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2021年山東省淄博市公共英語五級(筆試)重點匯總(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________
一、1.ListeningComprehension(15題)1.Bonecontainsnowater.
A.RightB.Wrong
2.Whydoesthespeakersuggestwerisewithayawnandstretch?
A.Becauseitwillhelpkeepyourenergyfortheday'swork.
B.Becauseitwillhelpyoutocontrolyourtemperearlyintheday.
C.Becauseitwillhelpyoutoconcentrateonyourroutinework.
D.Becauseitwillkeepyourenergycycleundercontrolallday.
3.PartC
Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.
Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.
聽力原文:Thetenyearsofthe1960swasaperiodofprofoundchangeinmanypartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeCivilRightsMovementintheearly1960s,andextendingthroughtheVietnamWar,millionsofAmericansbegantochallengeestablishedauthority.Thesemovementswereinitiallypolitical.YoungAmericansdemandedthatgovernmentalpoliciesinracerelationsandinternationalrelationscorrespondtotheidealsofjusticecontainedintheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.Bytheendofthedecade,however,challengestoauthoritywerecarriedfarbeyondpoliticalissuesandweredirectedatthesocialorderanddeeplyrootedculturalpatternsofthecountry.
Thegenerationthatcameofageinthe1960s,theBabyBoomgeneration,soughtchangeinalmosteveryaspectoflifeintheUnitedStates.Forexample,theyexperimentedwithcooperativeeconomicinstitutionsandcommunallivingarrangements,brokesexualtaboos,alteredtheprocessofeducation,explorednon-Westernspiritualtraditions,developedastrongrespectfortheenvironment,andtransformedpopularculture.Asawhole,thesechangesstoodforadifferentsetofculturalvaluesthatprovidedathoroughcritiqueofAmericansocietyasitexistedatthattime.Althoughmany"alternativelifestyles"wereshort-lived,culturalchangesthatbeganinthatperiodhavehadacontinuingeffectonmuchofAmericanlife,particularlyinattitudestowardmale-femalerelations.
Allculturesarecomplex.Theyareacombinationofcloselyrelatedpatternsofsocialinteraction.Asaresult,changesinanimportantaspectofaparticularculturewillusuallyproducechangesthroughoutthesociety.TheWomen'sMovementthatbeganintheUnitedStatesduringthe1960sisatypicalexampleofthisphenomenon.Fromthebeginning,theWomen'sMovementwasinfluencedbyculturalchangesthathadoccurredearlierinthedecade.TheCivilRightsMovementforracialequalityandthedevelopmentofthebirthcontrolpillwereparticularlyimportant—theCivilRightsMovementbecausewomeninvolvedintheeffortforracialjusticebegantoseethemselvesasvictimsofsocialinjustice,andthebirthcontrolpillbecauseitgavewomenreliablecontroloverreproduction.
Social,economic,andlegalequalityandreproductiverightscontinuetobethebasicprinciplesoftheWomen'sMovement.Assomeofthesegoalshavebeenachieved,majorchangeshaveoccurredinbroaderculturalpatternssuchastheeconomyandthefamily.Atthepresenttime,mostofAmericanwomenareemployed.Employmentisnolongerconfinedtosuchtraditionalfemaleoccupationsasteacher,nurse,orsecretary.Womenarenowfoundineveryoccupationandatalllevelsofresponsibilityandauthority.Participationintheeconomyhasgivenmanywomenanindependencethathasallowedthemtochoosewhether,when,andhowtoform.afamily.Workingwomenwithinfamiliesnowarepartofaneconomicpartnershipwithmeninwhichbothadultsprovidesupportforthefamilyunitandareresponsibleforthequalityoflife.
TheWomen'sMovementhasaffectedtherelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninthefamilyinotherwaysaswell.Womenhavechallengedtraditionalsexrolesinthehousehold.Menarenowexpectedtoparticipateinchild-raisinganddomesticactivitiestoamuchgreaterextentthaninthepast.Childbearingisnowamatteroffamilychoice,withwomenhavingthefinaldecisioninfamilyplanning.
