托福聽力學(xué)科詞匯

-.zTOEFL聽力學(xué)科詞匯(basedonTPO)I.Art31.1Arts31.2Literature31.3Architecture3II.PhysicalScience32.1Geology地質(zhì)學(xué)32.2Astronomy天文學(xué)32.3Physics物理學(xué)32.4Chemistry化學(xué)3III.LifeScience33.1Zoology動物學(xué)33.2AnimalBehavior動物行為33.3Physiology生理生化33.4Botany植物學(xué)33.5Speciology物種學(xué)33.6Ecology生態(tài)學(xué)3IV.SocialScience34.1Archaeology考古學(xué)34.2Business經(jīng)濟(jì)商學(xué)34.3History歷史34.4Psychology心理學(xué)34.5Anthropology人類學(xué)34.6Sociology社會學(xué)34.7Philosophy哲學(xué)34.8Politics政治3I.Art1.1Artsstyle[stail]n.風(fēng)格【頻】6【例】TPO1L1She’sgotaveryunusualstyle,paredtsomeoftheartistswe’velookedatthisterm.technique[tek'nik]n.手法，技術(shù)【頻】6【例】TPO19L4Andthisissomething,atechniquethatyouwillfindinbothoftheirwork.gallery['g?l?ri]n.畫廊【頻】6【例】TPO1L1RememberIsaidthatatsomepointduringthissemesterIwantedyoutoattendane*hibitattheFairyStreetGalleryandthenwriteaboutit.painter['pe?nt?]n.畫家【頻】5【例】TPO34L1LastweekwestartedtalkingaboutthepaintersandsculptorswhowerepartoftheartmovementcalledDada.【衍】Paintingn.繪畫，Paintv.繪畫artist[‘a(chǎn)rtist]n.藝術(shù)家【頻】5【例】TPO1L1Thenameoftheartiste*hibitingthereisRoseFrantzen.play[plei]n.劇本【頻】5【例】TPO7L1Infact,someoftheplaywrightswouldstartbywritingtheendoftheplay.romantic[ro'mantik]a.浪漫的【頻】4【例】TPO27L4WellGoethewaspartoftheRomanticMovementinwesternliterature.【衍】Romancen.浪漫史、冒險(xiǎn)故事，Romanticistn.浪漫主義者，Romanticismn.浪漫主義theater['è??t?]n.戲院【頻】4【例】TPO12L3TheycarriedtheaterwiththemandoperaspecificallybecauseitwasanItalianform.portrait['p?rtr?t]n.肖像【頻】3【例】TPO1L1Frantzenhadtopaintotherpeople’sportraitsatplaceslikeartfairsjusttomakemoneytobuypaintforhermoreseriousartwork.【衍】Portraituren.肖像畫，Portraitistn.肖像畫家，Portrayv.描繪genre['?anr?]n.類型【頻】3【例】TPO30L4Ithinkit’sfairtosaythatthesoundoftheelectricguitartypifiestherock’nrollgenre.scene[si:n]n.景象【頻】3【例】TPO1L1Alotofimpressionistartistspaintedeverydayscenes,likepeopleonthestreetsandincafes,lotsofnaturescenes,especiallylandscapes.【衍】Sceneryn.舞臺布景，風(fēng)景recital[ri'saitl]n.獨(dú)奏會【頻】3【例】TPO24L2Byagefourteen,shewasteachingherfreedancetoyoungchildrenandgivingrecitals.【衍】Recitativea.吟誦的depict[di'pikt]v.描畫【頻】3【例】TPO1L1Itdidn’tdepictscenesormodelse*actlyastheylooked.【衍】Depictionn.描畫classical['kl?sikl]a.古典的【頻】3【例】TPO16L4Aspianobecamemoreavailable,theybroughtclassicalmusic,themusicwhichpreviouslyhadbeenposedonlyfortheupperclasses.patron['petr?n]n.贊助人，主顧【頻】2【例】TPO16L4Well,Idon’thavetospellitoutforyou,thelikesanddislikesofthepatron,thiswould’vehadaneffectonwhatwasbeingposedandperformed.【衍】Patronagen.贊助brushstroke[bru?’strok]n.繪畫技巧【頻】2【例】TPO1L1Impressionistpainterstendedtoapplypaintreallythickly,andinbigbrushstrokes.ballet[b?'lei]n.芭蕾【頻】2【例】TPO24L2AsIsaid,inclassicalballet,emotionsareconveyedthroughasetofstrictlyformalizedmovements.【衍】Ballerinan.芭蕾舞女演員poser[k?m'poz?]n.作曲家【頻】2【例】TPO16L4Thereweremanyotherinfluencesonposers.【衍】posev.作曲te*ture['tekst??]n.質(zhì)地，紋理【頻】2【例】TPO1L1Thete*tureofthecanvaswasrough.charcoal['t?akol]n.木炭，炭筆【頻】2【例】TPO3L3There’scharcoalmarksfromtheirtorchesonthecavewallsclearlydatingfromthousandsofyearsafterthepaintingsweremade.parchment['part?ment]n.