Unit教學知識細解碼Word版含解析3

1．illustratevt.(舉例)說明；闡明；給(書或文章)加插圖→illustrationn．插圖；圖示；解釋→illustrativeadj2．preciousadj.珍稀的；寶貴的→preciousnessn．寶貴；可貴3．marriagen．結(jié)婚；婚姻→marryvt.(和某人)結(jié)婚；嫁；娶→marriedadj.已婚的4．majoradj.主要的；重要的→majorityn．大部分；大多數(shù)5．complainvt.&vi.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→complaint6．respondvt.回答；回復vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→responsen．反應(yīng)；回答；回復7．rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用→rejectionn．拒絕接受(相信……)；否決8．a(chǎn)ppointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．約會；預約；約定9．electvt.選舉；推選→electionn．選舉；推選；當選10．scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇→scaredadj.害怕的；對……感到驚慌或恐懼的11．energyn．精力；活動→energeticadj.精力充沛的；充滿活力的1．moraladj.道德的；道義上的n.品行；道德；寓意①Youshouldfollowthetraditionalmoralstandards.道德的②Youngpeoplehavenomoralsthesedays.品行；道德③Themoralisthatcrimedoesn'tpay.寓意，教益2．faintvi.昏倒；暈厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的①Wecouldheartheirvoicesgrowingfainterastheywalkeddowntheroad.微弱的②Thewomaninfrontofmefaintedsuddenly.昏倒3．tendvt.照顧；照料vi.傾向；趨于；常常就；往往會①Womentendtolivelongerthanmen.往往會②Priceshavetendeddownwardsoverrecentyears.傾向；趨于③Thenurseistendingtheinjured.照顧WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識要點1)carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過難關(guān)(教材P16)ThesewordsofDr.LinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman，andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚這一席話使我們得以窺見這位非凡女性的內(nèi)心世界，并了解是什么支撐她渡過充滿艱難抉擇的一生。[例1]Hisdeterminationcarriedhimthroughthehardtime.他靠堅強的信心渡過了這段艱難的歲月。[例2]Itwasyourhelpthatcarriedthemthroughthehardesttimeintheforeigncountry.就是你的幫助使她們渡過了在國外艱難的日子。[造句]就是對醫(yī)學的熱愛支撐她渡過充滿艱難抉擇的一生。Itwasthelovetomedicinethatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.[知識拓展]carrysb.backtosth.使回想起；使回憶carryoff 贏得；獲得；成功的對付carryon 繼續(xù)移動carryout 實施；執(zhí)行；落實carrysth.through 成功完成；順利實現(xiàn)[即學即練]單句語法填空①It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarryitthrough．②Theyarecarryingouttheplannow.③PleasecarryonwithyourworkwhileI'maway.④Hecarriedoffmostoftheprizes.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點2)majority大部分；大多數(shù)(教材P16)Atage18，insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls，shechosetostudymedicine.在十八歲時她選擇了學醫(yī)而不是像大多數(shù)女孩那樣走傳統(tǒng)的婚姻之路。[例1]Boysareverymuchintheminorityatthedancingclass.舞蹈班里男生占極少數(shù)。[例2]Ourcountryisatraditionalagriculturalsociety，withamajorityoffarmingpopulation.我們的國家是一個傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)社會，農(nóng)村人口占絕大多數(shù)。[例3]Forexample，ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert，themajorityareovertheageoffifty.例如，你看一看聽古典音樂會的觀眾，大部分是五十歲以上的。[造句](2015·浙江卷)當我有不同的觀點時，我可能會選擇放棄自己的觀點并尊重大多數(shù)人的觀點。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority.[知識拓展](1)a/themajorityof...大多數(shù)……beinthe/amajority 占大部分/大多數(shù)(2)minorityn. 少數(shù)beintheminority 占少數(shù)(3)majorn．&v. 主修；專業(yè)majorin 主修……；以……為專業(yè)[即學即練]單句語法填空①Onlyasmallnumberofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletakingsubwaytoworkareinthemajority.②Themajorityofthelandhasbeendestroyed(destroy)sofar.③Someoftheplaystoldsadstories，butthemajorityoftheplayswere(be)reallyfunny.[提示](1)themajority單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單復數(shù)形式均可。(2)themajorityof＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(復數(shù)名詞＋復數(shù)謂語動詞,不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語動詞))eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點3)respondvt.回答；回復vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)(教材P16)Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答說“我寧愿為終身學習而保持單身”。[例1]Cliverespondedtomysuggestionwithalaugh.克利夫?qū)ξ姨岬慕ㄗh報以一笑。[例2]Thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimisticwhenaskedaboutthecompany'sfuture.