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第1講:名詞

名詞當(dāng)然是大家都很熟悉的了,我們吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes都是名詞。Itiseasy,right?

但是你可能被名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、名詞作定語以及名詞所有格等問題搞得糊里糊涂的,到底該怎么

用呢?OK,followme。

First,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。

普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或-es,可是偏偏有一些名詞不聽話,變化不規(guī)則。這些小

調(diào)皮是:

a.class,box,watch,brush等詞以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)要加-es;

b.story,factory等以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y變成-i再加-es;

c.knife,wife,life等以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞?般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es;

d.以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般來說,末尾是“元音字母+。"的詞加-s,我們學(xué)過的有radio,zoo。末尾

是"輔音字母+o"的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)加-es。如:tomato,hero,potato,當(dāng)然其中的piano和photo,又是一個(gè)

例外,他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。

e.child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),mouse(mice),man(men),woman(women)

等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。

注意:與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,two

Englishmen.但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans:

f.deer,sheep等詞更是懶得可以,竟然單復(fù)數(shù)同形。好記好記。people,police,cattle等詞,以單

數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),所以它們的謂語當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式,這就是集體名詞。theEnglish,the

French,theChinese等名詞表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),也作復(fù)數(shù)用。

注意:maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,雖然以-s結(jié)尾,仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnitedStates(美

H),theUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國(guó))等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。

別奇怪,名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語的。它作定語時(shí)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。

a.man,woman等作定語時(shí),它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:menworkers,

womenteachers<>

b.數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí),這個(gè)名詞??般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如:aten-milewalk卜里路,

two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹。

哇!這些問題好復(fù)雜,我好想輕松一下。那我們就輕輕松松地面對(duì)名詞所有格問題。

這里面內(nèi)容可謂少之又少,可也不能小視呦。

名詞所有格:

表示”的”通常是在名詞的后面加?s,如:Children^day,father'sshoes□但以?s結(jié)尾的名詞因

為已經(jīng)有s了,只需加’就OK了。如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有I,.則表示“分別有二.如:John's

andMary'sroom(約翰和瑪麗各有一間,共兩間);兩個(gè)名詞并列,只有一個(gè)'s,則表示“共有“。如:

JohnandMary'sroom(約翰和瑪麗共有一間)。

還有些無生命名詞的所屬要用介詞of來幫助一下,如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm。

好,名詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完,Idsapieceofcake?接下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,

Areyouready?

練習(xí):

1.Alltheteachersandstudentsarehavingameetingthere.

A.women??,girls

B.women***girl

C.woman??,girls

D.woman,,,girl

2.MrBlackisafriendof.

A.Jack*saunt's

B.Jack'saunt

C.Jackaunfs

D.aunt'sofJack

3.Thistoywasmadebyaboy.

A.ten-year-old

B.ten-years-old

C.ten-year-older

D.ten-years-older

4.Thefarmerraisedten.

A.sheeps

B.deers

C.horse

D.cows

5.Shelookedatussadlywithhereyesaslargeas.

A.hergrandmother

B.hergrandmother^

C.hergrandmothers*

D.thatofhergrandmother

6.Wehavemovedintoa.

A.two-storeyhouse

B.houseoftwostorey

C.two-storeyshouse

D.twostoreyshouse

7.Thewastoomuchforthechildtocarry.

A.box*ssteel

B.boxofasteel

C.steelbox

D.boxofthesteel

8.WellgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor.

A.theTeacher'sDay

B.Teacher'sDay

C.aTeacher'sDay

D.Teachers'Day

9.LiPingmetanoldfriendofonatrainyesterday.

A.he

B.him

C.his

D.her

10.arebigandbright.

A.Theclassroomwindow

B.Thewindowoftheclassroom

C.Thewindowsoftheclassroom

D.Theclassroom'swindows

實(shí)戰(zhàn):

1.Don'tworry.Yoursonwillcomebackinhour.

A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

2.Thisniceblouseisn'tmine.It's.

A.you

B.your

C.Lucy

D.yours

3.What's'*potato"inChinese?—It's.