羊皮紙【頻】2【例】TPO15L3Duringthe1400s,whenprintingwasbeingdeveloped,paperbecamethepredominantmaterialforbooksinEurope,butpriortothat,itwasparchment.manuscript['m?njuskript]n.手稿，原稿【頻】2【例】TPO15L3Beforetheinventionofprintingandtheprintingpress,allbooks,allmanuscriptswerehand-made.realism[‘ri?liz?m]n.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義【頻】2【例】TPO1L1You’veprobablystudiedbothofthesemovementsseparately,RealismandImpressionism,insomeofyourarthistorycourses.【衍】Realistica.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的，Realistn.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者impressionism[?m'pre??n?z?m]n.印象主義【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Impressionismstartedinthelate19thcentury.【衍】Impressionistn.印象主義者e*hibit[ig'zibit]n.展示會【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Well,thee*hibitthatIwantyoutoattendisingup.canvas['k?nv?s]n.帆布【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Thete*tureofthecanvaswasrough.bleak[blik]a.陰冷的，黯淡的【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Theoverallscenegivesanimpressionofacold,bleakwinterdayonafarm.blurry['bl??r?]a.模糊的【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Youcanreallyseethosebroadbrushstrokesandtheblurrylines.e*pressive[ik'spresiv]a.表現(xiàn)的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Well,forme,itisherfaceandhands,Ithinktheyarereallye*pressive.【衍】E*pressionn.表現(xiàn)、表達(dá)，E*pressionistn.表現(xiàn)主義藝術(shù)家contemplative[k?n'templ?t?v]a.沉思的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Theymakethewomanseemverycontemplative,seemslikesheisthinkingprettyseriouslyaboutsomething.【衍】Contemplatev.沉思，Contemplationn.沉思contrastingcolors比照色【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Whatstrikesmeisthecontrastingcolors,thewhitedressandthedarkbackground.vague[veig]a.模糊的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Well,thebackgroundbehindthewomanisprettyvague.conventional[k?n'v?n??nl]a.常見的，傳統(tǒng)的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Now,theundefinedbackgroundalsoshowshowCeciliaBeau*wasinfluencedbytheFrenchImpressionists,whobelieved,likeBeau*inapersonalratherthanconventionalapproachtotheirsubjectmatter.boldcolor亮色【頻】1【例】TPO21L4First,Neel’suseofboldcolor.critic['kritik]n.批評家，評論家【頻】1【例】TPO21L4Somecriticshaddeclaredthegenreofportraituretobedead.【衍】Criticala.批評的，Criticizev.批評，Criticismn.批評abstractart抽象派藝術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO21L4Butkeepinmindthatshewasdoingthiswhenabstractartdominatedtheartscene.fashionable['f??n?bl]a.流行的，時髦的【頻】1【例】TPO21L4Representationsofpeopleweren’tfashionableintheartworld.【衍】Fashionn.時尚Primarycolor原色【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Asyouprobablyknow,primarycolorsare,theoreticallyspeaking,thebasiccolorsfromwhichallothercolorscanbemade.Secondarycolor次生色【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Butasyou’llfindoutwhenyoustartworkingonyourpaintingprojects,thethreeprimarycolors-red,blue,yellow-don’talwaysmakethebestsecondarycolors.Prism['pr?z?m]n.