Alloftheseculturalchangesarestrengthenedinboththemediaandint
4.Whatdoes"itisasplainasthenoseonyourface"mean?,
A.Itiseasytosolve.
B.Somethinglookslikeyournose.
C.Itissomethingquiteunderstandable.
D.Thereisaplain-lookingnoseonyourface.
5.聽力原文:Yesterdaywediscussedtheproblemofrisingprices,or,intheeconomist'sterms,inflation.Wenotedthat,duringperiodsofinflation,allpricesandincomesdonotriseatthesamerate.Someincomesrisemoreslowlythanthecostofliving,andafewdonotriseatall.Otherincomesrisemorerapidlythanthecostofliving.
Weconcludedthatpersonswithfixedincomes,forexample,theelderlywhodependuponpensions,andpersonswithslow-risingincomesas,forexample,anemployeewithasalaryagreedtoinalong-termcontract,willbemostseriouslyaffectedbyinflation.Pleaserememberthatwhiletheirdollarincomes,staythesame,thecostofgoodsandservicesrises,andineffect,realincomedecreases,thatis,theyareabletopurchaselesswiththesameamountofmoney.
Wealsotalkedaboutthefactthatstockholdersandpersonswithbusinessinterestsandinvestmentswouldprobablybenefitmostfrominflation,sincehighpriceswouldincreasesalesreceipts,andprofitswouldlikelyrisefasterthanthecostofliving.
Andnow,beforewebegintoday'slecture,arethereanyquestionsabouttheterm,inflationoranyoftheexamplesgiveninourdiscussionsofar?
What'sthemainpurposeofthetalk?
A.Tointroducetheconceptofinflation.
B.Todiscussthecausesofinflation.
C.Toreviewyesterday'slectureoninflation.
D.Toargueinfavorofinflation.
6.Ifyoupokeyourtongueintoaholeofyourteeth,itfeelsverytinyandslim.
A.RightB.Wrong
7.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?
A.Computerlabservices.
B.Collegelibraryfacilities.
C.Theuseofmicro-computers.
D.Printoutsfromthelaserprinter.
8.Sugarincoldsweetdrinksslowstheliquidfromgettingintotheblood-stream.
A.TrueB.Fasle
9.Thesuccessofchainschoolsistosomeextentbecauseofthemarketingandadvertising.
A.TrueB.Fasle
10.Accordingtothespeaker,howdodeveloperscontributetothereductionofamphibianpopulation?
A.Bytakingoverponds.
B.Byconstructingsewers.
C.Bybuildingdamsonrivers.
D.Byfloodingmarshes.
11.Besidestheproblemofspeakingtoofast,whatelsewillmakelisteningmoredifficult?
12.Strokevictimssometimesrefusetoregardtheirinjuredsidesaspartsoftheirbodiesbecausetheyareunwillingtoadmittheirdisabilities.
A.RightB.Wrong
13.Howmuchtimedothemanandthewomanhavebeforetheyaddresstheclass?
A.Lessthantenminutes.
B.Abouttwentyminutes.
C.Forty-fiveminutes.
D.Overanhour.
14.PartB
Directions:Youwillhear3conversationsortalksandyoumustanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.YouwillheartherecordingONLYONCE.
聽力原文:Asyouallknow,logstructuresaregainingpopularity.Theyarenolongerjustthesimplecountryhomeswhichwethinkofasthetraditionallogcabin.Someupscalehomesnowincorporatenaturalroundlogsinsealingbeamsandwalls.Peopleseemtothinkthattheroundedlogsgivetheirhomesacozywarmatmosphere.Andevenpeoplewhowanttobuildatraditionallogcabinontheirowncanbuyakitwithprecutlogsthatfittogetherlikepiecesofjigsawpuzzle.Beforeshowingyousomeslidesofmodemloghouses.I'dliketointroducealittlehistoricalbackgroundonthesubject.