A.香蕉

B.大白菜

C.西紅柿

D.土豆

4.Theninthmonthofayearis.

A.December

B.November

C.September

D.October

5.A:MustIleavenow?

B:No,you.

A.needn't

B.mustnt

C.don't

D.won't

6.WehaveahistorylessonWednesdayafternoon.

A.on

B.of

C.at

D.to

7.SuanhasmadequitefriendssinceshecametoChina.

A.few

B.afew

C.little

D.alittle

8.A:HaveyouevertotheWestLake?

B:Yes,Itherelastwinter.

A.gone,went

B.been,went

C.gone,havebeen

D.been,have

9.DoyouEnglish?

A.tell

B.say

C.talk

D.speak

10.A:MayIyourruler?

B:OK,Tmgladtoittoyou.

A.lend,borrow

B.lend,lend

C.borrow,lend

D.borrow,borrow

11.We'llgotothemuseumifittomorrow.

A.can'train

B.won'train

C.don'train

D.doesn'trian

12.Doyouknow?

A.wheredoeshestudy

B.hestudieswhere

C.wherehestudies

D.hewherestudies

13.A:doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?

B:Onceamonth

A.Howoften

B.Howlong

C.howmuch

D.howmany

14.A:Wouldyoulikeanothercupoforange?

B:Pmfull.

A.No,thanks

B.Yes,please.

C.Hereitis.

D.Idon*tlike.

15.Youmustbetired.Whynotarest?

A.tostoptohave

B.stophaving

C.stoptohave

D.tostophaving

第2講:代詞

我們剛剛講完了名詞,現(xiàn)在再來看看名詞的brother-代詞。它與名詞的作用其實(shí)很相似,所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

句中成分也相差不多。但也別小看代詞呀!它還有很多的“小個(gè)性”呢!只要抓住它的幾個(gè)“小脾

氣”,那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。

代詞中第一個(gè)“小個(gè)性”就是物主代詞。像my和mine這兩個(gè)小冤家總是讓人分不清誰是誰。

但你只要記住它們最重要的區(qū)別一my的后面一定要接名詞,不可以單獨(dú)出現(xiàn),只能做定語,如:

myfather;而mine則是名詞性,只能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn),在句中做主語和表語。如:Mineisgreen.It'smine.

記住這兩個(gè)句子,凡是名詞性物主代詞(yours,hers,his,its,ours,theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置

上了。這樣,通過它們出現(xiàn)的位置不同,我們就可以把它們區(qū)別開了。

代詞的第二個(gè)“羅嗦”就是它有一個(gè)小跟班一self(selves)一反身代詞,也就是表示“自己、親自”

的意思。關(guān)于反身代詞,需要注意的是她不能單獨(dú)做主語,但可以放在人稱代詞后面,做同位語。

如:Marryherselfsaidso.瑪麗她自己這么說的。(不能說Herselfsaidso.)下面我給你開點(diǎn)小灶,單

獨(dú)講一講須“特特”注意的地方。

Of+名詞性物主代詞:of+物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格。公式為:a(an,this,由at)+名詞+of+名

詞性物主代詞。牢記公式,舉一反三。因?yàn)槲镏鞔~不可與a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,no,

each,every,such,another等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。如:afriendofmine

(我的一個(gè)朋友),eachbrotherofhis(他的每?個(gè)兄弟).

some,any的用法:我們都知道some用于肯定句中,而any則用于否定句和疑問句中。所以

somebody,someone也用于肯定句中,而anybody、anyone則用于否定和疑問句中。

注意:在Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(要來點(diǎn)咖啡嗎?)這樣的肯定疑問句中,說話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方

