2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版Unit2Englisharoundtheworld說(shuō)課一等獎(jiǎng)

要點(diǎn)解讀活學(xué)巧用一、詞匯詳解vt.包括；包含【典型例句】Myjobdoesn’tincludemakingcoffeefortheboss!為老板煮咖啡不是我分內(nèi)的事！Twentypassengerswereinjuredinthetrafficaccident,fivechildrenincluded.在這次交通事故中有二十位乘客受傷,其中包含五個(gè)小孩。Fiveemployeeshavebeendismissedfromthecompany,includingHenry.五個(gè)職員被解雇,其中包含亨利?！局R(shí)小結(jié)】include表示整體與部分的包含關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞including放在名詞或代詞前面；過(guò)去分詞included放在名詞或代詞之后?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】include,contain和hold的區(qū)別:(1)include主要強(qiáng)調(diào)被包含的東西本身是其一部分。例如:Thepriceincludesthetax.這價(jià)錢(qián)包括稅金。(2)contain則強(qiáng)調(diào)所包含的成分。例如:Whiskycontainsalargepercentageofalcohol.威士忌酒精含量高。(3)hold指有能力容納，常與can,could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。例如:Thenewly-builthallcanhold1000people.新建的大廳能容納一千人。選詞填空include/contain/hold(1)Thebandplayedmanysongs,___________someofmyfavourites.(2)Onethingthatwillstopthemfeelingbadisthedrugnicotine,whichis____________incigarettes.(3)Theletter_____________importantinformationabouttheWorldWarⅡ.(4)Idon’tthinkthecarwill______________youall.(5)WeallwenttotheBenzhaivillage,Lily______________.答案:(1)including(2)contained(3)contains(4)hold(5)included單項(xiàng)填空(6)Theexplorerssaythatthesevalleysaresureto_______goldmines,nothavingbeenfound,though.A.containB.holdC.includeD.hide提示:句意:探險(xiǎn)家們說(shuō),這個(gè)山谷肯定有金礦,雖然現(xiàn)在還有沒(méi)有找到。此句要用contain表示“含有”,而不是include“包括”。答案:An.角色；任務(wù)【典型例句】ChowYun-FatplayedaleadingroleasXuWenqianginthefilmShanghaiBeach.周潤(rùn)發(fā)在《上海灘》中扮演主角許文強(qiáng)。Myoldersisterhastakenontheroleofwifeandmother.我姐姐已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了做妻子和母親的義務(wù)?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】playarolein和playapartin是同義詞組,都可表示“在……中扮演一個(gè)角色”。除此之外,它們還可表示“在……方面起作用”。例如:Chinaplaysamoreandmoreimportantrole/partininternationalaffairs.中國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中起的作用越來(lái)越重要。翻譯句子(1)在組織這次宴會(huì)中他起到了重要作用。_______________________________________________________________________.(2)他在我們學(xué)校演的劇中扮演蜘蛛俠的角色。_______________________________________________________________________.答案:(1)Heplayedanimportantroleintheorganizationoftheparty.(2)Heplayedtheroleofthespidermaninourschoolplay.of因?yàn)?；由于【典型例句】Mybrotherisoftenabsentfromworkbecauseofhisillness.我哥哥常因患病而缺勤。Thetrainwaslatebecauseofthefog.火車(chē)晚點(diǎn)是由于有霧的緣故。Youshouldn’tgiveupthejobjustbecauseofthewages.你不應(yīng)該僅是為了工資而放棄這份工作?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】becauseof與because辨析：becauseof后面要接名詞或短語(yǔ)；而because后面要接從句，都作原因狀語(yǔ)。例如：Johndidn’tattendthemeetingbecausehewasill.約翰沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議,因?yàn)樗×恕雾?xiàng)填空(1)MsKittywashalfanhourlateforthelecture,just______heavytraffic.A.forB.incaseofC.inspiteofD.becauseof提示:交通擁擠是遲到的原因，所以要用becauseof。答案:D(2)MsKittystartedouthalfanhourearlier,just_______beinglateforthelecture.A.soasnottoB.inspiteofC.becauseofD.incaseof提示:聽(tīng)講座遲到是以防要發(fā)生的事情,所以要用incaseof表示“以防”。答案:Dnumberof/thenumberof【典型例句】IndiahasaverylargenumberofEnglishspeakers.印度有眾多講英語(yǔ)的人。TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。