Logcabinswerefirstbuiltinthelate1600salongtheDelawareRiverValley.TheEuropeanimmigrantswhosettledtherebroughtcenturiesofoldtraditionsofworkingwithlogs.Andinthisheavilywoodedarealogswerethematerialinhand.Logcabinswerethemostpopularintheearly1800swiththesettlerswhoweremovingwest.Theyprovidedtheanswertothepioneer'sneedforasafeandsturdyhomethatanordinaryfamilycouldbuildquickly.Theyhaddirtfloorsandslidingboardsfor,windows.ButthelogbuildingsthathaveprobablyhadmostinfluenceonmodemarchitectsarethoseofthemountainretreatsofwealthyNewYorkers.Thesecountryhouseswhichwerepopularintheearly1900stypifywhat'sknownastheAdoroundyxstyle.Nowlet'slookatthoseslides.
Whatisthespeakermainlydiscussing?
A.TraditionalEuropeanarchitecture.
B.Techniquesforbuildinglogcabins.
C.Thehistoryoflogstructures.
D.Howtobuildahomeyourself.
15.WhendidDicksongotoBostonforeyetreatment?
A.In1848.
B.Intheearly1850s.
C.Inthelate1850s.
D.Intheearly1860s.
二、2.UseofEnglish(10題)16.(45)
17.
【C13】
18.
【C3】
19.(36)
20.(49)
21.
【C18】
22.(33)
23.(32)
24.(50)
25.
【C17】
三、3.ReadingComprehension(15題)26.Throughouthistorytherehavebeenmanyunusualtaxesleviedonsuchthingsashats,beds,baths,marriages,andfunerals.AtonetimeEnglandleviedataxonsunlightbycollectionfromeveryhouseholdwithsixormorewindows.Andaccordingtolegend,therewasaTurkishrulerwhocollectedataxeachtimehedinedwithoneofhissubjects.Why?Topayforthewearandtearonhisteeth!
Differentkindsoftaxeshelptospreadthetaxburden.Anyonewhopaysataxissaidto"beartheburden"ofthetax.Theburdenofataxmayfallmoreheavilyonsomepersonsthanonothers.Thatiswhythethreelevelsofgovernmentinthiscountryuseseveralkindsoftaxes.Thisspreadstheburdenoftaxesamongmorepeople.Fromthestandpointoftheiruse,themostimportanttaxesareincometaxes,propertytaxes,salestaxes,andestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Someareusedbyonlyonelevelofgovernment;othersbytwoorevenallthreelevels.Togetherthesedifferenttaxesmakeupwhatiscalledourtaxsystem.
Incometaxesarethemainsourceoffederalrevenues.Thefederalgovernmentgetsmorethanthree-fourthsofitsrevenuefromincometaxes.Asitsnameindicated,anincometaxisataxonearnings.Bothindividualsandbusinesscorporationspayafederalincometax.
TheoldesttaxintheUnitedStatestodayisthepropertytax.Itprovidesmostoftheincomeforlocalgovernments.Itprovidesatleastapartoftheincomeforallbutafewstates.Itisnotusedbythefederalgovernment.
Asalestaxisatanleviedonpurchases.MostpeoplelivingindieUnitedStatesknowaboutsalestaxessincetheyareusedinallbutfourstates.Actuallythereareseveralkindsofsalestaxes,butonlythreeofthemareimportant.Theyaregeneralsalestaxes,excisetaxes,andimporttaxes.
Otherthreecloselyrelatedtaxesareestate,inheritance,andgifttaxes.Everythingapersonowns,includingbothrealandpersonalproperty,makesuphisorherestate.Whensomeonedies,ownershipofhisorherpropertyorestatepassesontooneormoreindividualsororganizations.Beforethepropertyistransferred,however,itissubjecttoanestatetaxifitsvalueexceedsacertainamount.
