2020考研英語二真題附答案解析

2020考研英語?真題附答案解析Directions:20考20研英語（?）真題及解析完整版SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWER(10points)Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,2,ayoungersibling.3,There’sanothersortofparentthatsabiteasierto4:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy6.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedaareunabletomaintaina7andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe9happens:Youloseyoeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyclockandstartover,We’veallbeenthere:12,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue.youcansayschildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamaget0yourrelationshipwith.yourchildbutalso14yourchild’sself-esteem.Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids.thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalconareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergenerationthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskillsCertainly,it’sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal.youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomenphysicallyandemotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]inaddition[B]forexample[C]atonce[D]byaccident3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turnback[B]takeapart[C]setaside[D]coverup12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect

15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat—onesocialandoneasocial—for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetosideNext,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We’dassumedwe’dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining[D]sendoutwarmingmessagestotheirfellow22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.[C]ItsetthetrappedTatsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence[D]consideredthataninterestinggame24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.[A]canrememberotherrat’sfacialfeatures[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings(B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpectedText2ItisfashionabletodaytobashBigBusiness.Andthereisoneissueonwhichthemanycriticsagree:CEOpay.WehearthatCEOsarepaidtoomuch(ortoomuchrelativetoworkers),orthattheyrigothers’pay,orthattheirpayisinsufficientlyrelatedtopositiveoutcomes.ButthemorelikelytruthisCEOpayislargelycausedbyintensecompetition.ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup—toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporation—fromthe350largestsuchcompanies—nowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.Whileindividualcasesofoverpaymentdefinitelyexist,ingeneral,thedeterminantsofCEOpayarenotsomysteriousandnotsomiredincorruption.Infact,overallCEOcompensationforthetopcompaniesrisesprettymuch.Inlockstepwiththevalueofthosecompaniesonthestockmarket.ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpay,though,isthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica’shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany.”CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere’sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.Thereisyetanothertrend:virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,onewayoranother.Anagribusinesscompany,forinstance,mayfocusonR&DinhighlyIT-intensiveareassuchasgenomesequencing.Similarly,itishardtodoagoodjobrunningtheWaltDisneyCompanyjustbypickinggoodmoviescriptsandcourtingstars;youalsoneedtobuildafirmcapableofcreatingsignificantCGIproductsforanimatedmoviesatthehighestlevelsoftechnicalsophisticationandwithmanyfrontierinnovationsalongtheway.Ontopofallofthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodothejobtheyhavealwaysdone—whichincludesmotivatingemployees,servingasaninternalrolemodel,helpingtodefineandextendacorporateculture,understandingtheinternalaccounting,andpresentingbudgetsandbusinessplanstotheboard.GoodCEOsaresomeoftheworld’smostpotent

creatorsandhavesomeoftheverydeepestskillsofunderstanding.26.whichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?A.ThegrowthinthenumberofcooperationsB.ThegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomyC.IncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirmsD.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomics/doc/1b97bdeabdd126fff705cc1755270722192e59b1.htmlparedwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto.A.fosterastrongersenseofteamworkB.financemoreresearchanddevelopmentC.establishclosertieswithtechcompaniesD.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite.A.continualinternaloppositionB.strictcorporategovernanceC.conservativebusinessstrategiesD.repeatedgovernancewarnings29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps.A.confirmthestatusofCEOsB.motiveinsidecandidatesC.boosttheefficiencyofCEOsD.increasecorporatevalue30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.A.CEOsAreNotOverpaidB.CEOPay:PastandPresentC.CEOs’ChallengesofTodayD.CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefineText3MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.MayorJoseLuisMartínez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.That’sbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers—whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles—ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.It’snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabig

issueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon’sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents'healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,stokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.Butmayorsandcouncilorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments—Britain’sandothersacrossEurope—havefailedtodoso.Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas—citycentres,“schoolstreets”,evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid’scleanairzone?[A]Itseffectsarequestionable[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge[C]Itneedstougherenforcement[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon’sUlezwill.[A]arousestrongresistance.[B]ensureKhan’selectoralsuccess.[C]improvethecity’straffic.[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?[A]Localresidents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]Nationalgovernments.35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervisionText4NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthis

generationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat’stighterthanitsbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.If“entitled”isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thosebornbetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren’tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities[B]areinfavorofjoboffers[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations[D]howvaluableacounselor’sadviceis38.Theword“assuage”(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto.[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining[C]thinkithardtoachievework-lifebalance[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob40.Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare.[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]morediligent