的答案會(huì)是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時(shí),用some而不用any。

every和each的用法:every強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念,指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè)),不可單獨(dú)使用;

each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。指兩個(gè)以上的人或物(含兩個(gè)),可單獨(dú)使用Everystudentinourschoolworks

hard.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。)Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..(每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有?本書。)

both,either,neither的用法:

both意為“兩者全都”,與復(fù)數(shù)連用。either意為“兩者中間的任何一個(gè)",neither表示“兩者

之間一個(gè)也不是",與單數(shù)連用。如:BothofthethemcomefromLondon。他們兩人都是倫敦人。You

maytakeeitherwithyouo兩個(gè)中間你隨便帶哪個(gè)都行。Neitheriscorrecto兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。

Few,afew和little,alittle的用法:

Few,afew用來代替和修飾可數(shù)名詞,little,alittle用來代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞;afew和alittle

著重肯定意思,相當(dāng)于漢語“有幾個(gè)”,“有一點(diǎn)兒”;few和little著重否定意思,相當(dāng)于漢語“沒

有幾個(gè)”,“沒有多少”

OK,代詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完,1六apieceofcake?接下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,

Areyouready?

練習(xí):

1.Wehadplentyofpaperbutink.

A.afew

B.few

C.notmany

D.notmuch

2.Learningaforeignlanguageisespeciallydifficultforthosewhohavehaveneverlearned

before.

A.one

B.it

C.them

D.that

3.We'reverybusybecausewe'vesobookstoreadandsohomeworktodoeveryday.

A.much...many

B.many...much

C.many...alot

D.alot...much

4.1thoughtofthematterbutstillcouldn*tfindoutthereason.

A.every

B.both

C.nothing

D.everything

5.Mycarisnotsoexpensiveas.

A.him

B.he's

C.he

D.his

6.LilyandLucyhavearrived,butstudentsaren'thereyet.

A.other

B.others

C.theother

D.theothers

7.Therearehighbuildingsonsideofthestreet.

A.both

B.every

C.any

D.either

8.—Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?

-eggsandmilk.

ALittle...afew

B.Alittle...alittle

C.Afew...alittle

D.Afew...afew

9.isdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.

A.Something

B.Anything

C.Nothing

D.Everything

10.Isthisstorythesameasinthatbook?

A.theone

B.what

C.that

D.it

實(shí)戰(zhàn):

1.Thereisoldwomaninthecar.

A.不填

B.the

C.a

D.an

2.WeoftengototheparkSundays.

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.from

3.Mybookonthedesk.

A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be

4.Whichlanguageis,English,FrenchorChinese?

A.difficult

B.thedifficult

C.moredifficult

D.themostdifficult

5._bookisthis?

—It,sKate's.

A.when

B.Why

C.Where

D.whose

6.—CanyouwritealetterinEnglish?

-No,I.

A.maynot

B.mustnrt

C.can't

D.needn't

7.1myhomeworkwhenMikecamelastnight.

A.do

B.wasdoing

C.amdoing

D.havedone

8.HebegantoEnglishthreeyearsago.

A.learn

B.learns

C.learned

D.learning

9.Jimisadriver,he?

A.does

B.doesn't

C.is

D.isn't

10.nWhat'swrongyou?"thedoctorasked.

A.from

B.with

C.for

D.at

11.Heisrich,heisn'thappy.

A.or

B.so

C.and

D.but

12.—WhereisAlice?

-Shetothelibrary.

A.goes

B.willgo

C.hasgone

D.hadgone

13."Helptosomefish,Mary."Myauntsaidtome.

A.themselves

B.ourselves

C.yourself

D.himself

14.Wellstayathomeifittomorrow.

A.rain

B.rains

C.israining

D.willrain

15.Thestudentsonafarmfortendays.Thentheytoafactory.

Thoughtheybackschool,theystillrememberthosefarmersandworkers.

A.havestayed,went,was

B.hadstayed,go,are

C.havestayed,go,havebeen

D.havestayed,went,were

第3講:形容詞

Springiscoming.Thetreesaregreen,andtheflowersarebeautiful.

多么美的季節(jié)??!我們要去郊游,去感受、去描繪我們周圍美好的事物。形容詞會(huì)幫你忙??墒切?/p>

容詞怎么使用起來老出錯(cuò)呀?不是放錯(cuò)了位置,搞錯(cuò)了級(jí)別,就是在使用多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)排錯(cuò)

了順序。當(dāng)然了,形容詞使用時(shí)需要遵循一些規(guī)則的。想知道嗎?接著往下看。

abeautifullittlenewwhitewoodenhouse從這個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的詞中可以看出多個(gè)形容詞作

定語時(shí)排列有一定的先后順序。它們往往遵循以下規(guī)律:冠詞或人稱代詞所有格+數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+

大小+形狀+表示老少、新舊+顏色+事物質(zhì)地、人的國(guó)籍、用途。其實(shí),你大可不必這樣費(fèi)神記,只要

記住我給你的句子就可以了。

Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike?這句話可能讓你撓撓頭皮,為什么wrong放在

something的后面呢?原來雖然大部分形容詞做定語時(shí)的位置是放在名詞之前的,但當(dāng)形容詞所

修飾的詞為something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing為字尾的詞語時(shí),形容詞要后置。

形容詞級(jí)別問題:

a.Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs。(我們的教室是他們的兩倍。)這種表示倍數(shù)的句子用…

times+形容詞比較級(jí)+lhan…這樣的格式。你記住了嗎?

b.I'mthreeyearsolderthanyou.(我比你大三歲。)表示“大三歲,”"高二座米"等時(shí)用”表示數(shù)量詞的

詞+比較級(jí)工

c.”越來越..."用"比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”來表示。如:Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer<.(地

球變得越來越暖和。)

d.”越...就越“用"the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…”來表示。如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhe

feelso(他越忙,越覺得高興。)

最高級(jí)用法的用法就很簡(jiǎn)單了,提醒你一點(diǎn),最高級(jí)要用于三者以上。還有幾點(diǎn)是不得不提的:

alone和lonely:Ifeellonely,becauseIamaloneathome.你獨(dú)自一人在家用

''alone"表示"單獨(dú)的“、”獨(dú)自一人的”,它表示一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),在句中只能做表語。你在家感到

寂寞,

用“l(fā)onely”,表示主觀上感到“孤獨(dú)““寂寞”,指一種悲傷憂郁的情緒,可作定語和表語。

older和elder:Jackisolderthanme,heismyelderbrother.杰克比我大要用"older”,表示“年紀(jì)大的,

年老的”,常用做表語;他是我的長(zhǎng)兄用"elder”,表示“年老的,年長(zhǎng)的”,用做定語,只用于比較兩

個(gè)人的長(zhǎng)幼,只能作表語。

接下來又到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?

練習(xí):

1.Tonyisgoingcampingwith_boys.

A.littletwoother

B.twolittleother

C.twootherlittle

D.littleothertwo

2.Whichisthecountry,JapanorAustralia?

A.moredeveloped

B.moredeveloping

C.mostdeveloped

D.mostdeveloping

3.—HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?

—Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside.

A.fewlastsunny

B.lastfewsunny

C.lastsunnyfew

D.fewsunnylast

4.Thebooksarenottobepublished.

A.enoughintersting

B.interestingenough

C.sointeresting

D.toointeresting

5.What'syoursports?

A.themostfavorite

B.mostfavorite

C.favorite

D.thefavorite

6.There*swiththerecorder

A.anythingwrong

B.wronganything

C.somethingwrong

D.wrongsomething

7.Hissisteristhanhe.

A.youngerfiveyears

B.fiveyearsyounger

C.fiveyearyounge

D.fiveyoungeryears

8.-WeshouldspeakEnglishinandafterclass.

-Yes,,?

A.more,better

B.themore,thebette

C.much,better

D.theoften,thebetter

9.Theoldmanlivesalone,hefeels.

A.alone

B.lonely

C.lone

D.alonely

10.1thinkbananasareofallthefruits.

A.delicious

B.muchdelicious

C.moredelicious

D.themostdelicious

實(shí)戰(zhàn):

1.—What'sthisinEnglish?

-Itsapple.

A.a

B.an

C.the

D.不填

2.1wasbornFebruary18,1981.