Onlyasmallnumberofstudentstakebiologyastheirmajors.只有少數(shù)學(xué)生選生物為主修課。【知識(shí)小結(jié)】(1)“anumberof”的意思是“若干”或“許多”，修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)“thenumberof”和“anumberof”一樣,跟在后頭的名詞也是復(fù)數(shù)的,不同的是這里的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)的thenumber,不是它后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和thenumber呼應(yīng),用單數(shù)形式。(3)number常與形容詞large,small,great,good連用。詢(xún)問(wèn)數(shù)量用“What’sthenumber?”例如:What’sthenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?你學(xué)校的學(xué)生有多少?填空用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(1)Agoodnumberofbooks_________(have)beenmissingfromthelibrary.(2)Thenumberofsmokers___________(be)rapidlyincreasingamongteenagers.(3)There__________(be)alargenumberofhabitantsherewhocomefromScotland.答案:(1)have(2)is(3)are單項(xiàng)填空(4)(2006浙江高考)Wealwayskeep______sparepaper,incasewerunout.A.toomuchB.anumberofC.plentyofD.agoodmany提示：anumberof和agoodmany意為“很多，大量的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞；toomuch意為“太多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；plentyof“大量的”，修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意“我們總是準(zhǔn)備大量的備用紙，以防（現(xiàn)有的）紙用完了時(shí)用”，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。答案：Cn.本地人；本國(guó)人adj.本國(guó)的；本地的【典型例句】Areyouanativehere,orjustavisitor?你是本地人,還是游客?ThekangarooisanativeofAustralia.袋鼠是澳大利亞的本土動(dòng)物。TheirnativelanguageisRussian.他們的母語(yǔ)是俄語(yǔ)。HehasbeenawayfromhisnativePolandforthreeyears.他離開(kāi)故土波蘭已有三年了。【相關(guān)鏈接】benativeto原產(chǎn)于。例如:SilkisnativetoAncientChina.絲綢原產(chǎn)于古代中國(guó)。完成句子(1)他回到了故鄉(xiāng),很高興。Hewashappyto_____________________________.(2)教授著手研究當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳盍?xí)慣。Theprofessorsettostudy________________________.(3)大熊貓是中國(guó)特有的動(dòng)物。Thegiantpanda___________________________China.答案:(1)returntohisnativeland(2)thehabitsofthenatives(3)isnativetoup走近；上來(lái)【典型例句】Hecameupandintroducedhimself．他走上前來(lái)并作了自我介紹。Thedivercameuptothesurfacetohaveadeepbreath.潛水員浮到水面深呼了一口氣?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)comeup的其他常見(jiàn)意義:發(fā)芽；流行；發(fā)生；被提出；上升。例如:TheseedsIsowedlastweekhaven’tcomeupyet.上星期我播下的種子還沒(méi)有發(fā)芽呢。Whendidtheseidiomscomeup?這些習(xí)語(yǔ)是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始流行的？I’llletyouknowifanythingcomesup.如果發(fā)生什么事的話,我會(huì)讓你知道的。Thequestionhasn’tcomeupyet.這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有被提出來(lái)。Thepriceiscomingupalltheway.價(jià)格一直在上漲。(2)comeabout發(fā)生comeacross偶遇comeout出現(xiàn)；披露comedown傳遞;跌落cometo總共；談及；到達(dá)comeby獲得；得到comealong進(jìn)展；跟著來(lái)；趕快comeat襲擊,達(dá)到介副詞填空(1)Howdiditcome__________thatthemanwasdismissed？(2)Icame____________thisoldphotographwhenlookingforabookyesterday.(3)Whenitcomes____________mathematics,Imcompletelyatsea.(4)Thesecretwillfinallycome____________.(5)Icouldhearfootstepscoming___________behindme.(6)Come__________,children,orwellbelate！(7)Themancame__________herwithaknife.(8)Howdidyoucome____________thatAweofEightHorses？(9)Thegirl’snecklacehadcome____________toherfromhergrandmother.(10)I’mafraidsomethingurgenthascome____________;Iwon’tbeabletoseeyoutonight.