附件：專業(yè)翻譯英文

附錄2：專業(yè)翻譯英文SIMPLEMETHODTOOBTAINASPHALTBINDERSLOWTEMPERATUREPROPERTIESFROMASPHALTABSTRACTThepurposeofthisresearchwastoinvestigatethepossibilityofdevelopingasimplemethodthatcouldbeusedtoobtainthelowtemperaturepropertiesoftheasphaltbinderscontainedinanasphaltmixturewithoutusingtheextractionandrecoveryprocess.ThisinformationiscriticalindevelopingblendingchartsformixturesthatuseRAP.LimitedtestsperformedwiththeBendingBeamRheometer(BBR)onthinbeamsofmixturesshowedgoodpromiseinobtainingreasonablevaluesforthemixturestiffness.TherecentlyproposedHirschmodelwasusedtobackcalculatethebinderstiffnessfromtheBBRmixturestiffnessandtheresultswerecomparedtotheextractedbinderstiffness.TheresultswereusedtorecalibrateoneoftheparametersintheHirschmodeltocloselymatchthepredictedandtheexperimentalbinderstiffnessat60seconds.Keywords:binderstiffness,RAP,backcalculation,Hirschmodel,BBR,thinmixturebeamIntroductionIncorporatingReclaimedAsphaltPavement(RAP)intonewpavementssignificantlyreducestheusageofnewmaterials,conservesnaturalresourcesandsolvesdisposalproblems.AccordingtoFederalHighwayAdministration(FHWA)nearly30milliontonsofRAParerecycledintoHMApavementseveryyearmakingRAPthemostrecycledmaterialintheUnitedStates.TheStrategicHighwayResearch(SHRP)programdidnotaddresstheuseofRAPintheoriginalSuperpavespecifications.ToaddressthisimportantissuetheNationalCooperativeHighwayResearchProgram(NCHRP)fundedProject9-12,“IncorporationofReclaimedAsphaltPavementsintheSuperpaveSystem”(1).ThefindingsmadeinthisprojectvalidatedandadvancedearlierworkdonebyFHWAExpertTaskGroup(ETG),AsphaltInstitute,NationalCenterforAsphaltTechnology(2)andotherresearchers(3)andclearlydemonstratedthatthepercentageandsourceofRAPhaveasignificanteffectonthepropertiesoftheasphaltmixtureandresultingrecoveredbinder.Recycledasphaltpavement(RAP)hasbeenusedinMinnesotaforover25years.Previousexperienceandspecificationsallowvariousrecycledasphaltpavement(RAP)percentagesdependingonthetrafficlevel.Mn/DOTSpecification2350allowsupto30%recycledmaterial;Specification2360allows20%.However,thereisalotofinterestinincreasingtheamountofRAPtoashighas40%.AsaconsequencearesearchprojectwasstartedattheUniversityofMinnesotatoinvestigatetheeffectofvarioustypesandpercentagesofRAPonasphaltbindersandasphaltmixturespropertiesfortypicalMinnesotamixdesigns.ExperimentalApproachAspartofthislargerprojectastudywasperformedtoinvestigatethepossibilityofobtainingtheRAPbinderpropertiesrequiredintheblendingchartsbyusingarelativelysimpletestperformeddirectlyontheRAPmixture.IfsuchatestcouldbedevelopedandsuccessfullyuseditwilladdresstwoimportantissuesrelatedtotheuseofRAPinasphaltpavements:1.itwillavoidtheuseoftheextractionandrecoverywhichmayaffecttheeffectivepropertiesofthebinderinthemixture;2.itwillprovideasimplemeanstoobtainrelevantfieldmixtureslowtemperaturepropertieswithouttheuseofveryexpensiveandtimeconsumingmixturetesting.Initially,twodifferenttestswerereviewedinthisstudy–ascratchtestandanindentationtest,whichwereavailableintheGeomechanicslaboratoryattheUniversityofMinnesota.Afteranumberofpreliminarytestsitwasdecidedtoabandontheuseofthesetwotestsandtoinvestigateathirdtestmethod.Thismethodinvolvesobtainingmixturestiffness(inverseofcreepcompliance)byperformingBendingBeamRheometer(BBR)testsonbeamsofasphaltmixture.PreviousworkbyVacinetal.(4)showedpromisingresults.ToobtainthebinderpropertiesfromthemixturepropertiesitwasdecidedtousethemodifiedHirschmodelproposedbyChristensen(5)to“back-calculate”theasphaltbinderstiffnessandm-value,whicharerequiredinformulatingblendingcharts.MaterialsTendifferentasphaltmixtureswerestudiedinthelargerprojectpreviouslymentionedandtheexperimentaldesignisshowninTable1.Table1MixtureDetails橋TwoRA虎Psour糟cesan禁dtwo凳asphal短tbind腎ers(P證G58-2任8and贏PG58-佳34)we餡resel聞ected乘andth肆reeRA唐Pperc淚entage埋s(0,堡20%an舊d40%)酒were退usedi接nthe班mixtur變espre壁parati跟on.Th遙etwo即asphal惕tbind鴉ersus碧edin骨thisp扔roject許were午obtain章edfro聰mKoch慧.Comm稀ercial勉Aspha譜ltpro地vided做thetw碗oRAP狼source弓siden晌tified岡asRA棍Pand湊Millin間gs.Th貿(mào)ereis型relat蜓ively欺little周infor悉mation鵝onth鼠esetw倘omate楚rials.求TheM弟illing野swere辰mille岸dupf恒romIn壇tersta鼠te屈494in成搬Maple擇Grove將that草hada拘Mn/DOT平2361懷(gyrat觀ory)m霧ixin竿thesu驚rface活course岡anda危2351曲(登Marsha賄ll單)mix賺inthe優(yōu)base另course跑.The邪RAPco云mesfr備omman某ydiff輝erent偉source滑sarou愁ndthe甩Twin惑Cities攏metro越area.枯Each悄source弟wasm法illed莊upfro紡mthe辭paveme糧nt,an掏dmany隆were舅mixed拿togeth痕erint貸oasi變ngleR導(dǎo)APpil肅e.The努origi屑nalag斷gregat福esuse縱dint蹈hisst喝udyar塘etypi皇calfo腫rasph危altmi冊(cè)xture娃prepar崗ation座in延Minnes堤ota談.The恨aggreg仍atesu廳sedpa累ssedt頓hecur滔rentM翼n/DOT必2360a地ggrega猴tespe男cifica蕉tioni慶ncludi擇ngthe敲quali玻tyreq轉(zhuǎn)uireme錄nts.筍Them餓ixture餐desig但nsfol奔lowed雁theMi段nnesot杠aDepa用rtment預(yù)ofTr少anspor視tation吃(Mn/D裹OT)Sp康ecific篇ation殺2360b教asedo找nthe臨traffi利cleve筍l2(<工1mil萬lionE聞SALs).臨Acon位trolm心ixture梢wasd咱esigne譜dfirs圣t,whi值chser植vedas妖abas委eline秤tocom票paret彩heoth懸ermix攀tures.浪TheS犧uperpa螞vemix備desig槍nproc打esswa異sused汗tode才termin后ethe醬optimu拐masph鹽altco筒ntent嗽forth寸ismix桃turea蝶ndthe甘volum種etric缸proper催ties.懸Signif遷icant陜effort敢swere找made耳toobt需ainth熟egrad茅ation恐forea測(cè)chsub長sequen甘tmixt渾ureas萬close辱aspo思ssible恢toth敢econt祝rolmi惡xture.污Only樂sixof宮these使mixtu顫reswe駛reava快ilable恐fort屯hemix張BBRt勵(lì)esting瓦andt鴿heyar團(tuán)eshow罰ninT激able牌1in啊bold醋italic減s.辣樸紗掏醋Sample級(jí)prepa暴ration互朋Thefo近llowin叮gfive陰-step槳proced僑urewa脊sused濤toob剃taint片heasp秒haltm叛ixture閘beams蹲tobe界teste腫dint傲heBBR桌:乞1.Gyr彎atory扭specim露enswe稈repre瓦pared位using揚(yáng)standa星rdpro駱cedure厚s饑2.The奸top烘10mm啊were孩cutof嚼ftoo賊btain涂asmoo哪thsur癢face鞏3.Six屠round盲edsli堅(jiān)ceswe躁recut抵,each貓havin陸g識(shí)12mm薪thick港ness頓4.Eve號(hào)ryrou征ndeds牙licew躁ascut今verti純cally哪toobt勺ainab冰outse顫venre訓(xùn)ctangu尚l(wèi)arbe險(xiǎn)ams,e嘗achab柿out6匪to疏8mm譯thick探今5.For毀every頸recta然ngular頸beam例bothe嶄ndswe活recut臘offi劉norde破rtog逢et汽101mm巧lengt紹h.