ThereasonthattheTurkishrulercollectedadiningtaxistopayfor______.
A.theinconvenienceforhimtoputonandtakeoffclothes
B.thedamagethateatingdidtohisteeth
C.hiseffortstocutthefoodintopieces
D.thedecayofhisteethbecauseofsugar
27.
Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.
A.thebrainstructureasawhole
B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain
C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes
D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum
28.WorldleadersmetrecentlyatUnitedNationsheadquartersinNewYorkCitytodiscusstheenvironmentalissuesraisedattheRioEarthSummitin1992.TheheadsofstateweresupposedtodecidewhatfurtherstepsshouldbetakentohaltthedeclineofEarth'slife-supportsystems.Infact,thismeetinghadmuchtheflavouroftheoriginalEarthSummit.Towit:emptypromises,hollowrhetoric,bickeringbetweenrichandpoor,andirrelevantinitiatives.ThinkU.S.Congressinslowmotion.
Almostobscuredbythistorporisthefactthattherehasbeensomeremarkableprogressoverthepastfiveyears—realchangesintheattitudeofordinarypeopleintheThirdWorldtowardfamilysizeandadawningrealisationthatenvironmentaldegradationandtheirownwell-beingareintimately,andinversely,linked.Almostnoneofthis,however,hasanythingtodowithwhatthebureaucratsaccomplishedinRio.
Oritdidn'taccomplish.OneitemontheagendaatRio,forexample,wasarenewedefforttosavetropicalforests.(ApreviousUN-sponsoredinitiativehadfallenapartwhenitbecameclearthatitactuallyhasteneddeforestation.)AfterRio,aUNworkinggroupcameupwithmorethan100recommendationsthathavesofargonenowhere.Oneproposedforestrypactwoulddolittlemorethanimmunizingwood-exportingnationsagainsttradesanctions.
AnefforttodraftanagreementonwhattodoabouttheclimatechangescausedbyCO2andothergreenhousegaseshasfaredevenworse.BlockedbytheBushAdministrationfromsettingmandatorylimits,theUNin1992calledonnationstovoluntarilyreduceemissionsto1990levels.Severalyearslater,it'sasifRiohadneverhappened.AnewclimatetreatyisscheduledtobesignedthisDecemberinKyoto,Japan,butgovernmentsstillcannotagreeontheselimits.Meanwhile,theU.S.produces7%moreCO2thanitdidin1990,andemissionsinthedevelopingworldhaverisenevenmoresharply.Noonewouldconfusethe“Rioprocess”withprogress.
Whilegovernmentshaveditheredatapacethatcouldmakedriftingcontinentsimpatient,peoplehaveacted.Birth-ratesaredroppingfasterthanexpected,notbecauseofRiobutbecausepoorpeoplearedecidingontheirowntoreducefamilysize.Anotherpositivedevelopmenthasbeenagrowingenvironmentalconsciousnessamongthepoor.FromslumdwellersinKarachi,Pakistan,tocolonistsinRondonia,Brazil,urbanpoorandruralpeasantsalikeseemtorealizethattheypaythebiggestpriceforpollutionanddeforestation.Thereiscauseforhopeaswellinthegrowingrecognitionamongbusinesspeoplethatitisnotintheirlong-terminteresttofightenvironmentalreforms.JohnBrowne,chiefexecutiveofBritishPetroleum,boldlyassertedinamajorspeechinMaythatthethreatofclimatechangecouldnolongerbeignored.
Thewriter'sgeneralattitudetowardstheworldleadersmeetingattheUNis______.
A.supportiveB.impartialC.criticalD.comedic
29.
Theauthorimpliesinthesecondparagraphthat______.