答案:(1)about(2)across(3)to(4)out(5)up(6)along/on/up(7)at(8)by(9)down(10)upadv.實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上【典型例句】Actually,I’mbusyatthemoment；canIphoneyouback?說(shuō)實(shí)在的,我現(xiàn)在正忙著——我給你回電話行嗎?Shelooksyoung,butshe’sactually50.她看上去年輕,可是實(shí)際上她已五十歲了?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)[派]actualadj.實(shí)際的；actualityn.事實(shí)［同］infact,inreality,asamatteroffact,asitis,really,truly(2)actually,really和truly的區(qū)別:actually側(cè)重于實(shí)際的事,而不是憑空想像或推測(cè)的事。really主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)與事實(shí)或現(xiàn)實(shí)不相違背,也可表示不快、驚奇或某種含蓄的懷疑。例如:Tellmewhatyoureallythink.把你的真心話告訴我吧?！猈e’regoingtoJapannextmonth.我們下個(gè)月要去日本?！狾h,really?啊,真的嗎?truly強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀存在的真實(shí)性,沒(méi)有任何虛假。例如：Wearetrulysorryfortheinconvenience.我們真心為不便感到抱歉。注意:really和truly常放在句中或句尾。而actually可放在句首和句中。單項(xiàng)填空(1)IoncethoughtJonnawasagoodstudent,forsheoftengotahighmarkbut________shewasfoundouttooftencheatinexaminations.A.actuallyB.trulyC.reallyD.mostly提示:actually放在句首,以表明事實(shí)與我原來(lái)認(rèn)為的不一樣。really和truly在語(yǔ)意和位置上都不合適。mostly是副詞,意為“通常,大多數(shù)”,不合題意。答案:A(2)Thistreelookshighandstrongbut_______itstrunkishollow.A.reallyB.trulyC.actuallyD.surely提示:句意:這棵樹(shù)看起來(lái)又高又壯,實(shí)際上樹(shù)干是空的。此句指實(shí)際存在的情況,所以要用actually。surely意指“當(dāng)然了”；really真地；truly真正地。答案:Cadj.現(xiàn)在的；出席的；到場(chǎng)的【典型例句】I’mnotatallsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.我對(duì)目前的情況一點(diǎn)都不滿意。Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting?到會(huì)的有多少人?Presentatthemeetingweremyparents.出席會(huì)議的還有我的父母?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)present的其他用法:①vt.贈(zèng)送;提交;呈現(xiàn);介紹。例如:Theypresentedhimwithabunchofflowers.他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花。Hehadtopresentasmilingfacethoughheavy-hearted.雖然憂心忡忡,但他還得露出一副笑容。②n.禮物。例如:Heoftengavehisneighbor’skidslittlepresents.他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子。(2)atpresent現(xiàn)在;目前forthepresent眼前;暫時(shí)bepresentto出現(xiàn)在……面前l(fā)iveinthepresent順應(yīng)當(dāng)前形勢(shì),只顧眼前upto/untilthepresent直到現(xiàn)在英漢互譯(1)Welearnfromthepast,experiencethepresentandhopeforsuccessinthefuture.___________________________________________________________________________.(2)很抱歉,我現(xiàn)在幫不了你——實(shí)在太忙了。___________________________________________________________________________.(3)I’vegotenoughmoneyforthepresent,butImustgotothebanktomorrow.___________________________________________________________________________.(4)他們獻(xiàn)花給老師。___________________________________________________________________________.答案:(1)我們學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去,體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在,展望未來(lái)的成功。(2)I’mafraidIcan’thelpyoujustatpresent.I’mtoobusy.(3)我的錢(qián)暫時(shí)還夠用,但我明天必須去銀行取款。(4)Theypresentedflowerstotheirteacher.useof利用【典型例句】YoumustmakegooduseofanyopportunitytopractiseEnglish.你必須好好利用任何機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。TheInternetresourcesshouldbemadefulluseof.網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫匠浞掷??！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)takeadvantageof利用Theydecidedtotakeadvantageofthebeautifulweatherandgotothecountry.