問到公司的未來的時候，經(jīng)理回答說他依然樂觀。[造句]你可以相信他迎接挑戰(zhàn)的能力。Youcanrelyonhimtorespondtoachallenge.[知識拓展](1)respondtosth.對……做出反應(yīng)/回答(2)responsen.回答；反應(yīng)inresponseto 對……做出反應(yīng)make(a)responseto回答/響應(yīng)……；對……做出反應(yīng)[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thediseasequicklyrespondedtothetreatment.②Inresponsetotheaudience'sgreatdemand，theplaywill/wouldbeputoninthetheatretwiceaweek.③Hemadenoresponse(respond)tomysuggestion，whichmademeverydisappointed.[小片段助記]Hecameupwiththesuggestiononthequestionatthemeetlastnight.Somepeoplequicklyrespondedtothesuggestionwhilethemajorityofthempresentatthemeetmadenoresponsetoit.Sotheydecidedtohaveanothermeetinresponsetothequestion.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點4)rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用(教材P16)Dr.Lin，however，rejectedtheoffer.然而，林博士拒絕了他們的邀請。[例1]Theprimeministerrejectedanyideaofreformingthesystem.首相對任何改革體制的想法都不予考慮。[例2]SeventeenpublishersrejectedthemanuscriptbeforeJenkssawitspotential.17家出版社回絕了這部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潛在價值。[造句]所有我申請的大學都沒有錄取我。I'vebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIappliedto.[知識拓展](1)rejectsth.拒絕接受某事；不予考慮某事(2)rejectionn. 拒絕接受；否決[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thenewmanager'sproposalmetwithfirmrejection(reject)．②Hesaidthathehadbeenrejected(reject)bytheuniversityhehadbeendreamingof.[小片段助記]Johnhasbeendreamingofworkinginthecompany.Heinsistsonapplyingforajobinthecompanythough，hehasbeenrejected(reject)manytimes.Onceheevensaidtheirrejection(reject)madehimmoreeagertowantajobinit.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點5)appointvt.任命；委派(教材P16)In1941，Dr.LinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital，...在1941年，林博士成為第一位曾被任命為協(xié)和醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科主任的中國女性，……[例1]Dotheyappointhimasthesecretary?他們?nèi)蚊麨槊貢藛?？[例2]Theyhaveappointedanewheadteacheratmyson'sschool.我兒子讀書的學校任命了一位新校長。[例3]IhaveanappointmentwithDr.Smith，butIneedtochangeit.我與史密斯醫(yī)生有約，但是我需要改約。[造句]他們?nèi)蚊麨橛⒏裉m隊隊長。TheyappointedhimascaptainoftheEnglishteam.[知識拓展](1)appointsb.toapost派某人任某職appointsb.as/tobe... 任命某人為……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)make/haveanappointmentwithsb.與某人約會/預約keep/breakanappointment 守/違約[即學即練]單句語法填空①Hewasappointed(appoint)generalmanagerforhisrichexperience.②TheyappointTomtotake(take)chargeofalltheactivitiesonthatday.③Ifyouwanttoseethedoctor，you'dbetterhaveanappointment(appoint)withhiminadvance.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點6)electvt.選舉；推選(教材P17)In1954，shewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople'sCongressand，...1954年，她第一次被選為人大代表，……[例1]Heiselectedtobetheleadershipoftheparty.他被推舉為黨的領(lǐng)導人。[例2]Youcanelecttostayheretill5o'clockorleaveatonce.你可以選擇在這里待到5點或者馬上離開。[造句]購買者可選擇逐月分期付款。Purchaserscanelecttopayinmonthlyinstallment.[知識拓展](1)electtodosth.選擇做某事electsb.to... 選舉某人進入……electsb.(as)．..選舉某人擔任……electsb.todosth. 選舉某人做某事(2)electionn. 選舉[即學即練]單句語法填空①Hewaselectedasourmonitoratthebeginningoftheterm.②IfIamluckytobeelected(elect)，Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.③Thelowlevelofinterestintheelection(elect)hasbeenreflectedintheunwillingnessofthecitizenstovote.[小片段助記]Hewaselectedasourmonitorintheelectionofourclassyesterday.Asourmonitor，hecanelecttomanageourclassbyhimself，andhecanalsoelectsomeclassmatestohelphimtomanageit.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點7)tendvt.照顧；照料vi.傾向；趨于(教材P17)Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients，...她更感興趣的是照顧病人，……[例1]Theoldtendtobecheatedeasily.老年人更容易被欺騙。[例2]Shetended(to)herhusbandcarefullyduringhisillness.丈夫生病期間，她無微不至地照顧他。[造句]這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.[知識拓展](1)tendtodo...