棱鏡【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Heusedaprismtobreakwhitelightdownintothevariouscolorsofthespectrum.chromatics[kr?'m?tiks]n.色彩學(xué)【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Scientistsstudyingopticsandchromaticstodaystillmarvelathisfindings.【衍】Chromatica.彩色的symbolize['simb?laiz]v.作為...象征【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Hisideasaboutwhatcolorssymbolize,abouttheemotionsthatdifferentcolorsinspirewerebasedonthecolorsred,yellowandblue.【衍】Symboln.象征、符號，Symbolica.象征的，Symbolismn.象征主義、記號Film-maker電影制作人【頻】1【例】TPO3L2Andinthatconte*t,todaywearegoingtotalkaboutafilm-makerwhobeganmakingveryuniquefilmsinthelate1920s.clip[klip]n.〔影片〕剪輯【頻】1【例】TPO3L2Hemighttakeaclipofamolluskgoingupanddowninthewaterandsetittomusic.documentary

['dɑkj?'m?ntri]n.紀(jì)錄片【頻】1【例】TPO3L2Hesetthestandardreallyforthenaturedocumentary.【衍】Documentaristn.紀(jì)錄片制片人primitive['primitiv]a.原始的【頻】1【例】TPO3L3Ithinkyouwillagreewithmethatthisartisanythingbutprimitive.masterpiece['m?st?pis]n.杰作【頻】1【例】TPO3L3Theyaremasterpieces.Studio['studio]n.畫室，工作室，電影〔音樂〕制片廠【頻】1【例】TPO8L2Thepaintingdepictsanactivecrowdedstudiowithwomendrawingandpaintingalivemodel.Salon['s?l?n]n.畫廊，美術(shù)展覽館【頻】1【例】TPO8L2Youcanhaveapaintingorsculptureinthesalonandgobacktoyourhomecountrysayingyou’vebeenasuccessintheParis.scribe[skraib]n.抄寫員，作家【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Soitwasn’tunmonforthescribesormonkswhoproducethemanuscripts.Palimpsest['p?lim(p)sest]n.重寫本【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Amanuscriptpagethatwaswrittenon,erasedandthenusedagainiscalledapalimpsest.Papyrusscrolls古本手卷【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Thiswase*tremelyfortunate,sincelateron,theoriginalpapyrusscrollsdisappeared.preserve[pr?'z?:v]v.保存【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Sothepages,thepiecesofparchmentthemselves,hadbeenpreserved.stainedglass彩色玻璃【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Stainedglassofcourseissimplyglassthathasbeencoloredandcutintopiecesandre-assembledtoformapictureoradecorativedesign.Metallicpound金屬化合物【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Yougotspecificcolorsbyaddingmetallicpoundstotheotherglassmakingingredients.Paleolithic[,p?li?u’liθik]a.舊石器時代的【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Today,wewillbecoveringtheUpperPaleolithicPeriod,whichIamroughlydefiningastheperiodfrom35000to8000B.C.【衍】Neolithica.新石器時代的Stratigraphy[str?'t?gr?fi]n.地層學(xué)【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Stratigraphyisusedfordatingportableart.【衍】Stratumn.地層，Stratificationn.層理Radiocarbon[,re?d???'kɑ?b(?)n]n.放射性碳【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Thathadtodowithchemicalanalysis,somethingtodowithmeasuringtheamountofradiocarbonleftintheorganicstuff.Prehistoricart史前藝術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Soitturnsoutthatradiocarbondatingworksforalotofprehistoricart.artifact['ɑ:t??f?kt]