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.of

3.Thereisn*lwaterintheglass.

A.some

B.lots

C.many

D.any

4.—"doyouwatchTV?”

—“Twiceaweek.”

A.Howlong

B.Howfar

C.Howoften

D.Howmany

5.1havetwopencils,oneislong,isshort.

A.another

B.other

C.theother

D.others

6.Theyarepoor,theyarealwayshappy.

A.and

B.but

C.or

D.so

7.beautifultheflowersare!

A.How

B.What

C.Howa

D.Whata

8.—"DoyouEnglish?11

一"Onlyalittle."

A.tell

B.speak

C.say

D.talk

9.Thereareaboutstudentsinourgrade.

A.twohundredsandtwenty-five

B.twohundredsandtwentyfive

C.twohundredandtwenty-five

D.twohundredtwenty-five

10.HisnameisRobertThomasBrown.Thestudentscallhim

A.MrRobert

B.MrThomas

C.MrThomasBrown

D.MrBrown

11.Yourbooksarehere,whereare?

A.my

B.mine

C.I

D.me

12.ShewillwritetomesasoomassheinParis.

A.willarrive

B.arrive

C.arriving

Darrives

13.—"It'safineday,?”

—HYes,let'sgooutforawalk.'1

A.isit

B.itis

C.isn'tit

D.itisn't

14.Couldyoutellus?

A.whenwillthemeetingstart

B.whenthemeetingwillstart

C.themeetingwillstartwhen

D.thenmeetingwhenwillstart

15.—"Mybikeisbroken,canyoumendit?”

-"Sorry,

A.Ican*t

B.Iwont

C.Ican

D.Idon't

第4講:副詞

學(xué)完了形容詞,副詞講解起來會(huì)更容易一些。一般認(rèn)為形容詞+ly就變成了副詞,如形容詞quick

加上-ly變成副詞quickly。但是象friendly,lovely雖然以ly結(jié)尾,但實(shí)則是形容詞,Sheisfriendly

tome(她對(duì)我很友好。)可千萬不要誤認(rèn)為是副詞喲!

副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞,這些用法相信大家已經(jīng)掌握。那我們挑選?下易混、易用錯(cuò)

的來詳細(xì)講解一下。

already和yet:

WhereisTom?Hehasn'tcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.這句話中又是already,又有yet,是

怎么回事嗎?原來already和yet意思雖然相同,但用法有點(diǎn)小區(qū)別。表示事情早已發(fā)生或提前發(fā)生

用already,一般放于句中,用于肯定句和疑問句。含有already的肯定句,變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),要將already

變?yōu)閥et,且放在句尾。yet表示預(yù)料要發(fā)生的事未發(fā)生,位于句尾,一般用于否定句和疑問句中。

還迷糊嗎?再迷糊,只好再看一看上面的例句嘍。

hard和hardly:

hard,hardly兩者雖然只有-ly之差,意義卻大不相同。hard表示"辛苦,使勁,努力,”如:He

worksveryhard.(他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。)而hardly為否定副詞,表示"幾乎不"。如:Theboxissoheavythat

hecouldhardlycarryit.(這箱子是那么沉,他幾乎搬不動(dòng)。)

ago和before:

ago不能單獨(dú)使用,應(yīng)與threedays(months,weeks)等連用,而且和動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)連用。如:Imet

myneighbouranhourago.Before之前有“一段時(shí)間“時(shí),指"距這段時(shí)間以前",和過去完成時(shí)連用。

如:Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworktwodaysbefore.(他說他兩天前已完成了工作。)如果before單

獨(dú)使用,是泛指“以前”,常常和完成時(shí)連用。如:Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.(我以前沒看過這部電

影。)

farther和further:

far有兩種比較級(jí),farther,furlher.在英語中兩者都可指距離。如:Henansfartherthanshedoes.

(他比她跑得遠(yuǎn)。)在美語中,farther表示距離,further表示進(jìn)一步。如:Ihavenothingfurtherlo

say.(我沒什么要說的了。)

至于副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)問題,參照形容詞的就OK了。

試試趁熱打鐵如何?

