第8周 新古典主義

Neo-classicism

(TheAgeofReason)18thcenturyⅠgeneralintroductionⅡNeo-classicismⅢrepresentatives1.themoderateschool2.theradicalschool3.Sentimentalism4.pre-RomanticismⅠGeneralintroductionof

thehistorical

background1.thepurposeofthegovernment2.greatchangesinsociallife3.rapiddevelopmentofEellectualmovement:Enlightenmentanintellectualmovementespin18thcenturywhenpeoplebelievedreasonandsciencenotreligionwouldadvancehumanprogress.

ⅡNeo-classicism1.definition:amovementfromtheRestorationtilltheendof18thcentury,whichemphasizesonorder,reason(notemotion),restraint,commonsense,andconservatism(notimagination).TherepresentativesmodeledafterGreekandLatinauthors.2.characteristics:①reason→emotion,form→content(correctness,appropriateness,restraintelegance------elegance)②purposeofwriting:didactic,satirical③poetry:heroiccouplet---theonlypossibleverseform④drama:thethreeunities(time,placeandaction)⑤itiswanting“romantic”element.ItisespeciallyhostiletowardseverythingthatbelongstotheMiddleAgeswithitschivalrousextravagance,visionaryidealism,andstrongreligiousfaith.⑥RenaissancesandNeo-classicismLimitlesspotentialsIndividualismConfessionalwritingEnthusiasmLyricsManaslimitedMemberofthesocietySocialobservationOrder,rulesSatireⅢFamousWritersinGeneral

1.themoderategroup①JosephAddison:essayistThespectator遠(yuǎn)征報(bào)

RichardSteele:---Chiefeditorin1708TheTatler閑談報(bào)Duringthisperiod,thestruggleforpoweroftherisingcapitalisthasbeensettled.Theyhaveastrongdesireforself-educationwhichisjustthetaskofEnlightenment,Sointhispaper,theygathernewideasofthetimeandputthemwithinthereachofreaders,thuspeopleareawakenedbyreading.②AlexanderPope:

poet,masterofheroiccoupletEssayonCriticismTheRapeoftheLockTheDunciad

EssayonMan。TheRapeoftheLock

奪發(fā)記writtenintheformofamock-heroicpoemTheme:Popesucceededinproducingeffectivesatiricalpicturesofidle,meaninglesslifeofthelordsandladiesinthearistocratic-bourgeoissocietyof18th-centuryEngland,thoughthesatireisusuallyrathermildandsomewhatdilutedwithhumor.Popealsoshowsheretheinferiorpositionofwomaninthearistocraticcirclesatthetimewheretheywerenobetterthantoysandslavestomen’spassion.Hislinesaresmooth,Balancedandconcise,manyofthemhavebecomehouseholdsaying:Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.一知半解是最危險(xiǎn)旳事。DrinkdeeportastenotthePierianSpring.要深透允飲，不然就嘗不到知識(shí)源泉旳甘霖Hillspeepo’erhills,andAlpsonAlpsarise!山外有山，學(xué)無止境。Toerrishuman,,toforgivedivine.Forfoolsrushinwhereangelsfearstotread.天使畏懼處，愚人蜂擁至。Knowthenthyself,presumenotGodtoscan

認(rèn)清自己，莫妄想探討神TheproperstudyofMankindisMan.

該人類研究旳對(duì)象就只有人。（thegreatchainofbeing）Thegreatchainofbeing生存旳巨鏈Itdetailsastrict,religioushierarchicalstructureofallmatterandlife,believedtohavebeendecreedbyGod.Allnatureisbutart,unknowntoYou;Allnatureisbutart,unknowntoYou;整個(gè)自然都是藝術(shù)，只是你不領(lǐng)悟；Allchance,direction,whichthoucanstnotsee;一切偶爾都是要求，只是你沒看清；Alldiscord,harmonynotunderstood;一切不協(xié)調(diào)，都是你不了解旳友好；Allpartialevil,universalgood;一切局部旳禍害，乃是全體旳福祉；And,spiteofprice,inerringreason’sspite,不要自大旳（揣測(cè)上帝旳意圖），理智也會(huì)出差錯(cuò)Onetruthisclear:

WhateverIS,

isRIGHT.凡存在即合理，這就是清楚旳道理。③SamuelJohnsonThegreatestEnglishmanoflettersbetweenPopeandWordsworthADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageLettertotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield.(theindependenceofEnglishwriters)④SamuelRichardsonPamelaThefirstEnglishPsycho-analyticalnovel(thelifeandloveoftheordinarypeople,Sayings,doings,andthesecretthought.)⑤DianelDefoe2.Theradicalschool⑥RichardSheridan

adramatistin18c.Theschoolforscandal-comedyAbitingsatireofEnglishhighsocietyforitsgreed,vanity,hypocrisy,ThisplayisregardedasthebestcomedysinceShakespeare.⑦OliverGoldsmith,essayist,novelistdramatistpoetNovel:TheDesertedVillage.Comedy:SheStoopstoConquer⑧JonathanSwift⑨HenryFielding3.SentimentalismTransitioninschools.Neo-classicism---Sentimentalism--RomanticismThomasGray“graveyardschool”墓園詩派“TheElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard”RelatedtothedeathofhisintimatefriendRichardWest.Theme:Hereflectsdeath,thesorrowoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifeinhisp