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外研版選修七M6英語課文Module
6
Reading
and
Vocabulary
Part
1
The
Amazing
Caves
of
Zhoukoudian
Zhoukoudian
is
a
small
village
about
50
kilometres
south-west
of
Beijing.
In
the
1920s,
archaeologists
discovered
some
prehistoric
human
bones
there
which
changed
China's
knowledge
of
its
history.
They
came
from
an
unknown
species
of
man
and
were
the
first
evidence
of
primitive
human
life
in
China
thousands
of
years
ago.
The
remains
were
...
three
teeth!
In
1929,
a
complete
skull
was
also
discovered.
Eventually,
archaeologists
found
almost
200
items,
including
six
skulls
and
more
than
150
teeth.
These
discoveries
proved
the
existence
of
a
human
species
who
lived
in
the
area
between
700,000
and
200,000
years
ago.
Four
sites
where
Beijing
Man
and
his
relations
lived
were
discovered
on
the
northern
face
of
Dragon
Bone
Hill
(Longgushan).
They
lived
in
the
limestone
caves
in
the
area.
However,
the
life
span
of
Beijing
Man
was
short.
About
70%
of
the
people
probably
died
before
the
age
of
14.
Fewer
than
5%
lived
to
the
age
of
50.
Even
so,
they
were
quite
sophisticated.
Ashes
were
found
alongside
the
fossils
which
showed
they
used
fire
for
cooking
food
and
also
for
light,
warmth
and
protection
from
wild
beasts.
This
is
the
earliest
evidence
of
the
use
of
fire
anywhere
in
the
world.
They
also
made
tools
of
bones
and
sharpened
stones.
Unfortunately,
when
Japan
invaded
China
in
1937,
excavations
at
the
Beijing
Man
Site
stopped
and
most
of
the
fossils
disappeared,
including
a
Beijing
Man
skull.
They
have
never
been
found.
After
the
People's
Republic
of
China
was
established
in
1949,
the
work
started
again
and
Zhoukoudian
became
an
important
tourist
attraction.
Zhoukoudian
was
listed
as
a
world
heritage
site
in
December
1987.
It
has
not
only
given
us
important
information
about
prehistoric
Asian
societies,
but
also
has
provided
amazing
evidence
about
the
process
of
evolution.
At
the
Suzhou
conference
in
June
2004,
one
of
the
delegates
praised
China's
work
on
heritage
sites,
"China
has
done
excellent
work
in
protecting
world
heritage,
both
tangible
and
intangible."
Tangible
cultural
heritage
includes
museums
and
monuments—things
you
can
see
and
touch.
But
what
is
intangible
cultural
heritage?
Intangible
cultural
heritage,
which
is
also
called
living
cultural
heritage,
consists
of
the
following
features:
1
Oral
Heritage
This
includes
languages,
spoken
literature,
music,
dance,
games,
customs
and
knowledge
of
traditional
craftwork.
It
also
includes
the
cultural
places
where
popular
and
traditional
cultural
activities
take
place
(for
example,
sites
for
story-telling
and
festivals,
etc.).
2
Living
Human
Treasures
Living
human
treasures
are
people
who
have
the
knowledge
and
skills
required
for
the
cultural
traditions
of
their
society.
3
Endangered
Languages
Endangered
languages
are
languages
spoken
by
only
a
few
people
and
languages
which
are
not
taught
to
new
inhabitants
of
the
region.
For
example,
there
are
nearly
60
languages
in
Australia
which
are
endangered,
or
are
disappearing.
4
Traditional
Music
of
the
World
Musical
traditions
around
the
world
form
part
of
the
intangible
heritage
of
mankind
in
the
same
way
as
monuments
and
natural
sites.
For
example,
Kunqu
opera,
was
founded
before
the
Ming
Dynasty
(1368–1644)
in
Kunshan,
near
Suzhou.
UNESCO
added
Kunqu
to
its
intangible
heritage
list
in
2001
Chinese
Cultural
Heritage
Bid
for
UNESCO
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
(TCM)
and
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival
could
be
listed
on
the
directory
of
world
intangible
cultural
heritage
if
a
bid
to
UNESCO
is
successful.
They
could
join
the
Chinese
arts
of
Guqin
Music
and
Kunqu
Opera
as
"world
intangible
heritages".