他們決定利用這么好的天氣到鄉(xiāng)村去。(2)makethebestof充分利用Youshouldmakethebestofthisvaluableopportunity.你應(yīng)該充分利用這寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)。單項(xiàng)填空Themoneycollectedshouldbemadegooduse_____thepeopleinSouthAsiawhosufferedalotinthekillerearthquakeandtsunami(海嘯).A.ofhelpingB.tohelpC.tohelpingD.oftohelp提示:句意:募捐的錢(qián)應(yīng)當(dāng)充分用來(lái)幫助南亞在地震和海嘯中受難的人們。Themoney是bemadegooduseof的邏輯主語(yǔ),這是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);tohelp是全句的目的狀語(yǔ)。答案:Dn.本身；本體；身份【典型例句】Hisdriver’slicenseprovedhisidentity.他的駕駛執(zhí)照證明了他的身份。Thepolicearestilluncertainofthemurderer’sidentity.警察尚未證實(shí)殺人犯的身份?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】identificationn.識(shí)別,身份證明identifyvt.鑒定,識(shí)別identicaladj.同一的,同樣的。例如:Hisonlymeansofidentificationwashispassport.他惟一證明身份的證件就是他的護(hù)照。Icannotidentifythissignature.我認(rèn)不出這是誰(shuí)的簽字。Thetwowordsareidenticalinmeaning.這兩個(gè)字的字義完全一樣。選詞填空identity/identical/identify/identification(1)Thisisthe_________hotelwestayedatlastyear.(2)The__________ofthemurderedmanhasnotyetbeenfoundout.(3)Thestudyoffingerprintsisconsideredasanimportantmethodof____________.(4)Canyou____________yourbrotherinthispicture?答案:(1)identical(2)identity(3)identification(4)identifyas像這種的；例如……【典型例句】Ilikethosestudentswhoarecarefulwiththeirlessons,suchasMary,Lina.我喜歡那些上課認(rèn)真的學(xué)生,例如:瑪麗,琳娜。Englishisspokeninmanycountries,suchasAustraliaandCanada.許多國(guó)家都講英語(yǔ),例如澳大利亞和加拿大。Metalsaresuchthingsasiron,steel.金屬是一些像鐵、鋼一樣的東西。【知識(shí)小結(jié)】suchas用于列舉前面所述情況,有時(shí)也可分開(kāi)用,讓such修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,as引出一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾這個(gè)名詞或代詞。【相關(guān)鏈接】suchas和forexample的區(qū)別:（1）forexample用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況,一般只舉同類(lèi)人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例,作插入語(yǔ),可位于句首、句中或句末。例如：Ballgames,forexample,havespreadaroundtheworld.例如,球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在世界各地傳播開(kāi)了。（2）suchas用來(lái)列舉事物時(shí),一般列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間,as后面不可有逗號(hào)。（3）使用suchas短語(yǔ)時(shí),后面列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和,一旦相等就要用thatis或namely。如不可以說(shuō):Ihavethreegoodfriends,suchasJohn,JackandTom.應(yīng)該說(shuō):Ihavethreegoodfriends,thatis,John,JackandTom.我有三個(gè)好朋友,即約翰、杰克和湯姆。填充(1)Heknowsthreelanguage,_________________,Chinese,FrenchandEnglish.(2)Whatwouldyoudoifyoumetawildanimal—alion,__________________?(3)Thefarmergrowsvariouskindsofcrops,_______________wheat,corn,cottonandrice.(4)Mattermaybeinvisible,air,_____________,isthiskindofmatter.(5)Someoftherubbish,_____________food,paperandiron,rotsawayoveralongperiodoftime.答案:(1)namely/thatis(tosay)(2)forexample(3)suchas(4)forexample(5)suchas單項(xiàng)填空(6)Alotofcountrieshavegainedexcellentachievementsinspacetechnology,China,________.A.suchasB.forexampleC.namelyD.andsoon提示:句意:許多國(guó)家在宇航技術(shù)方面取得了杰出的成就,比如說(shuō),中國(guó)。suchas列舉同類(lèi)的幾個(gè)例子;forexample可列舉一例;namely把內(nèi)容全都列舉出來(lái);andsoso接在suchas...后面表示“等等”。答案:Bn.命令；指令；掌握vt.&vi.命令；指揮；支配【典型例句】Thepolicemangavethecommandforthecartostop.警察下令叫車(chē)停下。Successfulmenarethosewithagoodcommandofmoderntechnology.