中國鐵路發(fā)展定稿詳解

（優(yōu)選）中國鐵路發(fā)展定稿現(xiàn)在是1頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

Teaching

Objectives

ReadingThrough

Unit1

RailwayDevelopmentCONTENTSExercises現(xiàn)在是2頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一Studentswillbeableto:getanoverallknowledgeofrailwaydevelopmentinChinamastersomekeywordsandexpressionsinthetextunderstandsomeimportantsentences.Teaching

Objectives現(xiàn)在是3頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一ReadingALead-inQuestionsWordsandExpressionsTextLanguagePointsExercisesReadingThrough現(xiàn)在是4頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一Leading-inQuestionsBeforereadingthepassage,seehowmuchyouknowaboutrailwaydevelopmentbyansweringthefollowingquestions.1.CanyounamesomeoftheearliestrailwaysinChina?2.Whatdoyouknowabouttherolerailtransportplaysintoday’sChina?現(xiàn)在是5頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一Words&ExpressionsWords&ExpressionsmodetransportationtraverseMacau

wagon

trillion

allocatecapacityindigenously

terrain

establishmententitymultipletrackelectrifiedfold

respectively

onaglobalbasis

intermsof

現(xiàn)在是6頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一Railtransportisthemostcommonlyusedmodeoflong-distancetransportationinChina.AlmostallrailoperationsarehandledbytheMinistryofRailways,whichispartoftheStateCouncilofChina.Bytheendof2010,theoperatingrailnetworktraversesthelengthandbreadthofthecountry,coveringatotallengthof91,000km,makingonlytherailnetworksintheUnitedStatesandRussialargerinsize.Asof2009,ChineseRailwayownedabout603,082wagons,49,355coachesand18,922locomotivesandranmorethan38,000trainsdaily,includingabout3,500passengertrains.Thenetworktodayservesallprovinces,withtheexceptionofthespecialadministrativeregionofMacau.Para.1ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese現(xiàn)在是7頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一AsofOctober2008,theChineseStateCouncilapprovedanewCNY2trillionrailwayinvestmentplantotakeitupto2020.TheschemeextendedChina'spreviouslyannouncedrailwaybuildingprogram,whichwasallocatedCNY1.25trillionintheEleventhFive-YearPlanfor2006to2010.Asaresultoftheincreasedinvestment,thecountry'srailwaynetworkgrewfrom78,000kmattheendof2007to91,000kmattheendof2010,Growthinfreighttransportwasthoughttobeoneofthedriversbehindtheincreasedfocusonrail,andtheneedtoincreasecapacitytomeetrisingdemand.Para.2ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese現(xiàn)在是8頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一ThefirstrailroadtobebuiltinChinawastheWoosungRailwayin1876.By1911,therewerearound9,000kmoftracksinChina.However,manyrailwaysweredesigned,constructed,orevenownedbyforeigncompanies.ThefirstindigenouslydesignedandconstructedrailwaybyChineseistheJingzhangrailwaybuiltfrom1905to1909,adifficultjobduetothemountainousterrain.ThechiefengineerofthisrailwaywasZhanTianyou,whoisknownastheFatherofChina'sRailway.Para.3ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese現(xiàn)在是9頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一AftertheestablishmentofnewChina,thenewgovernmentinvestedheavilyintherailwaynetwork.Fromthe1950stothe70s,lines,especiallythoseinwesternChina,wereexpanded.Oneexampleisthe1900kmrailwayfromLanzhoutoUrumqi,whichwasbuiltbetween1952and1962.InSouthwesternChina,severalmountainrailwayswereconstructed,suchastheBaoji-ChengduRailway,builtinthe1950s,andtheChengkunRailway,builtinthe1970s.TherailwaytoXizang(Tibet),theQingzangrailway,wasoneofthemostdifficulttobuild;thelinewasfinallycompletedandopenedtothepublicin2006.Today,everyprovince-levelentityofChina,withtheexceptionofMacau,isconnectedtotherailwaynetwork.Para.4ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese現(xiàn)在是10頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一NotonlyhastheChineserailwaynetworkexpandedinsizesince1949,butithasalsoseengreattechnologicaladvances.From1990to2001,onaveragesome1,092kmofnewrailways,837kmofmultipletrack,and962kmofelectrifiedrailwayswereopenedtotrafficannually,2.4-fold,1.7-foldand1.8-foldincreasesrespectively