A.theproposaloftheDepartmentofJusticeisunjustified
B.surveillanceofanysuspectcommunicationisnecessary
C.civillibertiesgroupsshouldnothaveshownsuchgreatconcern
D.exceptionsshouldbemadeininterceptingcommunications
30.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
Answerquestions71~80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorDandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=BewitchedB=SavingPrivateRyanC=TeamAmerica:WorldPoliceD=Godfather
Whichmovie...
tellsthestoryaboutthelastgreatwar?71.______
illustrateshowviolencecandestroyahumansoul?72.______
describestheimageofAmericaasthedominatefigureintheworld?73.______
influencesmostmoviesconcerningthecriminalelementsnowadays?74.______
representsthetensionrelationbetweenAmericaandFrance?75.______
isconsideredasthetopfivemoviesallthetime?76.______
tellsthestoryaboutretrievingthelastoneoffourbrothersinthewar?77.______
describesthestoryofarealwitchwhowasaskedtoacttheroleofanimaginarywitchaccidentally?78.______
wassimplyregardedasamovieaboutgangstersonce?79.______
wasadaptedfromaclassicTVsituationcomedy?80.______
ABewitched
"Bewitched"isapainfullyembarrassingremakeoftheclassicTVsitcomthatranonABCfrom1964-1972.Theseries,abouta"mixed"marriagebetweenahigh-flyingsorceressandanearthboundmortal,boastssomeofthemostfamiliarandiconicimagesintelevisionhistory.
WriterNoraEphronhasover-thoughttheconcepttosuchanextentthatshehasmanagedtostripawaymostoftheelementsthatmadetheseriesworkinthefastplace.Themovieisn'ttechnicallya"remake"of"Bewitched"sincethewitchplayedbyNicoleKidmanisn'ttheSamanthaStevensoftheseriesbutratherasinglewomannamedIsabelBigelowwhogetstoplaySamanthaStephensonTV.It'sallverychicandcomplicated,yousee,butthestorygoessomethinglikethis.tiredofthelifeofinstantgratificationthatwitchcraftsoeasilyaffordsher,Isabelhasdecidedtostrikeoutonherownasatotallyself-reliantmortal,movingintoatracthomeintheSanFernandoValleyandvowingtogetthroughtheremainderofherdayswithoutthebenefitofwitchcraft.Oneafternoonwhileatabookstore,sheisspottedbyoneJackWyatt,apompous,self-centeredmovieactorwhosecareerandpersonallifehavebothbeeninthetankoflateandwhoishopingtoatleastjumpstarttheformerbytakingontheroleofDarrinStevensinanewversionoftheoldseries.OneglimpseofIsabel'snose-twitchingabilityconvinceshimthatthisnon-actresswouldbeperfectforthepart,sowewindup,intruePirandellianfashion,withafictionalTVwitchbeingplayedbyanhonest-to-Godreallifewitch.
BSavingPrivateRyan
WorldWarIIwasapivotaleventofthe20thcenturyandadefiningmomentforAmericaandtheworld.Itshiftedthebordersoftheglobe.Itforeverchangedthosewholivedthroughit,andshapedgenerationstocome.Ithasbeencalled"thelastgreatwar".
NothingcouldhavepreparedthesoldiersatOmahaBeachforthebattletheyareabouttowage.Filledwithhopeandresolve,noneofthemknowsiftheywillsurvivethesmallstripofbeachaheadofthem.AshiseyesscantheNormandycoast,CaptainJohnMiller(TOMHANKS)believesthatgettinghimselfandhismenpastthegauntletisthegreatestchallengehehasfacedinthewar.Buthismostdifficulttaskstillliesahead.
Evenasthealliedforcesbegintogetafootholda
31.(79)
32.(67)
33.
Accordingtothepassage,speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendgenerallytohavewhichofthefollowingeffects?
A.Theytendtomodifythestereotypesemployeesoftenholdconcerningwomen.
B.Theyincreasetheadvantagetoemployersofhiringmeninsteadofwomen,makingitlesslikelythatwomenwillbehired.