往往會/易于做某事……tend(to)sb./sth.照顧/護理/看護……(2)tendencyn. 傾向Thereisatendency(forsb.)todosth.＝(sb.)have/hasatendencytowardssth./todosth.傾向于(做)……[提示]“照料，護理”的多種表達法：lookafter/takecareof/keepaneyeon/attend(to)[即學即練]單句語法填空①Theboytends(tend)tolikeplayingfootball.②Hetended(tend)mydogwhileIwasaway.[小片段助記]Nowthereisatendencyformoreandmoreyoungpeopletotakeexerciseinthegym.Becausetherearesometrainerstendingtoyouwhenyouareintroublethere.You'dbetternotgothereatabout6：00，sinceittendstogetverycrowdedthen.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點8)scareadj.害怕的；對……感到驚慌和恐懼的(教材P17)Shewassoscaredduringtheinterviewthatshecompletelyforgothowsheshouldrespondtothequestions.在面試時，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答問題。[例1]Sheisscaredofgoingoutalone.她不敢一個人外出。[例2]ItscaredmetothinkIwasaloneinthebuilding.想到樓里只有我一個人我挺害怕的。[造句]我告訴自己它們并不危險，但是這樣一點兒也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！Itoldmyselftheyweren'tdangerousbutthatdidn'tstopmefromfeelingscaredtodeathforamomentscare...away...把……嚇跑(2)bescaredof(doing)sth.害怕(做)某事(3)scaringadj. 令人害怕的[即學即練]單句語法填空①Mostofusareeagerforsuccessandscaredoffailure.②Thepoorgirlwassoscared(scare)thatshenearlyburstintotears.③Hewasscaredtodeath(die)onseeingtheterrifyingscene.④Thatscaring(scare)moviewassoterrifyingthatMarkfeltfrightenedatthethoughtofit.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點9)replacevt.接替；取代；更換(教材P17)ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeonetoreplacethesecretary.學生會將在一月召開一個特別會議，來選舉一個人接替這位秘書。[例1]JohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingtotaketheplaceof(＝replace)him.約翰病了，我想知道誰將代替他。[例2]Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.他們用昂貴的新跑車取代了心愛的舊車。[造句]有一類密碼用符號來代替單詞、短語或句子。There'sacodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.[知識拓展](1)replaceAwith/byB用B取代Areplacesb.as... 取代某人成為……(2)taketheplaceofsb.＝takesb.'splace代替某人inplaceof 代替inplace 在適當?shù)奈恢茫‘數(shù)腫即學即練]單句語法填空①Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplacedby/withcomputersinclass.②Shecan'tattendthemeeting，soherassistantwilltaketheplaceofher.③Nowthatthesebasicswereinplace，Iwasreadytogoallouttocarryouttheplan.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)否定詞與比較級連用表示最高級句式(教材P16)Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...對一個人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更加珍貴了……句式分析：否定詞＋比較級“沒有比……更……；沒有像……一樣……”，常用的否定詞有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。[例1]Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor—Ireallycouldn'taskforabetterboss.為史蒂文森先生工作真好——我實在找不到比他更好的老板了。[例2]AsfarasI'mconcerned，nothingismoreimportantthanhardstudy.就我個人而言，沒有什么比努力學習更重要的了。[造句]沒有比時間更貴重的東西，但其他東西也同樣寶貴。Nothingismorevaluablethantime，butnothingislessvalued.[知識拓展](1)比較級＋than＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋單數(shù)名詞,（all）theother＋復數(shù)名詞,anyoneelse,anyoftheother＋復數(shù)名詞,therestof＋復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞))(2)can/could＋never/not＋be＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容詞/副詞＋enough,too＋形容詞/副詞))[即學即練](1)單句語法填空①IenjoyedmyselfatthepartylastnightbecauseIhadneverbeentoamoreexciting(exciting)onebefore.②Tomismoreintelligent(intelligent)thananyotherstudentinhisclass.③Remember，nooneisbetter(good)thanyouandnooneissmarter(smart)thanyou.(2)完成句子①你的故事太完美了；我之前從來沒有聽過比這更好的故事。Yourstoryisperfect；I'veneverheardabetteronebefore．②湯姆是我們班最高的學生。Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.③過馬路時，你越小心越好。Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事(教材P16)Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答說：“我寧愿為終生學習而保持單身！”句式分析：句中wouldrather(not)dosth.意為“寧愿(不)做某事”。[例1]Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他更愿意把時間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上。[例2]Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewouldrathernotliveinbigcities.現(xiàn)在越來越多的人寧愿不住在大城市里。[造句]為了過低碳生活，有些人寧愿騎車而不是開車去上班。Tolivealowcarbonlife，somepeoplewouldratherrideabikethandriveacartowork.[提示]①使用wouldrather...than...句型時要注意平行結(jié)構(gòu)，即than的前后要用兩個同類的詞或詞組，如兩個名詞、兩個介詞短語等。②wouldrather后跟that從句要用虛擬語氣。[即學即練](1)一句多譯簡是一個文靜的女孩，她寧愿待在圖書館也不愿去看電影。①Janeisaquietgirl，whowouldratherstayinthelibrarythangotoseeamovie.②Janeisaquietgirl，whopreferstostayinthelibraryratherthangotoseeamovie.③Janeisaquietgirl，whoprefersstayinginthelibrarytogoingtoseeamovie.(2)單句語法填空①Shewouldratheryoucame(come)tomorrowthantoday.②Iwouldratheryouhadfinished(finish)yourhomeworkyesterday.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式3)see表“見證；目睹；經(jīng)歷”時的用法(教材P17)ThenewPeople'sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.新的中華人民共和國見證了林巧稚博士所起的關(guān)鍵作用。句式分析：see意為“見證；目睹；經(jīng)歷”時，常以表示時代、年代、世紀或地點的名詞作主語，表示某時或某地“目睹、發(fā)生、經(jīng)歷”了某事。[例1]NationalDaysawpeoplesinginganddancinghappilyinthestreet.Theywereallverycheerful.國慶節(jié)人們在大街上高興地又唱又跳。他們都興高采烈。[例2]Theoldtemplehasseengreatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.這座古廟見證了過去二百年里這個村莊的巨大變遷。[造句]過去40年來見證了我國各個領(lǐng)域的巨大變化。Thelastfortyyearshaveseenmanygreatchangesinmanyfieldsofourcountry.[知識拓展]與see用法相同的動詞有find，witness，say，experience等，這些詞在句中作謂語，用物作主語時，表示一種擬人的手法，以增添語言色彩，使表達更形象。[即學即練](1)單句語法填空①Thecitysaw(see)aseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhitesinthe1960sandDr.Kingwasshottodeathin1968.②Theyear1949witnessed(witness)thefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.③Witheconomydevelopingatgreatspeed，ourcityhaswitnessed(witness)quiteafewchangesinrecentyears.(2)完成句子①過去的三十年里制定了大量保障我們權(quán)利的法律。Thelastthirtyyearshavewitnessedalargenumberoflawsguaranteeingusourrights.②黃昏時，一個小女孩在街上哭。Theduskfoundalittlegirlcryinginthestreet.1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife，andiftheyentrustmewiththatlife，howcouldIrefusethattrust，sayingI'mcold，hungryortired?[分析]本句為并列句，由and連接，在后一個句子中，有if引導的條件狀語從句，并且saying在后一句中作伴隨狀語。[譯文]對一個人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更加珍貴了，如果他們把生命托付給我，我怎么能拒絕他們的信任，說我冷、餓或累呢？2．ShegreatlyimpressedherAmericancolleagues，whoinvitedhertostay.Dr.Lin，however，rejectedtheoffer.[分析]本句為并列句，由however引導表示轉(zhuǎn)折。在前一個句子中有一個由who引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾colleagues。[譯文]她給她的美國同事留下了深刻印象，他們邀請她留在美國。然而，林博士拒絕了他們的邀請。教材高考1.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...(2015·湖南卷)Asastudent，Icantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbymyteacherbeforemyclassmates.2.Dr.Lindidn'tretireuntilthedayshedied.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)．..Shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.3.Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysician...(2019·北京卷)Thestudentswhohe'sdrivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians...Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Asweallknow，nothingismoreprecious(precious)thanhealth.2．Sheresponded(respond)tomyquestionafterawhile.3．Themajorityofthepeoplewere/are(be)infavourofthesuggestionatthemeeting.4．Herejected(reject)theofferofstudyinginAmericaandsettleddowntohisworkathome.5．Atlasthewasappointed(appoint)asmanagerofthecompany.6．Hehasworkedthelandforabout4decades(decade)sincehegraduatedfromthecollege.7．Theoldandtheyoungtendtobecheated(cheat)moreeasilythanothers.8．Afterretirement(retire)，IintendtolearncookingandFrench.9．Itgivestheoldmangreatpleasuretomeettheseenergetic(energy)youngpeople.10．Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplaced(replace)withcomputersinclass.Ⅱ.語境填空moraldilemma；carrysb.throughsth.；inthemajority；tuitionfees；respondto；inresponseto；residentphysician；tendto；replace...with；bescaredof1．Whenhemetwiththemoraldilemma，hedidn'tknowhowtodealwithit.2．Thelittlegirlwasscaredofst