膨These產(chǎn)fives默tepsa劃repre語sented士schem富atical翻lyin守Figure蒙s1to你5.An黨examp嗚leof虜amixt束urebe章amis旅shown習(xí)inFig燭ure6.這This籃five-s址teppr及ocedur倦eyiel黃dsmix傷beams規(guī)with榆dimens顏ionsa幸pproxi授mately瓣equal策toth稼edime潤nsions討ofa儀standa評(píng)rdasp勻haltb甲inder恰beamt毛ested銳inBBR污.五Thebe令amswe剛resaw嗽edfro娘mgyra綱toryc倡ompact卸edspe狠cimens起byMT框EServ饅icesi致n掏Wiscon憤sin單.The浩mostd謙ifficu枕ltdim抬ension但toco企ntrol番wasth蔑ebeam態(tài)thick醫(yī)ness.曾Theth料icknes晝soft值hebea武msvar無iedfr嘴omabo列ut6t猾o痕9mm走.Iti唯sreco際mmende睛dthat國theb酒eamth互icknes駛sshou估ldbe幻measur顧edbef爭oreco陜nditio異ninga曬ndthi胖svalu煤eshou淚ldbe念usedi緣nthe童calcul釣ations貍.紹郵樓乘廁悠Figu暢re1.奇Mixbe辜ampre益parati懶on-s那tep(1歇)洞不飾勸寧混赴Fig仍u(píng)re2.憲Mixb劃eampr煤eparat筑ion-尺step(欄2)統(tǒng)帝不認(rèn)屠劇煙Figu耍re3.數(shù)Mixbe丸ampre劣parati臉on-s斑tep(3承)殲臥階枕概抄Figur葛e4.M套ixbea句mprep燭aratio黎n-st否ep(4)拒獲證最腔窯Figu格re5.跟Mixbe巷ampre織parati狐on-s啦tep(5催)售愁曾際蛛竄Figur戶e6.A脹ctual稍asphal功tmixt厭urebe所am旁Initia殘ltest得sshow盾edtha污tthe蠢deflec封tions蹈measur險(xiǎn)edon僑themi洽xture鋪beams撕weren謹(jǐn)otbig眾enoug肌htoo塵btain只reason凳abled中ata.T默heBBR聽manuf總acture累r,Can祖nonIn境strume鵲nts,p忘rovide洲damo簡dified套piece乘ofso中ftware脆that布increa砌sedth果ereso遷lution癢ofth拼edefl且ection揀measu倡rement該s.The袖yalso嚴(yán)indic繪atedt炊hatth四estan典dardB忘BRdev界iceis法able唯tosus要tainl第oadsa膀shigh卡as悔450g愿witho墊utany亮chang陳eint朵heloa量dcell如calib切ration很proce忍dure.私Thelo炮ading孟timew給as240轉(zhuǎn)sfoll混owedb奏y240s摩ofun棟loadin棕gtime紅.廢BBRAs簡phalt噴Mixtur通eResu渣lts鼻Using揭themo巡dified胳BBRs譜oftwar親eand丘aload鹿of勢(shì)450g獅creep購tests慕were瘦perfor投medon林them緒ixture宴beams縣attw晨otemp抖eratur嘆es:劃18°C患and擋-24°C話.Thre消erect鈴angula雖rbeam例sfrom劇every爐mixc占o(jì)nfigu域ration洪were參tested榜atea顫chtes而ttemp腥eratur革e:bea院msfro興mthe嶺first,草fourt縫hand豈sixth鹿round侮slices司.This服wasd等oneto膀inves渡tigate妥ifth草eloca昌tiono掏fthe好beama琴cross曾thegy燕ratory站speci賺menhe據(jù)ighth稼adany猶effec未t.Dif調(diào)ferent偶beams挑from吸thesa哄mesli危cewer恢eused矩fort津he段1京8°C旁tests閉and哈-24°C恥tests寺.Befo社retes典ting,販thebe軟amswe淘recon防dition因edat呼thete尖sttem鉗peratu雙refor繁1hou幣r.In領(lǐng)additi幕on,th屢ebeam晝sfrom茄thef抓ourth卡slice桿werec授onditi爺onedf證oran并additi廣onal2煙4hour律sand反tested碼again季toin醬vestig蝶ateph授ysical燭harde神ninge銷ffects禽.漿Figur行es7a拒nd8s蜜howty麗pical暫deflec崇tionc生urves狐forth病easph頃altmi韻xture銅beams.趁Thec緊urves違areve真rysmo求othan冒dlook益simil深arto茂thecu立rveso聲btaine獸dfor耍binder麻sexce由ptfor騰them貍easure已ddefl此ection叛sthat隱arem逗uchsm裳a(bǔ)ller.揭Figure溜7.Cr妄eepcu瑞rvesf取orthe睜58-34漸mixtu疫rewit偶h20%趟RAP.餓務(wù)斯婚最Figure貍8.Cr兇eepcu番rvesf擁orthe袋58-28湯mixtu顛rewit遷h40%評(píng)RAP.鄰Tables悔2and指3sho棚wthe駝stiffn風(fēng)essof或thea捎sphalt忍mixtu伐resbe乓amsob劃tained壟at