dict.youdao./search?le=eng&q=artifact&keyfrom=dict.topn.手工藝品【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Don’tgetmewrongthough,analyzingthestylesofprehistoricartifactscanhelpdatingthem.sculpture['sk?lpt??]n.雕塑【頻】2【例】TPO17L1Andnowyoucanseewhywedon’thaveane*actdateforoursculpture“theladywiththehood〞.statue['st?t?u:]n.雕塑【頻】1【例】TPO18L2TheybeganmakingcopiesoftheGreekstatues.plastercast石膏模型【頻】1【例】TPO18L2Whattheydidwastheymadeplastercastsfrommoldsofthesculptures.Opera['ɑpr?]n.歌劇，歌劇院【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Thewordoperameanswork,actuallyitmeansworks.Renaissance['r?n?sɑns]n.文藝復(fù)興【頻】1【例】TPO12L3TheytookclassicaltheaterandreproduceditintheRenaissance’stime.scularization[,s?kj?l?r?'ze??n]n.世俗化【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Duringthoseyears,severalthingshappened-primarilylinguisticorthematicandbothinvolvingsecularization.【衍】Secularizev.還俗melodrama['m?l?drɑm?]n.情節(jié)劇，音樂劇【頻】1【例】TPO12L3ItisthemelodiousdramaofancientGreektheater,thetermmelodiousdramabeingshortenedeventuallytomelodrama.cadence['ke?d(?)ns]n.節(jié)奏，韻律【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Andthemusicwassecondary,ifyouwill,tothedramaticcadenceoflanguage.Chivalry['??v?lri]n.騎士精神，騎士制度【頻】1Epic['epik]a.史詩的【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Theyreliedonmythologytogivethemtheircharactersandtheirplots,thenovelsofchivalryortheepicsofchivalryoutofthemiddleages.Broadway['br?dwe?]n.百老匯【頻】1【例】TPO12L3ButBroadwaymusicalsfulfilledasimilarfunctionforagreatlongwhile.Baroque[b?'rok]n.巴洛克式的藝術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO16L4UpuntilnowinourdiscussionsandreadingsabouttheBaroqueearlyclassicalperiods,we’vebeentalkingaboutthedevelopmentofmusicalstylesandgenres.harpsichord['ha:psik?d]n.大鍵琴【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Unliketheharpsichordwhichcamebeforeit,thepianoisapercussioninstrument.clarinet[kl?ri'net]n.單簧管【頻】1Transverseflute長笛【頻】1【例】TPO16L4We’veseeninthedevelopmentofsomeoftheinstruments,yourememberthetransverseflute,theclarinetandsoon.percussion[p?'k???n]n.打擊樂器【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Thisstrikingactioniswhythepianoisapercussioninstrumentinsteadofastringinstrument.virtuoso[,v?t?u'oso]n.藝術(shù)大師【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Claragrewuptobeeawell-knownandrespectedpianovirtuoso.acpaniment[?'k?mp?n?m?nt]

n.伴奏【頻】1【例】TPO22L4Eventheveryfirstpublicprojectionofamoviehadpianoacpaniment.pilation[,kamp?'lei??n]n.編輯【頻】1【例】TPO22L4Usuallyapilationofamusicthatalreadye*istedwouldbeused.violin[,vai?'lin]n.小提琴【頻】3【例】TPO27L2Butit’sgenerallythoughtthattheacousticalqualityofmodernviolinsdoesn’tliveuptothequalityofthevintageones.【衍】Violinistn.小提琴家craftsmanship['kr?ftsm?n?ip]n.技藝，技術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO27L2Theirdimensions,shape,theirfingerboardheight,andgeneralcraftsmanship.Nationalism['n??n?l?z?m]