練習(xí):

1.Theteacherwasveryangryanddecidedtosendschool,sohewasn'tastudentanylonger.

A.awayhimfrom

B.himawayfromthe

C.awayhimoutof

D.himawayfrom

2.,hedidn'tfailintheEnglishexam.

A.Luck

B.Lucky

C.Luckily

D.Luckly

3.—Areyoufeeling?

—Yes,Pmfinenow.

A.anywell

B.anybetter

C.quitegood

D.quitebetter

4.Themorewelookedatthepicture,.

A.thelesswelikedit

B.welikeitless

C.betterwelikeit

D.itlookedbetter

5.Afterthenewmachinewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_shoesin1988astheyearbefore.

A.astwicemany

B.asmanytwice

C.twiceasmany

D.twicemanyas

6.OurEnglishneedstobeimproved.

A.farther

B.farthest

C.further

D.far

7.Whatapity!LucyranmoreslowlythanLily.

A.afew

B.much

C.alittle

D.little

8.Heisrunningnow.

A.moreslowlyandmoreslowly

B.slowlierandslowlier

C.moreandmoreslowly

D.slowlyandslowly

9.Lastnightmyfatherwentbacklaterthanbefore.

A.quite

B.very

C.even

D.muchmore

lO.Thesickmanwastoothintogoany.

A.far

B.farther

C.further

D.farthest

實(shí)戰(zhàn):

1.Theanswerisniceandsoft.ShallItheshopkeeperifIcantryiton?

A.ask

B.answer

C.speak

D.tell

2.Tickets,please.MayIyourticketplease,madam?

A.show

B.watch

C.find

D.see

3.It'snotgoodtowhenyouarewaitingforabus.

A.standinline

B.getonwell

C.jumpthequeue

D.waitforyourturn

4.Itshardtocountthemonkeys,they'rerunningandjumping.

A.attimes

B.allthetime

C.moreorless

D.rightaway

5.I'msorry,we'vetheshoesinyoursize.

A.paidfor

B.puton

C.soldout

D.putaway

6.Weihua'spenwas,sosheneededanewone.

A.broken

B.long

C.cheap

D.here

7.Youcanoftenbuythingsfromtheirshophome.

A.oftheway

B.bytheway

C.anotherwayof

D.onyourway

8.Theteacherintheschoollibraryisvery.Youmustreturnyourlibrarybookontime!

A.kind

B.lonely

C.strict

D.polite

9.Thankstoman-makesatellite,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmaller.

A.space

B.place

C.room

D.universe

10.1likethesweater,butittoomuch.

A.uses

B.takes

C.costs

D.spends

11.FatherChristmaslandsontopofhouseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefire-place.

A.each

B.all

C.either

D.both

12.Theiceisverythin.It*sdangerouswalkonit.

A.so,that

B.as,as

C.from,to

D.too,to

13.Onedayhismotherwasill.Sheadoctor.

A.sentfor

B.sentaway

C.sentup

D.fellbehind

14.Hetheradioandlistenedtothemusic.

A.opened

B.turnedon

C.turnedoff

D.closed

15.ThedoctorMrsBrownverycarefullyandthensaid:"There'snothingmuchwrongwith

you."

A.watched

B.operated

C.lookedover

D.lookedafter

第5講:動(dòng)詞

我們步步深入,開始接觸到整個(gè)句子的heart-動(dòng)詞了。掌握了動(dòng)詞,你學(xué)起英語來就會(huì)感到駕輕

就熟了。告訴你,一定要記牢動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,過去式,過去分詞,如果在這些小地方丟分,那才

討厭呢。比如:catch的過去式和過去分詞(caught,caught)你可能就不知道吧?痛下決心,好好記一

記吧。下面呢,我們就各個(gè)擊破。先講系動(dòng)詞。

系動(dòng)詞:大概是最簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞了。你只需注意的是系動(dòng)詞除了be的形式之外,還有become,

get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste等,它們不能單獨(dú)作謂語,必須和作表語的詞語(如形容

