2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)短文語(yǔ)法填空分類解題指導(dǎo)之八：定語(yǔ)從句

2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)短文語(yǔ)法填空分類解題指導(dǎo)之八：定語(yǔ)從句明備考方向語(yǔ)法填空?？键c(diǎn)短文改錯(cuò)常考點(diǎn)寫作常用句式1.關(guān)系代詞1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.Asweallknow.../Aswho ，該用which而誤用其他關(guān)isknowntoall...whom,系詞（如that）；“眾所周知……”whose,2.關(guān)系代詞who,whom,2.such...as...which,whose,which,that^^“像……這樣的……”that,as的失；3.thesame...as.../the用法；3.關(guān)系代詞who,whomsameas...2.關(guān)系副詞的錯(cuò)用；“像……一樣的”

where,when,why的用法；3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。.先行詞是人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞who,which的錯(cuò)用；.關(guān)系代詞as的錯(cuò)用；.關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的誤用；.人稱代詞與關(guān)系代詞的誤用。.oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”……中的一個(gè)，，.theonlyoneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句“……中唯一的一個(gè)”.由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。...,which...（which代替上文整句話，譯為“這一點(diǎn)”）攻重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)分清句子成分，巧辨定語(yǔ)從句中抽象或具體（人與物）（一）尋找先行詞，辨別人與物先行詞指人時(shí)常用who,whom,that；指物時(shí)常用that,whichoI'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我與好幾位去年在英語(yǔ)演講比賽中遇到的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男?wèn)題有可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。（二）判斷所缺成分，選擇關(guān)系詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句部分缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要想到分別采用who（指人）,whom（指人），that（指人或物）,which（指物）,whose（指人或物）；當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句部分缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要想到分別采用when,where,why。（2018?6月浙江高考）ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.許多來(lái)到中國(guó)的西方人一旦意識(shí)到在外面吃飯是多么的便宜,他們做飯的時(shí)間就會(huì)大大少于在他們自己國(guó)家的次數(shù)。Theannualcampusbookfairaimstoprovideaplatformwherestudentscanhaveachancetoexchangeandmakeuseoftheirbooks.每年一度的校園書展目的是提供一個(gè)平臺(tái)，在這個(gè)平臺(tái)里學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)交換利用他們的書籍。Thereasonwhymostpeopleliketravelingisthattheycanfeelthebeautyofthenatureandbreathethefreshairatthesametime.許多人喜歡旅游是因?yàn)樗麄兛梢愿惺艽笞匀坏拿谰埃瑫r(shí)也可以呼吸新鮮的空氣。Ourschoolwillholdanactivitywhosethemeis“ForeignersTellChineseStories”nextweek.下周，我們學(xué)校將舉辦主題為“外國(guó)人講中國(guó)故事”的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。(三)識(shí)別特殊定語(yǔ)從句，分清限制性、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.先行詞those后常用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Sheiswarmhearted,soitisnosurprise/wonderthatshealwayshelpsthosewhoareintrouble.她是一個(gè)熱心腸的人，因此她經(jīng)常幫助那些處于困境中的人們就不足為奇了。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as“正如，正像“，既可位于句首也可位于句末(1)Astheoldsayinggoes,...常言道，……(2)Asweallknow,.../Asisknowntousall...眾所周知，……(3)Asisoftenthecase...是常有的事Justasthesayinggoes,“Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest”正如諺語(yǔ)所言：“獨(dú)木難成林?！?“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，如果先行詞指人，用whom指代人且不能省略，指物用which且不能省略。Manytraditionalartsarelosingnowadays,someowhicharebeingreplacedbymodernproducts.如今許多傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)正在消失，其中一些正被現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品所取代。.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指人時(shí)用亞卜。，指物時(shí)用which;牢記that不能用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.這個(gè)男孩離家一個(gè)星期了，這使他父母很擔(dān)心。5.定語(yǔ)從句中用that不用which的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時(shí)。(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他們?cè)诠鹆謪⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.這正是我想讀的書。練高頻題點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法填空題點(diǎn)全練（2019?全國(guó)卷口網(wǎng)0亞IreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfieldwhichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes..（2018?全國(guó)卷1）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.（2019,江蘇高考改編）Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.（2018?天津高考改編）Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.（2018?江蘇高考改編）SelfdrivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.（2019?天津高考改編）Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences..（2019?山西五地市高三聯(lián)考）AmongthemisonecommunityinFloridawherelocalpeopleandgovernmentofficialsareprovingsuccessfulinprotectingcoastalcitiesfromthedangersofrisingsealevels.（2019?青島質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）Therearemanyreasonswhycollegeanduniversitystudentsoftenfailtogetafullnight'sofsleep.（2019?