2020屆二輪復(fù)習短文語法填空分類解題指導(dǎo)之八：定語從句

2020屆二輪復(fù)習短文語法填空分類解題指導(dǎo)之八：定語從句明備考方向語法填空?？键c短文改錯常考點寫作常用句式1.關(guān)系代詞1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句1.Asweallknow.../Aswho ，該用which而誤用其他關(guān)isknowntoall...whom,系詞（如that）；“眾所周知……”whose,2.關(guān)系代詞who,whom,2.such...as...which,whose,which,that^^“像……這樣的……”that,as的失；3.thesame...as.../the用法；3.關(guān)系代詞who,whomsameas...2.關(guān)系副詞的錯用；“像……一樣的”

where,when,why的用法；3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。.先行詞是人或物時，關(guān)系代詞who,which的錯用；.關(guān)系代詞as的錯用；.關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的誤用；.人稱代詞與關(guān)系代詞的誤用。.oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”……中的一個，，.theonlyoneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句“……中唯一的一個”.由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。...,which...（which代替上文整句話，譯為“這一點”）攻重點難點分清句子成分，巧辨定語從句中抽象或具體（人與物）（一）尋找先行詞，辨別人與物先行詞指人時常用who,whom,that；指物時常用that,whichoI'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中遇到的同校同學成了好朋友。Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題有可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。（二）判斷所缺成分，選擇關(guān)系詞當定語從句部分缺少主語、賓語、定語時，要想到分別采用who（指人）,whom（指人），that（指人或物）,which（指物）,whose（指人或物）；當定語從句部分缺少時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語時，要想到分別采用when,where,why。（2018?6月浙江高考）ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.許多來到中國的西方人一旦意識到在外面吃飯是多么的便宜,他們做飯的時間就會大大少于在他們自己國家的次數(shù)。Theannualcampusbookfairaimstoprovideaplatformwherestudentscanhaveachancetoexchangeandmakeuseoftheirbooks.每年一度的校園書展目的是提供一個平臺，在這個平臺里學生有機會交換利用他們的書籍。Thereasonwhymostpeopleliketravelingisthattheycanfeelthebeautyofthenatureandbreathethefreshairatthesametime.許多人喜歡旅游是因為他們可以感受大自然的美景，同時也可以呼吸新鮮的空氣。Ourschoolwillholdanactivitywhosethemeis“ForeignersTellChineseStories”nextweek.下周，我們學校將舉辦主題為“外國人講中國故事”的一項活動。(三)識別特殊定語從句，分清限制性、非限制性定語從句.先行詞those后常用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。Sheiswarmhearted,soitisnosurprise/wonderthatshealwayshelpsthosewhoareintrouble.她是一個熱心腸的人，因此她經(jīng)常幫助那些處于困境中的人們就不足為奇了。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。as“正如，正像“，既可位于句首也可位于句末(1)Astheoldsayinggoes,...常言道，……(2)Asweallknow,.../Asisknowntousall...眾所周知，……(3)Asisoftenthecase...是常有的事Justasthesayinggoes,“Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest”正如諺語所言：“獨木難成林?！?“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，如果先行詞指人，用whom指代人且不能省略，指物用which且不能省略。Manytraditionalartsarelosingnowadays,someowhicharebeingreplacedbymodernproducts.如今許多傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)正在消失，其中一些正被現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品所取代。.非限制性定語從句，指人時用亞卜。，指物時用which;牢記that不能用于非限制性定語從句。Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.這個男孩離家一個星期了，這使他父母很擔心。5.定語從句中用that不用which的情況：(1)當先行詞是all,any,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞或被它們修飾時。(2)當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。(3)當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時。(4)當先行詞既有人又有物時。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.這正是我想讀的書。練高頻題點語法填空題點全練（2019?全國卷口網(wǎng)0亞IreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfieldwhichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes..（2018?全國卷1）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.（2019,江蘇高考改編）Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.（2018?天津高考改編）Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.（2018?江蘇高考改編）SelfdrivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.（2019?天津高考改編）Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences..（2019?山西五地市高三聯(lián)考）AmongthemisonecommunityinFloridawherelocalpeopleandgovernmentofficialsareprovingsuccessfulinprotectingcoastalcitiesfromthedangersofrisingsealevels.（2019?青島質(zhì)量檢測）Therearemanyreasonswhycollegeanduniversitystudentsoftenfailtogetafullnight'sofsleep.（2019?臨川一中等九校聯(lián)考）Meanwhile,ChinawillhostthesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinApril.Atthisevent,theBeltandRoadInitiative,whichhashugepotentialtodriveeconomicgrowth,willtakegreatershape.U.