詞,名詞等)連用,所以用的時(shí)候,可要小心為是呀!如:Itsmellsdelicious.(它聞起來味道很美)。

delicious是形容詞,不是副詞。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:首先要記住情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必跟動(dòng)詞原形。must和need幾乎是每年的必考題,這里我們

重點(diǎn)講一下。

must的意思是"應(yīng)當(dāng),必須”,側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法,沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化,其否定式是musint,在“Must

I(we)的疑問句中,須注意的是其否定回答常用needn't。如:MustIgo?(我一定要走嗎?)No,you

neednt.(不,不必。)

need意為"需要“。既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,又可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,因此在用法上需要注意。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),

need后跟名詞,動(dòng)名詞,或不定式。如:Ineedtogo.(我得走了。)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),后跟動(dòng)詞原形。

如:Youneedn'tcometomorrowifyouarebusy.(如果你忙,明天就不必來了。)

實(shí)意動(dòng)詞:實(shí)意動(dòng)詞可謂家族興旺,人員眾多。我們跑(run),我們跳(jump),我們笑(laugh),

這些都得用實(shí)意動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)。我們一起來看一看一些特殊的詞吧。它們?cè)诮觿?dòng)名詞和不定式時(shí)意義

有所不同。

stop:這個(gè)詞讓好多同學(xué)大傷了一番腦筋,到底什么時(shí)候加todo,什么時(shí)候加

doing呢?兩者意義又有什么不同呢?OK,Comewithme.看下面兩個(gè)句子。

Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtoread.

Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtalking.

第一句的意思是“當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來時(shí),他們停下來開始讀書,而第二句的意思是”老師進(jìn)來時(shí),他

們停止了說話"。所以stoptodosth表示“停止正在做的事情去干另一件事”。而stopdoing表示“中斷

正在做的某事”。現(xiàn)在明白了嗎?

forget,remember,regret這三個(gè)詞用法基本相同,只要記住+doing表示”事情已經(jīng)做過",+todo

表示”事情還未做”就可以了。forgettodo忘記要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘記做過某事。()

做)如:Thelightisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.燈還在亮著,他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

感官動(dòng)詞:see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel等+do表示動(dòng)作的完整性,真實(shí)

性+doing表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性,進(jìn)行性。如:Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在

花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)哦看見了”這個(gè)事實(shí))Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)”我見他正

干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作)昨天我見他正在花園里干活。

又到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了,好學(xué)的你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?

練習(xí):

1.WangLinsomehelp.Canyouhelphim?

A.needs

B.want

C.needto

D.ask

2.Allofusenjoyfootballverymuch.

A.play

B.playing

C.played

D.toplay

3.——Thelightintheclassroomisstillon.

——Oh,Iforgot___.

A.turningitoff

B.turnitoff

C.toturnitoff

D.havingturneditoff

4.1regret_thewindow.

A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.tohavedone

D.havingbroken

5.Hisgrandparentssawher_upfromchildhood.

A.grow

B.grew

C.wasgrowing

D.togrow

6.一What*sthisinEnglish?

--Sorry,Ican'titinEnglish.

A.tell

B.say

C.speak

D.talk

7.---Ifinishmyhomworktoday?

-No,youneedn*t.

A.Can

B.May

C.Must

D.Need

8.InSpring,thedayslongerandlonger,thetreesgreen.

A.get,turn

B.gets,turns

C.got,turned

D.havegot,haveturned

9.Whenthetrafficlightsarered,youstop.

A.can

B.must

C.won't

D.needn't

10.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,Itomydeskmate.

A.stoppedtotalk

B.stoppedtalking

C.stoptotalk

D.stoptalking

實(shí)戰(zhàn):

1.Whosecalculatorisit?

A.she's

B.hers

C.her

D.she

2.December23,MrandMrsHopkensflewtoLondonforatrip.

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.for

3.TheScienceMuseumislocatedthecentreofthetown.

A.with

B.near

C.beside

D.in

4.DoyouthinkmathsisimportantthanEnglish?