n.國家主義，民族主義【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Ijustfinishedreviewingyourpapersontheinfluenceofnationalismontheposers’music.lyrical['lirikl]a.抒情詩調(diào)的【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Thesemusicpieceswerelongandlyrical.ethnomusicologist['eènomjuzik?'l?d?ist]n.人種音樂學(xué)家【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Hewasanethnomusicologist,andhestudiedthetraditionalmusicoftheregion.glissando[gli'sando]n.滑奏，滑音【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Helikedtouseglissandoashishallmark.electricguitar電吉他【頻】1【例】TPO30L4Eachdesignwasintendedtoalterthesoundinsomeway,atfirstatleastwiththeelectricguitar,tomakeitlouder.steelguitar夏威夷吉他【頻】1【例】TPO30L4Thatledtothelapguitarwhichisalsocalledthesteelguitar.enamor[in'?m?]v.迷戀，傾心【頻】1【例】TPO30L4USsailorswhowerestationedinHawaiiwereveryenamoredwiththemusictheyheardthere.fresco['fresk?u]n.壁畫【頻】1【例】TPO26L4Sofarwehavebeentalkingallsemesteraboutrestoringandpreservingpiecesofart,likeancientfrescoesandearlyoilpaintings.labyrinth['l?b?rinè]n.迷宮【頻】1【例】TPO33L4Mazesorlabyrinths,astheyarealsocalled,wereverymoninRenaissancegardens.Screendance屏幕上的舞蹈【頻】1【例】TPO23L4Screendancewhichisrelativelynew,isn’tforeveryone.choreography[,k?r?'?gr?fi]n.編舞【頻】1【例】TPO23L4Thequestionwehavetoaskis,what’sthedifferencebetweenchoreographyforaliveperformanceandchoreographyforonscreenviewing?【衍】Choreographv.設(shè)計(jì)舞蹈動作Moderndance現(xiàn)代舞【頻】1【例】TPO24L2Ithinkthebestanalogytomoderndanceismodernartormodernmusic.tunic['tju:nik]a.束腰外衣【頻】1【例】TPO24L2Duncanworeloose,flowingtunics,andshedancebarefoot.pantomime['p?nt?maim]n.啞劇【頻】1【例】TPO24L2SomesaidDuncan’sartformwasclosertopantomimethantodance.acrobatic[?kr?'b?tik]a.雜技的【頻】1【例】TPO24L2Afterseeingthis,Duncanpubliclydenouncedballetasaformofacrobatics,plicatedande*cruciatingmechanismshecalledit.1.2LiteratureLiterature['l?t(?)r?t??]n.文學(xué)【頻】5【例】TPO4L2BeforeIwasaliteratureprofessor,Iwasanaccountant.poem['p?u?m]n.詩【頻】5【例】TPO13L3Ithoughtpoemswereshorter,theseweremorelikelongstories.【衍】Poetryn.詩歌藝術(shù)，Poetn.詩人novel[?nɑ?vl]n.小說【頻】2【例】TPO27L4Hewrotemanyfamousnovels,plays,poems.【衍】Novelistn.小說家fiction['f?k??n]n.小說【頻】2【例】TPO3L2Infact,Painlevewasknownforsayingthatscienceisfiction.【衍】Fictionala.虛構(gòu)的、小說的Fairytale童話故事【頻】3【例】TPO5L4Withfairytales,thelocationisgenerallyunspecified.character['k?r?kt?]n.角色【頻】3【例】TPO5L4Butalltheotherelements,likethelocationorcharacters,mightbemodifiedforeachaudience.plot[plɑt]

n.情節(jié)【頻】3【例】TPO5L4Nottheplot,thedetailsofwhathappensinthestorywouldremainconstant.Drama['drɑm?]n.戲劇【頻】2【例】TPO7L1Wefirstneedtolookatanearlyformofdramaknownasthewell-madeplay,beginningwithsomeearly19thcenturyediesinFranceprovedverysuccessfulmercially.【衍】edyn.喜劇Folktale民間故事【頻】2【例】TPO5L4Theyseemtobelessrealisticthanfolktales.version['v???(?)n]