overtheprevious10years.Attheendof2004,railwaysinoperationreached74,200km,including24,100kmofmultipletrackand18,900kmofelectrifiedrailways.Bytheendof2012,thetotallengthofChina’soperatingrailwayshasreached110,000kmandisexpectedtogrowto120,000kmbytheendof2015accordingtotheDevelopmentPlanofChina’sNationalRailwaysduringthe12thFive-YearPlan.Para.5&6ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese現(xiàn)在是11頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一Moreover,ChinanowboaststheNumberOneHigh-speedRailwayNetworkintheworld.Onaglobalbasis,China'srailtransportvolumeisoneoftheworld'slargest,havingsixpercentoftheworld'soperatingrailways,andcarrying25percentoftheworld'stotalrailwayworkload.Chinaalsoleadsintermsof

thegrowthrateoftransportvolumeanduseoftransportequipment.Para.6ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese現(xiàn)在是12頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一mode

n.

aparticularwayofdoingsth.交流方式行為模式

amodeofcommunicationamodeofbehavioure.g.environment-friendlymodesoftransport

環(huán)保型的運(yùn)輸模式ExercisesLanguagePoints現(xiàn)在是13頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

transportation(transport)

n.

asystemforcarryingpeopleforgoodsfromoneplacetoanotherusingvehicles

公共交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)publictransportatione.g.Thecityisprovidingfreetransportationtothestadiumfromdowntown.本市現(xiàn)在提供從市中心到體育場的免費(fèi)交通。ExercisesLanguagePoints現(xiàn)在是14頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

traverse

v.

(formal)tocrossanareaoflandorwater

e.g.Wetraversethedesertbytruck.我們乘卡車橫穿沙漠。LanguagePointsExercises我走過狹窄的人行天橋。Itraversedthenarrowpedestrianbridge.現(xiàn)在是15頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

wagonn.

arailwaytruckforcarryinggoods

e.g.Don’toverloadawagon.不要使貨車裝載過重。LanguagePoints一輛長長的貨車沿著山坡蜿蜒而行。Alongwagontrainissnakingitswayalongtheslope.Exercises現(xiàn)在是16頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

allocatev.

togivesth.officiallytosb./sth.foraparticularpurpose

a.allocable可分配的；n.allocation分配

e.g.Theyintendtoallocatemoreplacestomaturestudentsthisyear.

今年他們打算給成人學(xué)生提供更多的名額.LanguagePoints已劃撥了一大筆款項(xiàng)給圖書館購買新書.Alargesumofmoneyhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.Exercises現(xiàn)在是17頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

capacityn.

theabilitytounderstandortodosth.能力

vt.capacitate使能夠

e.g.Limitedresourcesarerestrictingourcapacityfordevelopingnewproducts.

有限的資源正制約著我們開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力.LanguagePoints她特別能吃苦耐勞.Shehasanenormouscapacityforhardwork.Exercises現(xiàn)在是18頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

indigenouslyadv.

belongingtoaparticularplaceratherthancomingtoitfromsomewhereelse

e.g.GiantpandaisindigenouslylivinginChina.大熊貓?jiān)a(chǎn)于中國。LanguagePointsa.indigenous本土的，當(dāng)?shù)氐膇ndigenously-developed自主研發(fā)的現(xiàn)在是19頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

terrainn.

anareaoflandaboutitsnaturalfeatures

e.g.Hehadmadeadetailedstudyoftheterrain.他對地形做了縝密的研究。LanguagePoints多山地形Exercisesmountainousterrain現(xiàn)在是20頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

establishmentn.

theactofstartingorcreatingsth.

e.g.theestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenthecountries國家間外交關(guān)系的建立LanguagePoints發(fā)言人宣布了新學(xué)院的成立。Thespeakerannouncedtheestablishmentofanewcollege.Exercises現(xiàn)在是21頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

entityn.

