高英speech-on-Hitler'S-invension-of-U.S.S.R-翻譯以及課后習題

RHETORICSimile:acomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.

tenor:thesubjectofthecomparison

Vehicle:theimageofwhichthisideaisconveyed

Thevehicleisalmostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as".

Thebus(tenor)wentasslowlysimilarityasasnail(vehicle).

Thewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.

Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.

Metaphor:acomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Contrarytoasimileinwhichtheresemblancebetweentwounlikethingsisclearlystated,inametaphornothingismentioned.

TheessentialformofametaphorisXisY,andallformsofmetaphorcanbecondensedintothisform.

Snowclothestheground.

Snow(X---tenor)isclothe(Y---vehicle).

Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.

Boy(X---tenor)isjewel(Y---vehicle).

Theshipploughedthesea.

Ship(X---tenor)isplough(Y---vehicle)

Metaphor:Theywillberoundedupinhordes.

IseeRussiansoldiersstandingonthethreshold...

Meansofexistenceiswrungfromthesoil...

Metaphor:cataractofhorrors

ridtheearthofhisshadow...liberatepeoplefromhisyoke

Thescenewillbeclearforthefinalact.

Alliteration:dull,drilled,docile...

forhishearthandhome

withitsclanking,heel-clicking...

Assonance:theuseofthesameorrelated,vowelsoundsinsuccessivewords

clanking,heel-clicking,…

cowingandtying...ploddingonlikecrawlinglocusts,...smartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping...

easierandsaferprey

Repetition:Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurpose

nothingwillturnus---nothing

Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...

Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclaration

asweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly

Parallelism:Thepast,withitscrimes,

itsfollies,

anditstragedies...

Isee,...Isee...

thereturnofthebread-winner,

oftheirchampion,

oftheirprotector

Weshallfighthimbyland,

weshallfighthimbysea,

weshallfighthimintheair

Anymanorstate...

Anymanorstate...

Letus...

Letus...

Nounphrases:Ihadnottheslightestdoubtwhere...

Withgreatrapidityandviolence

Periodicsentences:WhenIawokeon...invasionofRussia.

IfHitlerimaginesthat...woefullymistaken.二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒來便接到了希特勒入侵蘇聯(lián)的消息。這就使原先意料中的事變成了無可懷疑的事實。我完全清楚我們對此應該承擔何種義務，采取何種政策。我也完全清楚該如何就此事發(fā)表聲明。尚待完成的只不過是將這一切形成文字而已。于是，我吩咐有關部門立即發(fā)表通告，我將于當晚九點鐘發(fā)表廣播講話。不一會兒，匆匆從倫敦趕到的迪爾將軍走進我的臥室，為我?guī)砹嗽敿毲閳?。德國人已大?guī)模入侵蘇聯(lián)，蘇聯(lián)空軍部隊有很大一部分飛機都沒來得及起飛便遭到德軍的突襲。德軍目前似乎正以凌厲的攻勢極為迅猛地向前推進。這位皇家軍隊總參謀長報告完畢后又補了一句，“我估計他們將會大批地被包圍?！币徽煳叶荚趯懼v稿，根本沒有時間去找戰(zhàn)時內閣進行磋商，也沒有必要這樣做。我知道我們大家在這個問題上的立場是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布魯克勛爵，還有斯塔福德?克里普斯爵士——他是十號離開莫斯科回國的——那天也同我在一起。

那個周末值班的是我的私人秘書科維爾先生。由他執(zhí)筆記述的下面這段關于那個星期天里切克爾斯首相官邸發(fā)生的情況的文字，也許值得一提：

“六月二十一日，星期六。晚飯前我來到切克爾斯首相官邸。懷南特夫婦、艾登夫婦和愛德華?布里奇斯等幾位均在那兒。晚飯席上，邱吉爾先生說，德國人人侵蘇聯(lián)已是必然無疑的了。他認為希特勒是想指望博取英美兩國的資本家和右冀勢力的同情和支持。不過，希特勒的如意算盤打錯了。我們英國將會全力以赴援助蘇聯(lián)。維南特表示美國也會采取同樣的態(tài)度。