n.版本【頻】1【例】TPO5L4Everystorytellermighthavehadaslightlydifferentversionofthesamefolktale.essay['esei]n.散文【頻】1【例】TPO4L2YouwillbereadingoneofEmerson’sbest-knownessays.sketch[sket?]n.素描，梗概【頻】1【例】TPO6L3Whilewritingcharactersketches,dothinkaboutdetails.stereotype['steri?taip]n.刻板印象【頻】1【例】TPO6L3Don’tmakeyourcharacterintoastereotype.cliche['kli:?ei]n.陳詞濫調(diào)【頻】1【例】TPO6L3Becarefulnottomakehimintotheclicheoftheraggedmountaindweller.Medieval[,mid?'iv?l]a.中世紀(jì)的【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Thetwopoemswearelookingattodayfallintothecategoryofmedievaltimes.rhythm['rie?m]n.節(jié)奏，韻律【頻】1【例】TPO13L3It’swrittentomaketheaudiencehavesomekindsofpredictablerhythm.Heroicdeeds英雄事跡【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Theywerewrittentodescribetheheroicdeedsoractionsofwarriors.nobility[no'b?l?ti]n.貴族【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Theywerewrittenfortheknightsandthenobilitythattheyserved.minstrel['m?nstr?l]n.吟游詩人【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Thepoemsweresongsperformedbyaminstrel,singerwhotraveledfromcastletocastle.patriotic[peitri'?tik]a.愛國的【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Hearingthesongsprobablymadethemfeelmorepatriotic.【衍】Patriotn.愛國者Patriotismn.愛國主義troubadour['trub?d?r]n.行吟詩人【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Manytroubadourwereabletomakealivingbeingfulltimepoets.biographical[,bai?'gr?fikl]a.傳記的【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Theyoftenhadsmallbiographicalsketchesaddedtotheirpoems.【衍】Biographyn.傳記，Autobiographyn.自傳Folklegend民間傳說【頻】1【例】TPO20L3Likefolklegends,theyhavebeenpasseddownorally.playwright['pleirait]n.劇作家【頻】1【例】TPO7L1Thisbecamesopopularthattheplaywrightalmosthadtoincludeitineveryplay.denouement[deinu'ma?]n.結(jié)局【頻】1【例】TPO7L1Butthedenouementofferstheaudiencealogicalconclusion.1.3ArchitectureAcoustics[?'k?st?k]

n.聲學(xué)，音質(zhì)【頻】3【例TPO29L2Itwasnotuntilthebeginningofthetwentiethcenturythatarchitecturalacousticsbecameascientificfield.downtown['daun'taun]n.市中心【頻】1【例】TPO13L1Ingeneral,downtownareasjustdon’thavethatmanyresidentialareas,notthatmanypeoplelivethere.pedestrian[p?'d?str??n]n.行人【頻】1【例】TPO13L1Thesepedestrianmallsaretypicallylocatedinthedowntownareaofthe*imity[prɑk's?m?ti]n.鄰近，接近【頻】1【例】TPO13L1Pro*imitytopotentialcustomers,we’llcallacustomerbase.auditorium[,?di't?ri?m]n.禮堂，會堂【頻】1【例】TPO29L2Nowpeoplehavebeenconcernedabouthowsoundcarriesinauditoriumsandtheatersforatleast2000years.reverberation[r?,v?b?'re??n]

n.回響【頻】1【例】TPO29L2WallaceSabinestartedtodoe*tensivestudiesonreverberation.【衍】Reverberatev.回響symphony['s?mf?ni]n.交響樂【頻】1orchestra['?rk?str?]n.管弦樂對【頻】1【例】TPO29L2Ireadthatconcerthallsdesignedforsymphonyorchestrashavetoomuchechoforjazzmusic.rectangular[r?k't??gj?l?]a.矩形的【頻】1【例】TPO29L2Let’ssayyoudesignarectangularbo*-likespacewithbarewallsandceiling.chandelier[,??nd?'l??]n.枝形吊燈【頻】1【例】TPO29L2BeautifulcrystalChandeliersareverygoodatdiffusingsound.he*agonal[h?k's?g?nl]a.六邊形的【頻】1【例】TPO32L4Theroomsinsidethehousewerealsohe*agonalsi*-sided.II.PhysicalScience2.1Geology地質(zhì)學(xué)range[rend?]n.*圍；幅度；山脈【頻】43【例】TPO1L2Mostofusthoughtthesandhadefromanancientmountainrangefairlyclosebythatflattenedoutovertime.That’sbeentheconventionalwisdomamonggeologistsforquitesometime.cave[ke?v]n.洞穴，窯洞【頻】38【例】TPO16L1NowtherearesomeprettyinterestingcavesinpartsofthewesternUnitedStates,especiallyinnationalparks.Thereisonepartthathasoverahundredcaves,includingsomeofthelargestonesintheworld.ore[?r]n.