(formal)sth.thatexistsseparatelyfromotherthingsandhasitsownidentity

e.g.Thesecountriescannolongerbeviewedasasingleentity.這些國家不能再被看成是一個單獨(dú)的實(shí)體。LanguagePoints作為一個獨(dú)立的法律實(shí)體，公司必須納稅。Asaseparatelegalentity,corporationsmustpaytaxes.Exercises現(xiàn)在是22頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一electrifiedadj.

tomakesth.workbyusingelectricityLanguagePoints這條鐵路在20世紀(jì)50年代就實(shí)現(xiàn)了電氣化。Therailwaylinewaselectrifiedinthe1950s.現(xiàn)在是23頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一-foldsuffix.

multipliedbye.g.Bythelateeighties,theirnumberhadgrownfourfold.到八十年代末的時候，他們的數(shù)量已是原來的四倍。LanguagePoints稅前利潤幾乎漲到了原來的12倍。Pretaxprofitsurgedalmosttwelvefold.Exercises現(xiàn)在是24頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一respectivelyadv.

inthesameorderasthepeopleorthingsalreadymentionede.g.JulieandMark,aged17and19respectively.朱莉和馬克，年齡分別為17歲和19歲。LanguagePointsTworespectableteachersenteredtheirofficesrespectively..Exercises兩位值得尊敬的老師進(jìn)入各自的辦公室?，F(xiàn)在是25頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

intermsof

usedwhenyouarereferringtoaparticularaspectofsth.

e.g.Whatdoesitmeanintermsofcost?這在成本上意味著什么？LanguagePointsExercisesItcan’tbemeasuredintermsofmoney.這是不能用金錢衡量的。現(xiàn)在是26頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一1.鐵路運(yùn)輸是中華人民共和國使用最普遍的長途運(yùn)輸方式。作為中國國務(wù)院的政府部門，鐵道部負(fù)責(zé)幾乎所有的鐵路運(yùn)營。到2010年底，中國鐵路運(yùn)營網(wǎng)橫貫全國，總里程達(dá)到91,000公里，使之成為繼美國和俄羅斯之后規(guī)模第三大鐵路網(wǎng)。2009年，中國鐵路擁有約603，082輛貨車，49,355節(jié)車廂，18,922輛機(jī)車，每日運(yùn)行38,000次列車，包括約3，500列旅客列車。除了澳門特別行政區(qū)之外，現(xiàn)行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)所有的省份。譯文中國鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA現(xiàn)在是27頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一2.2008年10月，中國國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)了實(shí)施到2020年的一個新的規(guī)模達(dá)到2萬億元的鐵路投資方案。這一新的計(jì)劃擴(kuò)大了以前宣布的2006至2010年第十一個五年計(jì)劃期間投資額達(dá)1.25萬億元的鐵路建造計(jì)劃。由于投資的增加，中國的鐵路網(wǎng)已經(jīng)由2007年年底的78,000公里增加到2010年年底的91,000公里，而且預(yù)計(jì)到2012年年底會增加到110,000公里。據(jù)認(rèn)為在政府日益重視鐵路發(fā)展的背后，貨物運(yùn)輸量的增長是一大動因，還有就是需要增加運(yùn)力滿足增長的需求。譯文中國鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA現(xiàn)在是28頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一3.中國建造的首條鐵路是1876年建的吳淞鐵路。到了1911年，中國擁有9,000公里的鐵軌，然而，那時的鐵路都是有外國公司設(shè)計(jì)，建造，甚至擁有。第一條由中國人自己設(shè)計(jì)建造的鐵路是1905至1909年修建的京張線，由于多山的地形，這是十分艱巨的一項(xiàng)工程。此線的總工程師是被譽(yù)為中國鐵路之父的詹天佑。譯文中國鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA現(xiàn)在是29頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一4.中華人民共和國成立之后，新政府大力投資鐵路網(wǎng)的建設(shè)。從50年代到70年代，尤其是位于中國西部的鐵路線擴(kuò)長了。修建于1952年至1962年的長達(dá)1900公里蘭州至烏魯木齊線就是其中的一例。在地勢險峻的西南，修建了好幾條穿越大山的鐵路線，有50年代建的寶成線，有70年代建的成昆線。青藏線是難度最大的，這條線最終于2006年建成開行。現(xiàn)在，除了澳門之外，所有的省份都連接在了這一龐大的鐵路網(wǎng)內(nèi)。譯文中國鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA現(xiàn)在是30頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一5-6.不僅中國鐵路網(wǎng)自49年以來得到了擴(kuò)大，中國也在鐵路技術(shù)方面取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。從1990到2001年，平均每年有約1，092公里的新線，837公里的多軌鐵路，以及962公里的電氣化鐵路開行，較之于前十年分別增長了2.4,1.7和1.8倍。2004年底，運(yùn)營的鐵路里程達(dá)到74,200公里，包括24,100公里的多軌線和18,900公里的電氣化線。.到2012年底，中國運(yùn)營鐵路總里程已經(jīng)達(dá)到110,000公里，根據(jù)十二五期間國家鐵路發(fā)展計(jì)劃，預(yù)計(jì)到2015年底總里程將達(dá)120,000公里。譯文中國鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA現(xiàn)在是31頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一6.中國現(xiàn)在已驕傲地建成世界第一大高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)。從全球來看，中國的鐵路運(yùn)量位于世界上最前列，擁有世界6%的運(yùn)營里程，占25%的世界運(yùn)輸總量。此外，中國在運(yùn)量的增長和運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的使用上也遙遙領(lǐng)先。譯文中國鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA現(xiàn)在是32頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一TaskIITaskIVExercisesTaskITaskIII現(xiàn)在是33頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一()1.InChina,almostallrailtransportishandledbythegovernment.()2.ThefirstrailroadinChinadidnotexistuntiltheestablishmentofNewChina.()3.ZhanTianYouwasagreatrailwayengineerinChina.()4.China'srailtransportvolumeisoneoftheworld'slargest,havingsixpercentoftheworld'soperatingrailways,andcarrying25percentoftheworld'stotalrailwayworkload.()5.Chinarailwayisdevelopingveryquicklytomeetthedemandofitseconomicdevelopment.

