Thebettertheplayerplays,theshortertimethegamelasts.

D.Thebettertheplayerplays,thelesshepaysforthegame.

五、5.ErrorCorrection(3題)34.

【S4】

35.

【S6】

36.

【S7】

六、6.ErrorCorrection(3題)37.

【S3】

38.

【S8】

39.

【S6】

參考答案

1.EnergyCrisisOneofthemainproblemstheworldisfacingtodayistheenergycrisis.TheworldhasconsumedtoomuchenergydailyparticularlythewestofEuropeandNorthofAmericausethelargermountofit.Fuelswhichareusedtoproduceenergyatthemomentseemtonmoutsoon.Wearemuchworriedaboutapossibleenergycrisisasweexperiencedtheonethatoccurredin1970sandcausedusthegreatpanic.Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeintermsofenergyconservation.Someofthemarenotverypracticalbutotherscoldbeusedsuccessfully.Energyisknowntobeofgreatimportancetoourexistence.Wecanhardlyimaginehowwecouldsurviveinthisworldwithoutenergy.Noenergymeansthatallvehiclessuchascarstrainsbusesplanesandshipsthatneedoiltoworkwouldbeunabletonm.Theworldwouldbedarkanddead.Sotopreventtheenergycrisisitisofnecessitytoconserveallsourcesofenergyassomepeoplesuggest.Butgreatsourcesofenergyareneededifgovernmentswanttodevelopindustryandmakelifemorecomfortableandmostoftheenergyisconsumedinindustry.Itishoweverdifficulttosuggestanypossibleenergyconservationinindustrybecausemanyofthesuggestionswouldmeanthatsomepeoplewouldlosetheirjobs.Obviouslyconservationisnotgoingtobethegoodanswertotheenergycrisis.Oneofthepossiblesolutionsistousetheforcesofnatureforexamplethewindtheseatheriverandthesun.Itisstrangetothinkthatthesesourcesofenergywereusedlongagoforwindmillsandwatermillsbutthenwerealmostforgotten.Surewecanseeagaintheseforcesasgreatpotentialformsofenergy.EnergyCrisisOneofthemainproblemstheworldisfacingtodayistheenergycrisis.Theworldhasconsumedtoomuchenergydaily,particularlythewestofEuropeandNorthofAmericausethelargermountofit.Fuelswhichareusedtoproduceenergyatthemomentseemtonmoutsoon.Wearemuchworriedaboutapossibleenergycrisis,asweexperiencedtheonethatoccurredin1970sandcausedusthegreatpanic.Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeintermsofenergyconservation.Someofthemarenotverypracticalbutotherscoldbeusedsuccessfully.Energyisknowntobeofgreatimportancetoourexistence.Wecanhardlyimaginehowwecouldsurviveinthisworldwithoutenergy.Noenergymeansthatallvehiclessuchascars,trains,buses,planesandshipsthatneedoiltoworkwouldbeunabletonm.Theworldwouldbedark,anddead.So,topreventtheenergycrisis,itisofnecessitytoconserveallsourcesofenergyassomepeoplesuggest.Butgreatsourcesofenergyareneededifgovernmentswanttodevelopindustryandmakelifemorecomfortable,andmostoftheenergyisconsumedinindustry.Itis,however,difficulttosuggestanypossibleenergyconservationinindustrybecausemanyofthesuggestionswouldmeanthatsomepeoplewouldlosetheirjobs.Obviously,conservationisnotgoingtobethegoodanswertotheenergycrisis.Oneofthepossiblesolutionsistousetheforcesofnature,forexamplethewind,thesea,theriverandthesun.Itisstrangetothinkthatthesesourcesofenergywereusedlongagoforwindmillsandwatermillsbutthenwerealmostforgotten.Surewecanseeagaintheseforcesasgreatpotentialformsofenergy.