臨川一中等九校聯(lián)考）Meanwhile,ChinawillhostthesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinApril.Atthisevent,theBeltandRoadInitiative,whichhashugepotentialtodriveeconomicgrowth,willtakegreatershape.U.短文改錯(cuò)題點(diǎn)全練（2019?全國(guó)卷1）Ibecameinterestedinplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.wherefwhen.（2019?全國(guó)卷田）Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.whalthat/which（2018?全國(guó)卷1）Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.whichfwhere或which前力口in（2017?全國(guó)卷口）1口theirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that^which（2017?全國(guó)卷川）Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.theyfthat/which.（2019?臨川一中等九校聯(lián)考）We'llclimbHuangshanMountaininthemorning,onwhichtopwe'llhaveapicnicatthenoon.whichfwhose（2019?甘肅第一次診斷）What'smore,thiseventcanattractmorevisitorstoourcity,wherewillimproveourtourism.wherefwhich.Thenumberofsmokers,whichisreported,hasdroppedby17%injustoneyear.whichfas［課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)］I.完成句子并改寫成定語(yǔ)從句.你可以尋找和你有相同興趣的人，你可能會(huì)和他們相處得很好。Youcanlookforpeoplewiththesameinterestasyou.Youare_likely_to_get_along_withthem.fYoucanlookforpeoplewiththesameinterestasyou,who/whom_you_are_likely_to_get_along_with..第二，你會(huì)交到一些好朋友，他們也很喜歡打乒乓球。Secondly,you'llmakesomegoodfriendsandthey_are_also_interested_in_playing_table_tennis.fSecondly,you'llmakesomegoodfriendsthat/who_are_also_interested_in_playing_table_tennis..這幅照片為我們展示了一個(gè)動(dòng)人的時(shí)刻，在這一刻，一個(gè)小女孩來(lái)問(wèn)候正在工作中的媽媽。Thepictureshowsusatouchingmomentwhen_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_working_mom．fThepictureshowsusatouchingmomentat_which_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_her_working_mom,（用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”改寫）.人們也可以選擇在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作，在團(tuán)隊(duì)中他們可以向彼此學(xué)習(xí)。Peoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,where_they_can_learn_from_each_other．fPeoplemayalsochoosetoworkinateam,in_which_they_can_learn_from_each__other.（用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”改寫）.與動(dòng)物照相對(duì)它們有壞的影響，這種行為打擾它們的休息。Takingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals.It_greatly_disturbs_theirrest.fTakingpictureswithanimalshasabadeffectontheanimals,which_greatly_disturbs_their,rest.(用定語(yǔ)從句改寫)L語(yǔ)法填空(2019?黑龍江省六校協(xié)作體一模)Ifyouaremakingrepairsonyourhome,youcouldtaketheopportunitytoaddsomeenergysaving1—(measure)atthesametime.Thisisoftenthebestway_2—(save)energyinacosteffectiveway.Youneedtolookatthebuilding_3—awholetomakethemostsuitableimprovements,takingaccountofthefollowing：Thefirststepistoassesswhereandhowenergy4(consume)currentlyinthebuilding,includinghowandwhenroomsareheated.Nextisyourhome'sconstructionandcondition.It'simportanttofixanything5—mightaffectyourhome'sheatingperformance,suchasbadlyfittingwindowsordampwalls.Lastly,understanding_6—(exact)whatissignificantaboutthecharacterofanolderbuildingisakeyto_7—(improve)itsenergyefficiency.Speaktoyourlocalauthorityconservationofficerwhenmakingchangestoabuildinginaconservationarea.Followingthesesteps_8—(assist)youinassessingwhatworkmightbeneededin__9__shortorlongterm,allowingyoutofocusonthoseareasthatneedthemostattentionandwillgivea10—(reason)return.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者主要介紹了如何改造舊房子以節(jié)省能源。measures考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的“some”和下文介紹的多種措施以及“measure”為可數(shù)名詞可知，此處用measure的復(fù)數(shù)形式。tosave考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。way后的定語(yǔ)有三種形式：todo,ofdoing和定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)做題要求可知，此處可用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)。as考查介詞。此處表示把建筑作為一個(gè)整體看待，故用介詞as“作為”構(gòu)成固定搭配asawhole"作為一個(gè)整體”。isconsumed/isbeingconsumed考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文的“currently”“includinghowandwhenroomsareheated”可知此處可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；此外，consume“消耗”與主語(yǔ)energy是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。that考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句修飾不定代詞anything,且空處在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故只能用thato.exactly考查副詞。空處修飾作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞understanding,應(yīng)該用exact的副詞形式exactly“準(zhǔn)確地，確切地”。improving考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本空解題關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)空前的to的理解，如果考生知道名詞key“關(guān)鍵”與介詞to搭配，那么就知道本題應(yīng)填improving。反之，考生如果誤以為to是不定式符號(hào)，就會(huì)誤填improve。willassist考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空的謂語(yǔ)和“willgive”為“and”連接的并列謂語(yǔ)，因此此處用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。the考查冠詞?！癷n