語法填空解題技巧市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

語法填空

解題技巧

第1頁第1頁1、閱讀/理解語篇能力;2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)能力;3、純熟利用語法能力。1.語法填空題—能力要求第2頁第2頁What’stheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskGrammarFilling?三步完畢:概讀理解–分析填空–連貫檢查語法詞法句法章法慣使用辦法思考：面對語法填空中如此繁雜語法點，我們到底該如何入手呢?

第3頁第3頁GroupWork

Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutgarmmarofblanksfrom21to30.討論歸納語法填空以要求依據(jù)上下文填入一個以動詞(verb)（或其適當(dāng)形式）、名詞(noun)、代詞(pronoun)、冠詞(article)、介詞(prep.)、情態(tài)動詞(modalverbs)、連詞(conj)或引導(dǎo)詞、形容詞(adj.)和副詞(adv.)考察各項語法內(nèi)容。第4頁第4頁

3.語法填空題—空格設(shè)計純空格介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，從句引導(dǎo)詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞等有提醒詞謂語動詞，非謂語動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞比較級或最高級第5頁第5頁3.Thelittleboypulled[33]________righthandoutofthepocket…

冠詞或(物主)代詞無提醒詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.

2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]________shy,nervousperfectionist.

the

a

his考察語法點:定冠詞,不定冠詞,物主代詞使用辦法討論歸納第6頁第6頁歸納總結(jié)：假如句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后面是名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），前面無限定詞，就應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮空格處是否需要填冠詞(a/the)、不定代詞(any,no,some,all,every….)和形容詞性物主代詞(my,her,their,its…)，名詞所有格等進(jìn)行修飾。

第7頁第7頁連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞無提醒詞兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接1.Itwasnotlong[39]_________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.2.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,____itwasimpossibletocontrol

it.

before考察語法點:各類復(fù)合句中連詞,引導(dǎo)詞使用辦法討論歸納

找出謂語動詞；分清楚句子層次

理清分句關(guān)系；克服干擾，劃掉修飾成份but第8頁第8頁歸納總結(jié)：1從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，假如空格前后都有句子。則要依據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)副詞或連詞。表原因：because,for,since等表結(jié)果：so,therefore,hence,thus等表遞進(jìn)：further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等表轉(zhuǎn)折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,While,althouhgh,though等第9頁第9頁2假如兩個句子（即兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有分號或句號，也沒相關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或引導(dǎo)，則填并列連詞或從屬連詞

that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why(引導(dǎo)定語從句)that,whether,if,whose,which,who,what,when,where,how,why(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)when,before,after,until,while,because,so,if,unless,although,as(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)and,orbut(連接并列句）第10頁第10頁介詞無提醒詞與名詞相連構(gòu)成介賓短語擔(dān)任狀語,補(bǔ)語,表語等與不及物動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語接賓語1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]__________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.

of

at考察語法點:介詞基本使用辦法及慣用搭配討論歸納第11頁第11頁歸納總結(jié)名詞或代詞前面空格也也許填介詞。如句子不缺主語、表語、動詞后不缺賓語情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填介詞。介詞可位于名詞之前如：atnight,onSunday也可位于形容詞之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat還可位于不及物動詞之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor第12頁第12頁特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)1Sherememberedhowdifficult___wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2Little____weknowhislife.3____coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.4I____gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidn'tseeher.5Itwasinthestreet____Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.itdoSodidthat第13頁第13頁歸納總結(jié)由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填詞1由itis...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型2由it作形式主語或賓語句式3so\such...that...句型4構(gòu)成倒裝條件only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等5強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞要填do,does,did.第14頁第14頁★有提醒詞解題技巧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語境謂語動詞（時態(tài)和語態(tài)）非謂語動詞名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞比較級或最高級有提醒詞第15頁第15頁動詞給出提醒詞為動詞時，我們應(yīng)首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷該動詞在句中是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，或者是否需要轉(zhuǎn)換詞性等，然后再詳細(xì)解題。第16頁第16頁謂語動詞有提醒詞與主語構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI[39]_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure[36]__________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.

wastold

kept考察語法點:謂語動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài),及主謂一致討論歸納第17頁第17頁技巧1①：句中沒有謂語，或者即使已有謂語動詞，但需填詞與已存在謂語主語一致，且中間有并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時，需填詞則是謂語動詞。時態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后。例1.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_________(close)mybookandwalkedaway.