A.very

B.as

C.more

D.quite

5.Thecaptainhasadaughter.

A.five-years-old

B.fiveyearsold

C.fiveyearold

D.five-year-old

6.Twofishermensawintheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.

A.somethingstrange

B.anythingstrange

C.strangesomething

D.strangeanything

7.TheygotaChristmastreeanditwasours.

A.sotallas

B.sotalleras

C.astallas

D.astalleras

8.Who'swomanoverthere?

A./

B.the

C.a

D.an

9.A:havethescientistsbeenthere?B.Forabouttwoyears.

A.Howmanytimes

B.How

C.Whattime

D.Howlong

10.thatpairofnewexpensive?

A.Is,shoe

B.Are,shoe

C.Is,shoes

D.Are,shoes

11.Dickjumpedintoalargeholehesawthebear.

A.while

B.assoonas

C.until

D.if

12.coldweatheritisattheSouthPole!

A.What

B.Whatan

C.How

D.Whata

13.1don'tknowlastnight.

A.whytheydidn'tgotothemovies

B.whentheydidn'tgotothemovies

C.whydidn'ttheygotothemovies

D.whendidn'ttheygotothemovies

14.Therearen'tmanyorangeshere,butyoucantakeifyouwantto.

A.few

B.afew

C.alittle

D.little

15.Tomfailedintheexam.Helooked.

A.happy

B.sadly

C.upset

D.lovely

第6講:不定式

不定式和動(dòng)詞象一對(duì)姐妹一樣親密,本不該拆開來講,可是篇幅有限,只能讓他們分開了。不

定式的構(gòu)成非常簡(jiǎn)單,告訴我是什么?對(duì)!是to+動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)然啦,t。有時(shí)也可以不帶。動(dòng)詞不定

式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,可以擔(dān)當(dāng)除謂語外的任何句子成分。那什么時(shí)候可以不帶to呢?Listentome

carefully.

不定式省to有四種情況:

使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后接不定式。如:Lethimgo!讓他走!

wouldrather,hadbetter后。如:Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里。

Why.../whynot...后。如:WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?為什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?

感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ),省to。如:Isawhimdance.

我看見他跳舞。

注意:這些情況在被動(dòng)句中可千萬不可省to喲!如:Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.

變成被動(dòng)句:Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.

不定式的特殊用法:

It與不定式:動(dòng)詞不定式可以做主語,但如果動(dòng)詞不定式太長(zhǎng),顯得頭重腳輕的,那么我們就

可用形式主語?it代替,而把真正主語(即不定式)放于句尾。

如:ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.(對(duì)我來說學(xué)好英語是可能的。)

不定式還可以充當(dāng)句子的賓語,但有些動(dòng)詞,如find,think,believe等,在語法上不能接受不定式

作賓語,只有用it作形式賓語,從而把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句尾。這樣的不定式可繼續(xù)充當(dāng)其賓語的作

用。

如:Ifounditdifficulttofallasleep.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。

還有一點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式,還可用在how,when,where,what,which等疑問代詞或副詞之后,

與其共同作賓語。如:Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer.我不知道怎樣使用電腦。Remember?

too...to...和enough...to:too...to表達(dá)"太...一致于不能…

enough...to表達(dá)”足以…二這兩個(gè)詞組的用法用兩個(gè)例子就可以說清楚了。

Theboxistooheavyformetolift.這個(gè)箱子太沉了,我提不動(dòng)。

Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。也就是說,他的年齡足夠上學(xué)了。記住這兩

個(gè)句子就可以舉一反三,應(yīng)用自如。你記住了嗎?

好吧,再試一把趁熱打鐵!

練習(xí):

I.Tellhim_thewindow.

A.toclosenot

B.nottoclose

C.tonotclose

D.notclose

2.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learn

B.tolearn

C.learned

D.learning

3.You'dbetterthestoryinJapanese.

A.say

B.speak

C.tell

D.talk

4.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.

A.toeatnot

B.eatingnot

C.nottoeat

D.noteating

5.——Iusuallyg

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