閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧第1頁第1頁第2頁第2頁閱讀理解推理判斷型做題技巧推理判斷題占整個閱讀理解40%左右，要求我們從已知事件中去推測未知事件，對原文沒有提及情況進行推抱負象，從而得出文章結論、作者觀點傾向、文章論調和寫作思想等。注意事項：1、吃透文章字面意思，從字里行間捕獲有用提醒。2、注意作者遣詞造句特點，弄清詞含蓄含義。3、時刻提醒自己作者想讓我們推斷什么，要忠于原文，不可臆斷，憑空想象。4、利用文章中明確表示內容，進行推理，挖掘作者在文章中隱含意義。第3頁第3頁題目設計形式普通有：1.Wecaninfer/assumefromthispassage/paragraph____.2.Thestorysuggests/impliesthat

.3.Thewriterofthispassageintendsto

.4.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthepassageisto

.5.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma

.6.Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit

.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthecharacterof

.8.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?9.Thewriter’sattitudetoward···is

.第4頁第4頁推理判斷試題慣用詞匯：Infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate,appear.這類試題提問中也許會出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動詞：can,could,would,might或副詞probably,mostlikely。第5頁第5頁典例（０６陜西卷）Inmanycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Sadly,noteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless.Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious,butpoverty(貧窮)isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Often,thefactthatunemployedpeoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening,butnotalways.···探析1：細節(jié)推斷題要求依據(jù)語篇關系抓住關鍵信息詞，推斷詳細細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、詳細信息等。第6頁第6頁Somecynics(憤世嫉俗人)declarethathomelesspeoplechoosetolivethelifewhichtheylead.Butwhowouldwillinglychoosetoliveinashopdoorway,underabridgeorinacardboardbox?Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.A.youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardoflivingB.thementalillliveonthestreetbecausetheywantthecompanyofotherhomelesspeopleC.theunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomelessD.thehomelessarewillingtoliveunderabridgeorinacardboardboxC第7頁第7頁細節(jié)推斷題類型2：TrueorFalse類型典例：Beforethewidespreaduseofcomputers,managerscouldnotmakefulluseoflargeamountsofvaluableinformationaboutacompany’sactivities.Today,managersarefacingawiderangeofdataprocessingandinformationinstruments.···Theinformationprovidedbythesesystemshelpsmanagerscomparestandardswithactualresults,findoutproblems,andtakecorrectiveactionbeforeitistoolatetomakechanges.···Oneresearchfoundthatbusinessfirmsweremoresuccessfulinteachingbasicinformationaboutcomputerstobusinessgraduatesthantheywereinteachingbusinesssubjectstocomputersciencegraduates.第8頁第8頁Q:

AlloffollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat

.A.computerisagreathelpforbusinessmanagementB.Withthehelpofcomputers,companymanagersarenowmoreinformedofwhat’sgoingonintheircompanies.C.computerizedinformationenablesmanagerstotaketimelymeasurestopreventpossiblemistakesD.computersciencegraduatesarequicktolearnbusinesssubjectsbecauseoftheirprofessionalknowledgeaboutcomputersD第9頁第9頁探析2：態(tài)度觀點判斷題主要考察作者態(tài)度、觀點，此問題有一定難度。推斷過程中須注意文章作者措辭。常見問及態(tài)度詞語有:

Apositive(必定),negative(否認),neutral(中立),app-roval,disapproval,indifferent,sarcastic(挖苦),critical(批評),optimistic(樂觀),pessimistic(消極),objec-tive(客觀),subjective,doubtful.典例2：Whyisn’tyounewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIReadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄)anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthebadnews.Q:Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto

.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform第10頁第10頁探析3：寫作意圖題有些文章寫作目的比較明確，如議論文、闡明文，這類題應關注主題句。有些讓讀者去體會，這種情況多出現(xiàn)在記敘文或夾敘夾議文章中，這類文章通常先敘述，然后發(fā)表自己見解。因此議論部分蘊含作者寫作意圖。第11頁第11頁典例3（全國卷ⅡB篇）Ifallthestudentsinaclasstriedoutforbasketball,somewouldbeverygoodplayers;otherswouldbeverypoor;andmanywouldbeinbetween.Buteventheverypoorplayerscanbecomemuchbetterplayersiftheyareguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice.Itisthesamewithreading.Q:Withtheexampleofbasketballplayers,theauthorshows.A.whycertainpeoplearepoorreaders.B.thattherearedifferencesinpeople’sabilitiesC.whysomepeoplearegoodbasketballplayersD.ThatgoodbasketballplayerscanbegoodreadersB第12頁第12頁典例4（全國卷ⅠE篇）Todayabout70countriesuseDaylightSavingTime(DST).DaylightSavingwasfirstintroducedduringWorldWarIinAustralia.Duringtheworldwars,DSTwasusedforthelatesummersbeginningJanuary1917and1942,andthefullsummersbeginningSeptember1942and1943.···ThedifferencesindaylightsavinginAustraliacontinuetocauseseriousproblemsintransportandmanyothersocialactivities.Italsoreducesthenumberofhoursintheworkingdaythatarecommontoallcentersinthecountry.Inparticular,timedifferencesalongtheeastcoastcausemajordifficulties,especiallyforthebroadcastersofnationalradioandtelevision.探析4：深層推理題做這類題不能僅僅透徹理解一句話，并且要注意它與整篇聯(lián)系，以及上下文之間關系。第13頁第13頁Q:WhatdoweknowabouttheuseofDSTfromthelastparagraph?A.Thereexistsomeundesirableeffects.B.Ithelpslittletosaveenergy.C.Itbringsaboutlongerworkingdays.D.RadioandTVprogramsbecomedifferent.A.Thereexistsomeundesirableeffects.第14頁第14頁典例5：SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesightedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.Q:Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison

.A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandCanada.B.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC.existedbeforetheIceAgeD.havebeenkilledorhavediedout探析5：邏輯結論題嚴格依據(jù)文中陳說事實、論點和論據(jù)材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯結論。這類題多出現(xiàn)在闡明文和議論文中.D第15頁第15頁探析6：文章題材或出處這類題目主要針對文體內容較為復雜文章，做題時注意文章整體特點或主體內容。典例6：重慶卷BOurexcellentactivitiescreatepersonalizedmemoriesofyourchild’svacation.EachchildwillreceiveacampT-shirtandaphotoalbum(usually300-500pictures)oftheirstayatcamp.OurcampareofferedduringJune,JulyandAugust,forsmallgroupsofgirlsaged13-16years,notonlyfromCanadabutalsootherpartsoftheworld.Q:Thepassageiswrittenmainlyfor

.A.HorseridersB.teenagegirlsC.CanadianparentsD.internationaltravelersC第16頁第16頁探析7：預測推斷題要求依據(jù)語境對也許出現(xiàn)結局或下段也許涉及內容進行預測、推理。這類題目應把握作者寫作思想，做出科學預測。典例7：…Completingacoll