2.Thetableusesfourbroadeconomicindicatorstoshowthestandardoflivinginfiveselectedcountriesin2000includingboththemostdevelopednationintheworldandsomeofthemuchlessdevelopednations.AscanbeseenfromthestatisticstheU.S.A.—oneoftherichestcountriesintheworld—hadthehighestGNPanddailycalorieintakethelongestlifeexpectancyandthelowestinfantmortalityrate.Theotherdevelopingcountrieshadaconsiderablylowerqualityoflife.EgyptIndonesiaandBoliviaweresimilarintheirrangeofindicatorswithEgypthavingthehighestqualityoflifeamongthethree.HoweverEgypt'sinfantmortalityratewasslightlyhigherthanIndonesia'sat40deathsper1000comparedto31inIndonesia.BangladeshhadbyfarthelowestqualityoflifeinalltheFourindicators.ItsGNPwasonlyaboutone-fortieththatoftheU.S.A.ThefigureintermsofthedailycaloriesupplyperheadinBangladeshisthehalfofthatinU.S.A.anditsinfantmortalityrateWas6timesgreater.Inconclusionitcanbeseenfromtheeconomicindicatorsthatthefourdevelopingcountrieshavea10ngwaytogobeforereachingthesamelevelofqualityoflifeastheU.S.A.AtthesametimetheU.S.A.hastheresponsibilitytohelptheothercountriestodeveloptheireconomiesandimprovetheirpeople'slivingstandards.Thetableusesfourbroadeconomicindicatorstoshowthestandardoflivinginfiveselectedcountriesin2000,includingboththemostdevelopednationintheworldandsomeofthemuchlessdevelopednations.Ascanbeseenfromthestatistics,theU.S.A.—oneoftherichestcountriesintheworld—hadthehighestGNPanddailycalorieintake,thelongestlifeexpectancyandthelowestinfantmortalityrate.Theotherdevelopingcountrieshadaconsiderablylowerqualityoflife.Egypt,IndonesiaandBoliviaweresimilarintheirrangeofindicators,withEgypthavingthehighestqualityoflifeamongthethree.However,Egypt'sinfantmortalityratewasslightlyhigherthanIndonesia's,at40deathsper1,000comparedto31inIndonesia.BangladeshhadbyfarthelowestqualityoflifeinalltheFourindicators.ItsGNPwasonlyaboutone-fortieththatoftheU.S.A.ThefigureintermsofthedailycaloriesupplyperheadinBangladeshisthehalfofthatinU.S.A.,anditsinfantmortalityrateWas6timesgreater.Inconclusion,itcanbeseenfromtheeconomicindicatorsthatthefourdevelopingcountrieshavea10ngwaytogobeforereachingthesamelevelofqualityoflifeastheU.S.A.Atthesametime,theU.S.A.hastheresponsibilitytohelptheothercountriestodeveloptheireconomiesandimprovetheirpeople'slivingstandards.

3.TheTearsofABirdAscanbeclearlyseenfromthecartoonabirdissittingonthetopofahugeaxwithtearsstreamingfromitseyes.Becauseallthetreesarecutdownthebirdwillhavenohabitat.Thecartoonconveysthemeaningthatitisurgenttopreservethewoodsforbirds.Andinfactthepictureurgesustoprotecttheenvironmentforanimalsandushumanbeings.Thecuttingoftreesaswellasthedestructionofourenvironmentmayleadtoseveralharmsasfollows.Inthefirstplacethefreesprovideuswithmanyvitalthingswehumansneedsuchasoxygenfoodshelterandsoon.Theanimalssuchasthebirdinthepicturealsoneedthetreesforsurvival.Inthesecondplaceiftoomanytreesarecutdownthentherewillbefewforestswhichactlikeagiantspongeabsorbingrainfallandpreventingitfromrunningawayintorivers.Inotherwordsaforesthelpstostabilizethesoilbeingerodedandsiltingupriversandlakes.Otherwisefloodsmighthappen.Lastbutnotleastthereisonlyoneearthonwhichwelive.Ifourenvironmentisnotwellprotectedwehumanswillfindithardtosurvive.Sincethisphenomenoncausessomanyharmfuleffectswehavetocomeupwithsomemeasurestodealwithit.Firstofalltheauthoritiesshouldadoptthepolicyofsustainabledevelopment"justasourgovernmenthassofarbeendoing.What'smoreeverycitizenshouldrealizetheseriousnessoftheproblemandmakeconcertedeffortstoprotectourenvironment.TheTearsofABirdAscanbeclearlyseenfromthecartoon,abirdissittingonthetopofahugeax,withtearsstreamingfromitseyes.Becauseallthetreesarecutdown,thebirdwillhavenohabitat.Thecartoonconveysthemeaningthatitisurgenttopreservethewoodsforbirds.Andinfactthepictureurgesustoprotecttheenvironmentforanimalsandushumanbeings.Thecuttingoftrees,aswellasthedestructionofourenvironment,mayleadtoseveralharmsasfollows.Inthefirstplace,thefreesprovideuswithmanyvitalthingswehumansneed,suchasoxygen,food,shelterandsoon.Theanimals,suchasthebirdinthepicture,alsoneedthetreesforsurvival.Inthesecondplace,iftoomanytreesarecutdown,thentherewillbefewforests,whichactlikeagiantsponge,absorbingrainfallandpreventingitfromrunningawayintorivers.Inotherwords,aforesthelpstostabilizethesoilbeingerodedandsiltingupriversandlakes.Otherwise,floodsmighthappen.Lastbutnotleast,thereisonlyoneearthonwhichwelive.Ifourenvironmentisnotwellprotected,wehumanswillfindithardtosurvive.Sincethisphenomenoncausessomanyharmfuleffects,wehavetocomeupwithsomemeasurestodealwithit.Firstofall,theauthoritiesshouldadoptthepolicyofsustainabledevelopment",justasourgovernmenthassofarbeendoing.What'smore,everycitizenshouldrealizetheseriousnessoftheproblemandmakeconcertedeffortstoprotectourenvironment.

4.ALetterofConsolation①DearJohn②IamsorrytolearnthatyoufailedinTOEFLlastweekandyousufferabadmood.③CheerupJohn;itisnotyourdoomday.Youstillhaveachancetot