礦；礦石【頻】32【例】TPO32L3Itwasn’ttheminingitselfthatcausedsuchmassivedestruction.Itwaswhathappenedafterthecopperorewase*tractedfromthemines.coral['k?r?l]n.珊瑚；珊瑚蟲【頻】31【例】TPO27L1wehavebeenfairlythoroughinourdiscussionaboutcoralreefs,whichofcourseareprominent,oceanicfeaturesmadeofhardlimestoneskeletonsproducedbytinycoralanimals.Tectonicplate[tek't?n?kple?t]n.板塊【頻】31【例】TPO31L2Thesetectonicplatessupportthecontinentsandoceans.Overtime,thetectonicplatesmoveandshift,whichmovesthecontinentsandtheoceanfloorstoo.glacier['ɡle??]n.冰河，冰川【頻】28【例】TPO7L4It’sreallyknownthatnosecretthattheglaciersflowbecauseofgravity.Buthowtheyflow,thewaytheyflow,needssomee*plaining.【衍】glacialadj.冰的；冰河時代的；glaciationn.冰川作用；凍結(jié)成冰；glaciatev.使冰凍；被冰凍蓋；使受冰川作用；atmosphere['?tm?sf?r]n.氣氛；大氣；空氣【頻】26【例】TPO20L2Thereisthemostcarbondio*ideandmethanegas,uh,greenhousegasesintheatmospherejustafterthebeginningoftheinterglacialperiod.【衍】aatmosphericadj.大氣的，大氣層的；basin['besn]n.流域；盆地【頻】25【例】TPO33L2TheColoradoRiverbasinisaregionintheSouthwestUnitedStates.SevenstatesrelyontheColorado’swater.Andasyoucanimagine,asthepopulationsofthesestatesbegantogrow,itbecameclearthatasystemtodistribute,uh,tomakesureeachstategotitsfairshareofwater.desert['d?z?t]n.沙漠；荒原【頻】24【例】TPO6L4AtaboutthesametimethattheSaharawasbeingadesert...hmm...5,000yearsago,EgyptreallybegantoflourishoutintheNileRivervalley.【衍】desertificationn.荒漠化；沙漠化；desertern.逃兵；背棄者；desertionn.遺棄；開小差；逃亡；Arctic['ɑrkt?k]adj.北極的；極寒的n.北極圈【頻】23【例】TPO24C2WhathappensisthatthecoldArcticairblowsacrossthelakefromthenorthinwinter.Andastheaircrossesthelake,thelowerlayeriswarmedbythelakewater.continent['kɑnt?n?nt]n.洲，陸地【頻】22【例】TPO31L2Soifanoceanfloortectonicplatemeetstheedgeofacontinentandtheypushagainsteachother,theheavieronesinksdownandgoesundertheotherone.【衍】continentaladj.大陸的；大陸性的Sediment['s?d?m?nt]n.沉積；沉淀物【頻】18【例】TPO10L3ThefishingindustryhelpsbringPhosphorusbacktoland.InthenormalwaterphasetheremainingPhosphorusmakesitsway,settlestothebottomoftheoceanandgetsmi*edintooceansediments.【衍】sedimentaryadj.沉淀的；sedimentationn.沉降；limestone['la?mston]n.[巖]石灰?guī)r【頻】11【例】TPO16L1Sulfuricacideatsawayatlimestoneveryaggressively.Soyougetbiggercracksandthenpassagewaysbeingformedalongtheopeningsintherock.distribute[d?'str?bjut]vt.分配；散布【頻】10【例】TPO33L2Withthedemandforwaterinthebasinstaysincreasingandwiththereallikelihoodoflowerflowsintheriver,ifhistoryisourteacher,wecandevelopinnovativemethodsofwaterconservationandreevaluatehowwaterisdistributed.【衍】distributionn.分布；分配；distributorn.經(jīng)銷商；[電]分配器；分配者；crack[kr?k]vi.破裂；n.裂縫【頻】9【例】TPO16L1Youhavewaterfromthesurface,streams,waterfallorwhatever-movingwaterthatflowsthroughcracksfoundinthelimestone.It’sthemovingwateritselfthatwearsawayattherockandmakespassageways.【衍】crackern.爆竹；胡桃鉗crater['kret?]n.火山口【頻】9【例】TPO5L2Anywatermoleculesthatfoundtheirwaytothefloorsofcratersnearthemoon’spoles,thatwaterwouldbeperpetuallyfrozen,becausethefloorsofthosecratersarealwaysinshadow.ridge[r?d?]n.