晚飯后，當我同邱吉爾先生在槌球場上散步時，他又一次談到了這一話題。我當時問他，對于他這個頭號反共大將來說，這種態(tài)度是否意味著改變自己的政治立場。‘絕非如此。我現(xiàn)在的目標只有一個，即消滅希特勒。這使我的生活單純多了。假使希特勒入侵地獄，我至少會在下議院替魔鬼說幾句好話的?！?/p>

次日清晨四點鐘，我被電話鈴驚醒，原來是外交部來的電話，內容是報告德國已開始進攻俄國的消息。首相一向吩咐，只有當英國遭到入侵時才可以叫醒他。因此，我等到八點鐘才向他報告這一消息。他聽完消息后只說了一句話：‘通知英國廣播電臺，我今晚九點要發(fā)表廣播講話。’他從上午十一點開始撰寫講稿，中間除與斯塔福德．克里普斯爵士、克蘭伯恩勛爵和比弗布魯克勛爵共進午餐外，這一天的全部時間都花在寫講稿上了……講稿直到九點差二十分才寫好。”

在這次廣播講話中，我說道：

“納粹政體與共產主義的最糟糕之處毫無兩樣。除了貪欲和種族統(tǒng)治外，它沒有任何指導思想和行動準則。它在殘酷壓迫和瘋狂侵略過程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人類歷史戰(zhàn)果都將化為泡影。

“由此可知，俄國現(xiàn)在所面臨的危險就是我們自己的危險，同樣也是美國的危險；俄國人民保家衛(wèi)國的事業(yè)就是全世界一切自由的人民和自由的民族的事業(yè)。讓我們從過去的殘酷的歷史經(jīng)驗中汲取教訓吧。讓我們趁著生命未息、力量尚存之時，加倍努力，團結奮斗吧。”I.

1)GermanyattackedRussiaonanenormousfrontbyaironSunday,June22.

2)Hewasnotsurprisedatthenews,becausehehadthoughtthattheGermanswouldattacktheSovietUnion.

3)Becausehehadonlyonepurpose,thedestructionofHitler,whohethoughtwastheworstintheworld.

4)ThepolicythatChurchilldeclaredBritainwouldpursuewastodestroyHitlerandwipeoffeverysingletraceoftheNaziregime.

5)AccordingtoChurchill,Hitler'sinvasionofRussiaservedasthefirststepforhisinvasionofBritain,thuscontrollingoftheWesternHemisphere.

Ⅱ.

1)HitlerwashopingthatifheattackedRussia,hewouldwininBritainandtheU.S.thesupportofthosewhowereenemiesofCommunism.

2)WinantsaidtheUnitedStateswouldadoptthesameattitude.

3)Inthisway,mylifeismademucheasierinthiscase,itwillbemucheasierformetodecideonmyattitudetowardsevents.

4)IwillnottakebackasinglewordofwhatIhavesaidaboutCommunism.

5)IcanseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,who,aftersufferingseverelossesintheaerialbattleofEngland,nowfeelhappybecausetheythinktheycaneasilybeattheRussianairforcewithoutheavyloss.

6)Weshallbemoredeterminedandshallmakebetterandfulleruseofourresources.

7)LetusstrengthenourunityandoureffortsinthefightagainstNaziGermanywhenwehavenotyetbeenoverwhelmedandwhenwearestillpowerful.

Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthetext.

IV.1)anti-Communist反共產主義的（人）；antichrist反對基督（教）的（人）Here"anti-"means"against","hostileto","opposedto".Otherexamples,anti-Japanese,anticolonial,anti-party,anti-imperialist,anti-fascist,anti-apartheid,antidraft,antislavery,anti-Smith.

2)antibacterial抗細菌的，抗菌物；antifreeze防凍劑Inthesetwocases,"anti-"means"preventing',"curing',"neutralizing"or"reducing".Otherexamples:antiknock,antitoxin,anti-pollution,anti-malarial,antifriction,anti-icer.