closed第18頁第18頁例2.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmorepeople__________(leave)townsandfarmstomovetocities.Thismovement(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.

areleaving第19頁第19頁例3.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirectionsthatthecarindustryistaking.Alsotheindustry___________________(produce)carsthatpollutelessandhavealessharmfuleffectontheenvironmentthesedays.isproducing第20頁第20頁例4.Nobodyknowswhat_____________________(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.wouldhavehappened例5.Theinternationalagreement,intendedtoencouragechildrennottosmokeand___________(help)peoplekickthehabit,____________(sign)onFebruary27lastsummer.helpwassigned第21頁第21頁例6.……Thehappiest(happy)ofpeopledon’tnecessarily(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_______(come)es例7.…….Thecountrylifehewasusedto____________（change）greatlysincetheopeningpolicywascarriedout.haschanged第22頁第22頁非謂語動詞有提醒詞除謂語動詞以外動詞形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.

receiving

tocomplete

included考察語法點:非謂語動詞及變形使用討論歸納第23頁第23頁技巧2：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要擬定用doing形式，done形式，還是todo形式。非謂語形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間關(guān)系。第24頁第24頁例10.……butitisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.tomemorize例11.……_________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary……Speaking注意：作主語或賓語時，通慣用doing/beingdone形式表示習(xí)慣或普通情況；用todo/tobedone形式表示詳細(xì)情況或未來；作狀語用havingdone/havingbeendone表示已發(fā)生。第25頁第25頁例12.……____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocomplete例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_____________(success.)tosucceed注意：作目狀語或者在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般用todo形式。例13.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.topass第26頁第26頁例15.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwilllbeverydark.”saying注意：分詞作伴隨狀語，原因狀語，條件狀語等時，要看它與邏輯主語關(guān)系擬定形式。第27頁第27頁例16.Therewillbeameeting,_______(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.learned注意：分詞做后置定語也要看它與被修飾詞之間關(guān)系擬定形式。starting例17.…….Lessons_________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.第28頁第28頁例18.At9:07pm,Sept.25,TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftwasliftedbythelongMarchⅡ-Fcarrierrocketintospace.ThelaunchoftheShenzhouVIIisChina’sthirdmannedspaceventuresinceOctober23,whenitjoinedRussiaandtheUnitedStatesastheonlycountries_____________(send)astronautsitnospace.注意：名詞前有first,second,…last,only修飾時，后面要用todo/tohavedone做后置定語。tohavesenttheonly第29頁第29頁例19.Mr.Greenwasdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad______（repair）gowrongagain.注意：固定結(jié)構(gòu)如：havesth.done,seesth.done,thewaytodo等。repaired例20.Canyoutellmethewayyouthoughtof___________(work)outtheproblem.towork第30頁第30頁詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

有提醒詞介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動詞或整個句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).2.Oneofthe[33]__________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.

rudely

worst

suggestion考察語法點:各類詞性正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化討論歸納第31頁第31頁技巧2：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先擬定在句中成份。dangerous例19.Ina_________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto……例20.Theremustbesomething_________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.seriously第32頁第32頁varieties例21.…….ZhengShouying,aprofessorattheFordScienceandTechnologyCollegeofNanjingAgricultureUniversity,believesChineseshouldlearntopickthebestmilkfromthe__________(vary)thatfillstoreshelves.第33頁第33頁harder例23.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould….Hejumpedeven________(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.unnecessary例22.Yourmistakecausedalotof____________(necessity)workintheoffice.第34頁第34頁請用剛剛總結(jié)考點,嘗試用下面短文,進(jìn)行語法填空命題1挖出你認(rèn)為會考10個空；2注明理由（比如：介詞+名詞）；3時間：3分鐘。

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.Nooneknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape.第35頁第35頁考點分布考點數(shù)量動詞(謂語/非謂語)名詞連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞)介詞代詞冠詞形容詞副詞第36頁第36頁

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire___1_____destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths___2_____thefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25___3____oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.__4____firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire____5__onthe11thfloor.___6___knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan___7___(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_8___itwasimpossibletocontrol__9__.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove____10___(escape).Onepossibleversion

第37頁第37頁Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire________destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths________thefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25_______oftheofficebuildingwerecomp