山脊；山脈【頻】9【例】TPO9L3Soduringthesecondrainyperiod,theduneswerekindofchoppedupatthetop,fullofhollowsandridges,andthesehollowswould'vecapturedtherainrightthereonthetop.reef[rif]n.暗礁；[地質(zhì)]礦脈【頻】8【例】TPO27L1Recently,researchershaveuseddatacollectedbymonitoringsurfacewatertemperaturestoimprovetheabilityofareeftorecoverfrombleaching.【衍】reefyadj.多暗灘的；多暗礁的split[spl?t]vt.別離；劈開；n.裂縫【頻】8【例】TPO31L2Well,theseafloorisspilt.Thereisaridge,amountainrangethatrunsnorthandsouththere.AndtherockmaterialflowsupfromEarth’sinteriorhere,atthesplit,whichforcesthetwosidesoftheoceanfloortospreadapart,tomakeroomforthenewrockmaterial.【衍】n.splitter別離機(jī)，分流器；分解器，拆分器；core[k?r]n.核心；地心【頻】7【例】TPO26L3Now,yourememberfromourpreviousdiscussionthataet’snucleus,itscore,ismadeupoficeanddust,likeafrozensnowball．crust[kr?st]n.地殼；外殼【頻】7【例】TPO31L2Aswe’vediscussed,Earth’scrustismadeupoflargeplatesthatrestonamantleofmoltenrock.Theseplates…uh…nowthesetectonicplatessupportthecontinentsandoceans.【衍】crustyadj.有殼的；crustaladj.殼的，地殼的；mantle['m?ntl]n.地幔；覆蓋物【頻】7【例】TPO31L2Astheoceanfloorplatebeginstosinkdownintothemantle,itwoulddragorpulltheentireplatealongwithit.Somoreandmoreofthisplate,theoceanfloor,wouldgodownunderthecontinentintothemantle.slide[sla?d]vi.滑動；滑落；n.雪崩【頻】7【例】TPO7L3Soiceatthebaseoftheglaciermelts.Andthisresultsinathinlayerofwaterbetweentheglacierandtheground.Thislayerofwaterreducesfrictionis...islikealubricant.Anditallowstheglaciertoslideorslipoverthebedrock.【衍】n.slider滑動器；滑雪者；滾動之物canyon['k?nj?n]n.峽谷【頻】6【例】TPO1L2Now,wegeologiststhoughtwehadaprettygoodideaofhowtheGrandcanyoninthesouthwesternUnitedStateswasformed.Weknewthatitwasformedfromsandstonethatsolidifiedsomewherebetween150and300millionyearsago.lava['lɑv?]n.火山巖漿；熔巖【頻】6【例】TPO24L4Now,thelavaonVenusisthin.Itspreadsouteasily.Soshieldvolcanoeshaveverygentleslopingsides.Theyarecalledshieldvolcanoes.hemisphere['h?m?sf?r]n.半球【頻】5【例】TPO17L2Whichmakesearth,andinparticular,thenorthernhemisphere,warmer.Andwhyisthatimportant?well,becausemostoftheplanet’sglaciersareinthenorthernhemisphere,andifitgetstoowarm,thenglacierswillstopforming.【衍】hemisphericadj.半球的，半球形狀的；mineral['m?n?r?l]n.礦物；無機(jī)物【頻】5【例】TPO17L2Overmillionsofyears,groundwaterleftdepositsofamineralcalledcalcite,ontherockwithinDevil'sHole.Andbystudyingtheseclacitedeposits,wecandeterminetheclimateconditions,thetemperaturesoverthelasthalfmillionyears.【衍】minen.礦，礦藏；礦山，礦井；mineralogyn.礦物學(xué)；minev.開采，采掘；mineralizev.使礦物化；precipitation[pr?'s?p?'te??n]n.降水，降雨【頻】5【例】TPO9L2Second,mostoftheprecipitationintheArcticisintheformofsnow.Andthesnow,whichblanketsthegroundinthewinter,actuallyhasaninsulatingeffectonthesoilbeneathit.【衍】precipitatev.沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成為雨或雪等；swamp[swɑmp]n.沼澤；濕地【頻】5【例】TPO11L3Wetlandsareareasofmarshy,swampyland,areaswherewatercoversthesoil,orispresenteitheratornearthesurfaceofthesoilforalargepartoftheyear.【衍】swampyadj.沼澤的；濕地的；松軟的eruption[?'r?p??n]n.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)【頻】3【例】TPO24L4It'squitepossiblethatthisisduetovolcaniceruptions,becausevolcanic