C.Theydecreasethelikelihoodthatemployerswilloffermoreprotectiontowomenworkersthanthatwhichisabsolutelyrequiredbylaw.
D.Theyincreasethetendencyofemployerstodenyhealthinsuranceanddisabilityplanstowomenworkers.
34.(77)
35.
Theword"cleared"(Line4,Paragraph3)mightmean______.
A.permittedB.removedC.provedD.produced
36.
Themeaningoftheword"anomaly"inthesecondlineof4thparagraphis______.
A.somethingstrange
B.enjoyablethings
C.anormally
D.comparison
37.PartB
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Itwasamomentmostbusinessexecutiveswouldpausetosavor:latelastyear,GermansportinggoodspioneerAdidaslearnedthatafteryearsofdecliningmarketshare,thecompanyhadsprintedpastU.S.ReebokInternationaltotakethesecondplacebehindNikeintheraceforworldwidesales.ButRobertLouis-Dreyfus,therumpledFrenchmanwhonowrunsAdidas,anddidn'tevenstopforoneofhistrademarkHavanacigarsincelebration,worriedthatthecompanywouldgrowcomplacent.Instead,heandagroupoffriendsboughtFrenchsoccerclubOlympicdeMarseille"Nowthat'ssomethingIhavedreamedaboutsinceIwasakid."Louis-Dreyfussayswithanadolescentgrin.
66.______
Withsalesinthefirstthreequartersof1996at$2.5billion,upablithering30.7%over1995,it'shardtorecallthedismalshapeAdidaswasinwhenLouis-DreyfustookoveraschairmaninApril1993.Foundedin1920byAdiDassler,theinventorofthefirstshoesdesignedespeciallyforsports,thecompanyenjoyedanearmonopolyinathleticshoesuntilanupstartcalledNikeappearedinthe1970sandrodetherunningfadtoriches.Bytheearly1990sAdidashadcomeunderthecontrolofFrenchbusinessmanBernardTapie,whowaslaterjailedforbribingthreeFrenchsoccerplayers.AlthoughthecompanytriedtospruceupitsstaidimagewithateamofAmericandesigners,Adidaslostmorethan$100millionin1992,promptingtheFrenchbanksthathadacquiredcontrolofthecompanyfromTapietobeginadesperatesearchforanewowner.
67.______
Thepoker-lovingLouis-Dreyfusknewhehadbeendealtawinninghand.FollowingtheleadsetbyNikeinthe1970s,hemovedproductiontolow-wagefactoriesinChina,IndonesiaandThailandandsoldAdidas'EuropeanfactoriesforatokenoneDeutschemarkapiece.HehiredPeterMoore,aformerproductdesigneratNike,ascreativedirector,andsetupstudiosinGermanyfortheEuropeanmarketandinPortland,Oregon,fortheU.S.Hethenriskedeverythingbydoublinghisadvertisingbudget."Wewentfromamanufacturingcompanytoamarketingcompany,"saysLouis-Dreyfus."Itdidn'ttakeagenius—youjusthadtolookatwhatNikeandReebokweredoing.Itwaseasierforsomeonecomingfromtheoutside,withnobaggage,todoit,thanforsomebodyfrominsidethecompany."
68.______
"ThemarketingatAdidasisvery,verygoodrightnow,"saysEugenioDiMaria,editorofSportingGoodIntelligence,anindustrynewsletterperceivingAdidasasaveryyoungbrand."Thecompanyisparticularlystronginapparel,muchstrongerthanNikeandReebok."