短文改錯題點全練（2019?全國卷1）Ibecameinterestedinplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.wherefwhen.（2019?全國卷田）Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.whalthat/which（2018?全國卷1）Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.whichfwhere或which前力口in（2017?全國卷口）1口theirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that^which（2017?全國卷川）Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.theyfthat/which.（2019?臨川一中等九校聯(lián)考）We'llclimbHuangshanMountaininthemorning,onwhichtopwe'llhaveapicnicatthenoon.whichfwhose（2019?甘肅第一次診斷）What'smore,thiseventcanattractmorevisitorstoourcity,wherewillimproveourtourism.wherefwhich.Thenumberofsmokers,whichisreported,hasdroppedby17%injustoneyear.whichfas［課堂應(yīng)用體驗］I.完成句子并改寫成定語從句.你可以尋找和你有相同興趣的人，你可能會和他們相處得很好。Youcanlookforpeoplewiththesameinterestasyou.Youare_likely_to_get_along_withthem.fYoucanlookforpeoplewiththesameinterestasyou,who/whom_you_are_likely_to_get_along_with..第二，你會交到一些好朋友，他們也很喜歡打乒乓球。Secondly,you'llmakesomegoodfriendsandthey_are_also_interested_in_playing_table_tennis.fSecondly,you'llmakesomegoodfriendsthat/who_are_also_interested_in_playing_table_tennis..這幅照片為我們展示了一個動人的時刻，在這一刻，一個小女孩來問候正在工作中的媽媽。Thepictureshowsusatouchingmomentwhen_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_working_mom．fThepictureshowsusatouchingmomentat_which_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_working_mom,（用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”改寫）.人們也可以選擇在一個團隊中工作，在團隊中他們可以向彼此學習。Peoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,where_they_can_learn_from_each_other．fPeoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,in_which_they_can_learn_from_each__other.（用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”改寫）.與動物照相對它們有壞的影響，這種行為打擾它們的休息。Takingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals.It_greatly_disturbs_theirrest.fTakingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals,which_greatly_disturbs_their,rest.(用定語從句改寫)L語法填空(2019?黑龍江省六校協(xié)作體一模)Ifyouaremakingrepairsonyourhome,youcouldtaketheopportunitytoaddsomeenergysaving1—(measure)atthesametime.Thisisoftenthebestway_2—(save)energyinacosteffectiveway.Youneedtolookatthebuilding_3—awholetomakethemostsuitableimprovements,takingaccountofthefollowing：Thefirststepistoassesswhereandhowenergy4(consume)currentlyinthebuilding,includinghowandwhenroomsareheated.Nextisyourhome'sconstructionandcondition.It'simportanttofixanything5—mightaffectyourhome'sheatingperformance,suchasbadlyfittingwindowsordampwalls.Lastly,understanding_6—(exact)whatissignificantaboutthecharacterofanolderbuildingisakeyto_7—(improve)itsenergyefficiency.Speaktoyourlocalauthorityconservationofficerwhenmakingchangestoabuildinginaconservationarea.Followingthesesteps_8—(assist)youinassessingwhatworkmightbeneededin__9__shortorlongterm,allowingyoutofocusonthoseareasthatneedthemostattentionandwillgivea10—(reason)return.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者主要介紹了如何改造舊房子以節(jié)省能源。measures考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的“some”和下文介紹的多種措施以及“measure”為可數(shù)名詞可知，此處用measure的復(fù)數(shù)形式。tosave考查非謂語動詞。way后的定語有三種形式：todo,ofdoing和定語從句。根據(jù)做題要求可知，此處可用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語。as考查介詞。此處表示把建筑作為一個整體看待，故用介詞as“作為”構(gòu)成固定搭配asawhole"作為一個整體”。isconsumed/isbeingconsumed考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境和下文的“currently”“includinghowandwhenroomsareheated”可知此處可用一般現(xiàn)在時，也可以用現(xiàn)在進行時；此外，consume“消耗”與主語energy是被動關(guān)系，因此用被動語態(tài)。that考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句修飾不定代詞anything,且空處在從句中作主語，故只能用thato.exactly考查副詞?？仗幮揎椬髦髡Z的動名詞understanding,應(yīng)該用exact的副詞形式exactly“準確地，確切地”。improving考查非謂語動詞。本空解題關(guān)鍵在于對空前的to的理解，如果考生知道名詞key“關(guān)鍵”與介詞to搭配，那么就知道本題應(yīng)填improving。反之，考生如果誤以為to是不定式符號，就會誤填improve。willassist考查時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空的謂語和“willgive”為“and”連接的并列謂語，因此此處用一般將來時。the考查冠詞?！癷n