F

TTI.Decidewetherthefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.

TrueorFalse

T

T現(xiàn)在是34頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一II.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

1.Railtransportisthemostcommonlyusedmodeoflong-distancetransportationinChina.鐵路運(yùn)輸是中國最常用的長途運(yùn)輸方式。2.ThechiefengineerofthisrailwaywasZhanTianyou,whoisknownastheFatherofChina'sRailway.這條鐵路的總工程師是詹天佑，他被譽(yù)為“中國鐵路之父”。

Translation現(xiàn)在是35頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一II.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

3.NotonlyhastheChineserailwaynetworkexpandedinsizesince1949,butithasalsoseengreattechnologicaladvances.自1949年以來，中國鐵路不僅規(guī)模擴(kuò)大，而且也見證了巨大的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。4.AftertheestablishmentofnewChina,thenewgovernmentinvestedheavilyintherailwaynetwork.中華人民共和國成立之后，新政府大力投資鐵路網(wǎng)建設(shè)。Translation現(xiàn)在是36頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一II.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

5.Chinaalsoleadsintermsofthegrowthrateoftransportvolumeanduseoftransportequipment.中國在運(yùn)力增長及運(yùn)輸設(shè)備使用方面遙遙領(lǐng)先。Translation現(xiàn)在是37頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一

InChina,almostallrail_______________arehandledbytheMinistryofRailways..Growthin___________________isthoughttobeoneofthedriversbehindtheincreasedfocusonrail.AftertheestablishmentofnewChina,thegovernmentinvestedheavilyintherailway_______________.Inthe1950sand1960s,severalmountainrailwayswere__________________.

transportfreighttransportnetworkconstructedIII.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsandexpressions.Fillintheblanks現(xiàn)在是38頁\一共有41頁\編輯于星期一3.No