Although90%ofAdidasproductsforwearonstreetinsteadofsportsfields,Louis-DreyfusfeltthepreviousmanagementhadlostsightofAdidas'rootsasasportingproductscompany.Afterall,AdiDasslerinventedthescrew-instudforthesoccershoeandshodAmericanchampionJesseOwensinthe1936Olympics.Sohesoldofforfoldedothernon-corebrandsthatAdidashaddeveloped,includingLeCoqSportif,ArenaandPony.Europeisstillthecompany'slargestmarketbecauseAdidasdominatestheapparelindustryandthankstosoccer'smassivepopularitythere,Louis-Dreyfttsisquicktosharecreditfortheturnaroundwithasmallgroupoffriendswhoboughtthecompanywithhimin1993.OneofthosefellowinvestorsisaformerIMScolleague,ChristianTourres,nowsalesdirectoratAdidas."We'reprettycomplementarybecauseI'mabitofadreamer,soit'sgoodtohavesomebodyknockingonyourheadtoremindyouthere'sabudget,"saysLouis-Dreyfus.
Commutingtothefirm
38.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=HydropowerB=NuclearpowerC=SolarpowerD=WindpowerWhichpower(power's)...
wasdevelopedtoprovideelectricityforsatellitesatthebeginning?71.______
canpromotetourismdevelopment?72.______
maygiveoffdangerousradioactivepollutionintotheair?73.______
mayaffectthedownstreamwaterqualityandhaveanimpactonplantlife?74.______
stationscanincreasetofullpowerveryquickly?75.______
producessmallamountsofwaste?76.______
isagoodmethodofsupplyingenergytoremoteareas?77.______
providesaround20%oftheworld'selectricity?78.______
canbeusedtoheatyourwaterathomeinsteadofsomuchgasorelectricity?79.______
isnotrenewable?80.______
A
Hydropower
Introduction
Wehaveusedrunningwaterasanenergysourceforthousandsofyears,mainlytogrindcorn.
ThefirsthouseintheworldtobelitbyhydroelectricitywasCragsideHouse,inNorthumberland,England,in1878.In1882ontheFoxRiver,intheUSA,hydroelectricityproducedenoughpowertolighttwopapermillsandahouse.
Nowadaystherearemanyhydro-electricpowerstations,providingaround20%oftheworld'selectricity.Thenamecomesfrom"hydro",theGreekwordforwater.
Howitworks
Adamisbuilttotrapwater,usuallyinavalleywherethereisanexistinglake.
Waterisallowedtoflowthroughtunnelsinthedam,toturnturbinesandthusdrivegenerators.
Advantages
Oncethedamisbuilt,theenergyisvirtuallyfree.
Nowasteorpollutionproduced.
Muchmorereliablethanwind,solarorwavepower.
Watercanbestoredabovethedamreadytocopewithpeaksindemand.
Hydro-electricpowerstationscanincreasetofullpowerveryquickly,unlikeotherpowerstations.
Disadvantages
Thedamsareveryexpensivetobuild.
Buildingalargedamwillfloodaverylargeareaupstream,causingproblemsforanimalsthatusedtolivethere.
Findingasuitablesitecanbedifficult—theimpactonresidentsandtheenvironmentmaybeunacceptable.
Waterqualityandquantitydownstreamcanbeaffected,whichcanhaveanimpactonplantlife.
Isitrenewable?
Hydro-electricpowerisrenewable.
TheSunprovidesthewaterbyevaporationfromthesea,andwillkeepondoingso.
B
Nuclearpower
Introduction
NuclearpowerisgeneratedusingUranium,whichisametalminedinvariouspartsoftheworld.
Thefirstlarge-scalenuclearpowerstationopenedatCalderHallinCambria,England,in1956.
Somemilitaryshipsandsubmarineshavenuclearpowerplantsforengines.
Howitworks
Nuclearpowerstationsworkinprettymuchthesamewayasfossilfuel-burningstations,exceptthata"chainreaction"insideanuclearreactormakestheheatinstead.
ThereactorusesUraniumrodsasfuel,andtheheatisgeneratedbynuclearfission.Neutronssmashintothenucleus
39.PartB
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Supermarketshoppershaveneverbeenmorespoiltforchoice.Butjustwhenwethoughttraditionalsystemsofselectivefarminghadcreatedthemosttemptingarrayoffoodsmoneycanbuy,wearen
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