[D]moregenerousPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.[B]Putonagoodface,always.[C]Tailoryourinteractions.[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.[E]Reveal,don’thideinformation.[F]Slowdownandlisten.[G]Putyourselvesinothers’shoes.FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOfficeIsitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwiththemeverydayandyoudependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyourside.41.[E]Reveal,don’thideinformation.Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrystaytight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon’tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowerefrankaboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonisnotthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventheoptiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforpainstakinglyconcealthem,youshouldjustbehonest.42.[F]Slowdownandlisten.Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.Weoftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit’saconcernaboutaproject,astraythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketimetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon’tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,back-and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyourownthoughts.43.[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.It’scommontohavea“cubiclemate”orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.Butinadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindoutaboutallthepeoplearound/doc/1b97bdeabdd126fff705cc1755270722192e59b1.htmleyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwithcolleaguesyoudon’talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthejob.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.Thiswillhelptogrowyourinternalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.44.[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon’thavetobesomeone’sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.Thiswillhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon’toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativetopositive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.45.[C]Tailoryourinteractions.Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwaytoachievingresults.Rememberindealingwithany

coworkerwhattheyappreciatefromaninteraction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmalltalkinameetingbeforediggingintoimportantmatters,whileotheraremorestraightforward.Jokesthatworkonepersonwon’tnecessarilylandwithanother.So,adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthatyou’redealingwithinadvanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesiredoutcome.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)It’salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindoffailure.Peoplewhodosoprobablylivesocautiouslythattheygonowhere.Putsimply,they'renotreallylivingatall.But,thewonderfulthingaboutfailureisthatit'sentirelyuptoustodecidehowtolookatit.Wecanchoosetoseefailureas“theendoftheworld,”orasproofofjusthowinadequateweare.Or,wecanlookatfailureastheincrediblelearningexperiencethatitoftenis.Everytimewefailatsomething.wecanchoosetolookforthelessonwe’remeanttolearn.Theselessonsareveryimportant,they’rehowwegrow,andhowwekeepfrommakingthatsamemistakeagain.Failuresstopusonlyifweletthem.Failurecanalsoteachusthingsaboutourselvesthatwewouldneverhavelearnedotherwise.Forinstance,failurecanhelpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelpyoufindunexpectedmotivationtosucceed.【參考譯?】?的??總要經(jīng)歷?些失敗。有些??活極其??翼翼（謹慎）以?于他們哪?也沒去過。簡?之，他們根本沒?活過。但是，失敗的美妙之處在于，這完全取決于我們看待它的?式。我們可以選擇視失敗為“世界末?”，或僅是我們能?不?的證明，亦或可以將其看作學習經(jīng)驗，盡管有點讓?難以置信。每次的失敗，我們都能選擇把它看作本要掌握的經(jīng)驗。這些經(jīng)驗?分重要，它們關乎我們?nèi)绾纬砷L以及如何避免再次犯錯。只有我們允許失敗阻攔我們時，它才會阻?我們前?。失敗也讓我們更加了??，?這些是我們之前從未意識到的。例如，失敗讓我們發(fā)現(xiàn)??是多么強?，失敗也能幫你發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的朋友，或者幫你發(fā)現(xiàn)通往成功的出乎意料的動?。SectionIVWritingPartA46.Directions:Supposeyouareplanningatourofahistoricalsiteforagroupofinternationalstudents.Writeanemailto1)tellthemaboutthesite,and2)givethemsometipsforthetourPleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname,use“LiMing”instead.(10points)【?作?】【參考范?】Dearfriends,AsamemberoftheStudentsUnion,Iamwritingthislettertoinformyouthat

wearegoingtovisittheForbiddenCitynext