3)antiaircraft防空的anti-ballisticmissile反彈道導彈Here"anti-"hasthemeaningof"counteracting","operatingagainst"or"resisting".Otherexamples:antitank,antipersecution,antitrust,antigas,antisubmarine,antidote,antimagnetic.

4)antithesis（修辭學中的）對句，對話，偶句；antihero（小說，戲劇中）不按傳統(tǒng)性主角品格塑造的主角Here"anti-"means"opposite","reverse".Otherexamples:antimatter,antipole,antiparticle,antineutron,antiphrasis,antipode,antinovel.

V.1)Hewasalmostattheendofhispowerswhen…

2)-"hisreputationisuncertain.

3)Hecompletelyignored…

4)Peoplewhoareinavulnerablepositionshouldnotattackothers.

5)Thismayteachtheyoungmannottotakefoolishrisks.

6)"'broughthimgreatsuccess.

7)Thepupilstooktheteacherastheirexample.

8)...anenormouspileofletters.

Ⅵ.1)Whetherforhim,thearchanti-Communist,thiswasriotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon:whetherhewasnotrenouncinghispreviousattitudetowardsCommunism;whetherhewasnotchanginghispositionsincehehadallalongbeenopposedtoCommunism.

2)Isupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes:IthinktheRedarmymenwillbesurroundedandcapturedinsurprisinglylargenumbers.

3)TheNaziregimeisdevoidofallthemeandprincipleexceptappetiteandracialdomination:Here"appetite"isusedmetaphorically,meaningstrongGermandesireforconquest.

4)StillsmartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping:Here"whipping"isusedmetaphorically,meaningcounterattack.

5)ridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke:Hereboth"shadow"and"yoke"areusedmetaphorically,theformermeaningtheverystrongpowerorinfluence(ofHitler)andthelattermeaningcontrol.

Ⅶ.1)ascoolascucumber2)factandfantasy

3)Hecamebacksoundandsafe.

4)Shesangasong.

5)Nexttohealth,heartandhome,happinessformobileAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.

Ⅷ.Parallelstructure:

1)Wewillneverparley

WewillnevernegotiatewithHitleroranyofhisgang

2)Weshallfighthimbyland

Weshallfighthimbysea

Weshallfighthimintheair

3)behindallthisglare

behindallthisstormIsee'"

4)1seetheRussiansoldiersstanding'"

Iseethemguarding...

Iseethetenthousandvillages...

Iseeadvancingupon...

Iseealsothedull…

IseetheGermanbombers…

Iseethatsmallgroup…

5)thatisourpolicy

andthatisourdeclaration

6)Weshallbefortifiedandencouragedinourefforts.

Weshallbestrengthenedandnotweakenedindeterminationandresources.

7)Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.

Letusredoubleourexertions…

Repetition:

1)Wehavebutoneaimandonesingle,irrevocablepurpose.

2)Hehassolongthrivedandprospered.

3)Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...

IX.theNaziwarmachine,aswarmofcrawlinglocusts,smallgroupofvillainousmen,hisshadow,hisyoke,histyranny,Hitler'sblood-lustandthehatefulappetites

X.1)preparing,writingdown2)veryfastandviolently3)obtaining,getting4)returned5)spent...onit6)frontiers7)ancienttime8)evil9)agree10)holdtalkswithourenemyll)religiousbelief;faith12)sadly,deplorably13)greatandsuddendisaster

XI.1)Thisistrueoftheruralareaaswellasoftheurbanarea.

2)Hewascountingontheirsupport.

3)Idon'trememberhisexactwords,butI'msurehedidsaysomethingtothateffect.

4)Churchillsaid,"TellStalinthatBritainhasbutonedesire--tocrushHitler.

5)Only9%ofthepopulationinthatcountryremainsilliterate.

6)Thisleavesthemnochoicebuttorelyonhisefforts.

7)Theguestswereoverwhelmedbythewarmreception.

8)Theyoverwhelmedtheenemybyasurpriseattack.

9)Theirdifficultyisourdifficultyjustasweviewtheirvictoryasourownvictory.

10)ItisclearthatGermanfascistsweretryingto