UNESCO
has
47
items
on
the
world
heritage
list,
including
Chinese
Kunqu
Opera
and
Guqin
Music.
Every
two
years
the
directory
is
enlarged
by
giving
each
country
the
chance
to
recommend
one
candidate.
No
discrimination
is
made
against
countries
which
make
regular
bids,
so
although
the
process
is
long,
there
is
a
strong
possibility
that
TCM
and
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival
will
be
accepted.
While
the
bid
is
going
through,
the
state
government
allocates
funds
for
each
item's
protection.
The
application
for
TCM
would
highlight
the
fact
that
traditional
Chinese
medicine
is
a
culture
that
has
existed
for
thousands
of
years.
If
TCM
is
accepted
on
the
UNESCO
list,
doctors
and
practitioners
would
advocate
both
its
advantages
and
its
legal
status
abroad.
The
theories
and
experiences
of
old
TCM
practitioners
would
continue
to
be
collected,
and
treatment
would
be
extended
into
other
areas
of
medicine,
such
as
research
into
the
AIDS
virus
and
malaria.
But
some
people
feel
that
there
needs
to
be
a
compromise
between
the
term
"heritage"
which
suggests
something
old-fashioned,
and
the
fact
that
TCM
is
still
developing
as
a
medical
science.
Mid-Autumn
celebrations
reflect
Chinese
cultural
traditions.
With
more
than
50
million
Chinese
living
and
working
overseas,
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival
reminds
them
of
their
Chinese
origins
and
would
help
to
unite
Chinese
people
all
over
the
world.
Plans
for
a
seminar
of
experts
on
the
festival
have
been
announced,
which
will
recommend
symbolic
ambassadors
to
promote
the
bid.
Other
examples
of
China's
intangible
cultural
heritage
include
the
ancient
art
of
Shaolin
kung
fu,
the
world's
longest
epic
poem
of
Tibetan
King
Gesser,
and
Chen-style
Tai
Chi.
UNESCO's
agenda
for
the
world's
tangible
and
intangible
heritage
is
also
to
act
as
a
warning
system
for
sites
which
are
at
the
mercy
of
redevelopment,
pollution
or
even
the
effects
of
tourism,
and
cultural
activities
which
are
in
danger.
UNESCO
undertakes
to
take
sites
off
the
World
Heritage
list
if
their
present
state
is
threatened
by
an
absence
of
protection.
Getting
accepted
on
the
list
is
the
result
not
simply
of
a
subjective
recommendation
by
interested
groups,
but
of
cultural
diplomacy
by
governments
and
a
thorough
understanding
of
the
bureaucratic
system
of
UNESCO.
In
return,
UNESCO
recognises
the
autonomy
of
provincial,
federal
and
state
cultural
organisations,
but
offers
support
and
guidance
when
requested.
Santa
Fe's
Living
Treasures
The
Living
Treasures
Program
originated
in
Santa
Fe,
New
Mexico
in
the
USA
in
1984
and
has
now
spread
to
dozens
of
other
communities
across
the
country.
It
started
when
a
Santa
Fe
organisation
called
the
Network
for
the
Common
Good
was
established.
The
idea
was
to
celebrate
the
lives
of
members
of
the
older
generation.
"Older
people
are
easily
forgotten
or
ignored
in
a
country
like
the
USA,"
said
Robin
Rodar,
one
of
the
organisers.
"Youth
and
new
things
seem
more
important
to
a
lot
of
people."
This
isn't
the
way
with
other
cultures.
In
New
Mexico,
older
people
from
Hispanic
and
native
American
cultures
preserve
their
traditions
and
languages.
The
extended
family
is
important
and
grandparents
are
respected.
This
is
also
true
in
Asian
cultures.
In
fact,
the
Santa
Fe
organisers
got
the
idea
for
the
Living
Treasures
Program
from
a
Japanese
tradition
of
honouring
folk
artists.
Twice
a
year,
in
spring
and
autumn,
the
program
honours
three
older
New
Mexicans.
They
are
asked
to
give
a
long
interview—an
oral
history—which
is
taped
and
preserved
at
the
Santa
Fe
Public
Library.
A
photographer
spends
a
day
with
each
living
treasure
and
the
photog
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