成功的人是那些熟練掌握現(xiàn)代科技的人。Heisnotfittocommandothersthatcannotcommandhimself.［諺］不能指揮自己的人就不能指揮別人。Thepresidentannouncedhiscommandthatthewholenationbeagainstterrorism.總統(tǒng)宣布了命令,即:全國(guó)人民要反對(duì)恐怖主義。Ourbosscommandedweallshouldgotocollectmarketinformation.老板命令我們都去搜集市場(chǎng)信息?！局R(shí)小結(jié)】command作名詞用,其后面的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形（省略should）”。command作動(dòng)詞用,要求后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,動(dòng)詞形式同上?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】atcommand掌握,可自由使用atsb.scommand聽(tīng)某人支配bysb.scommand聽(tīng)某人支配getcommandof控制haveagoodcommandof能自由應(yīng)用incommandof指揮著under(the)commandof由……指揮;在……指揮之下完成句子(1)將軍命令部下攻城。Thegeneral_________________thecity.(2)他指揮一百個(gè)人。Hehasahundredmen_____________.(3)有人叫他控制脾氣。Hewastoldto___________.(4)我命令他立即就去。Icommandthat_______________.(5)海盜首領(lǐng)下令將俘虜槍殺。Thepiratechiefcommandedthat___________.答案:(1)commandedhismentoattack(2)underhiscommand(3)commandhistemper(4)he(should)goatonce(5)alltheprisoners(should)beshot單項(xiàng)填空(6)Thearmyreceivedacommandthatthey_______tothefrontimmediately.A.wouldmarchB.mustmarchC.shouldmarchD.weremarching提示:command在此句中用作名詞,所以后面所接的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)形式用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。答案:Cn.&vt.請(qǐng)求；要求【典型例句】They’vemadeanurgentrequestforinternationalaid.他們緊急請(qǐng)求國(guó)際援助。Mr.PainemadearequestthatIshouldhelphim.佩恩先生要求我?guī)椭?。Yourpresenceisrequestedatthemeeting.請(qǐng)你務(wù)必出席會(huì)議。Youarerequestednottosmokeintheoffice.辦公室里不準(zhǔn)吸煙。Irequestthatyoushouldcomeearly.我要求你早些來(lái)?！局R(shí)小結(jié)】request要求后面的相關(guān)從句也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形（省略should）”?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)由request構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ):atsb.’srequest/attherequestofsb.應(yīng)某人要求asrequested依照請(qǐng)求byrequest(of)按照需要;依照請(qǐng)求;應(yīng)邀;如囑make(a)requestfor請(qǐng)求;要求requeststh.from/ofsb.向某人要求某物(2)request,demand和require的區(qū)別:request正式用詞,指非常正式,有禮貌的請(qǐng)求或懇求,多含擔(dān)心因種種原因?qū)Ψ讲荒艽饝?yīng)的意味。demand一般指理直氣壯地提出強(qiáng)烈要求,或堅(jiān)持不讓對(duì)方拒絕的要求。例如：Thepolicemandemandedthatthegirl(should)tellhimeverythingsheknew.那個(gè)警察要求那個(gè)女孩告訴他她知道的每一件事。require強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)事業(yè)、需要或紀(jì)律、法律等而提出的要求。例如：Hishealthrequiresthathe(should)gotobedearly.為了健康,他早些就寢。值得一提的是,這三個(gè)詞都要求從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)形式都用“should+do”。單項(xiàng)填空(1)Thenewlyfoundedchessclubformally_____ustoattendtheopeningceremony.A.requestedB.requiredC.demandedD.commanded提示:request常用于正式場(chǎng)合的請(qǐng)求。答案:A(2)Itis______thatallthecelebritiesintheentertainmentcirclepaytheirtaxestothestate.A.commandedB.requestedC.advisedD.required提示:require常用于規(guī)定要求,條件要求。答案:D(3)DoyouthinkthePresidentwillgiveintotheterrorists’_______?A.demandB.requirementC.requestD.suggestion提示:demand常用于強(qiáng)硬的要求。答案:A(4)I’msorrythatIcannotacceptyour______toattendyourbirthdayparty,Linda,becauseI’mto______answerallthecustomers’letterstonightbymyboss.A.requirement;requiredB.demand;requestedC.request;askedD.request;required提示:第一個(gè)空表示邀請(qǐng)或請(qǐng)求,用request;第二個(gè)是老板的要求,用required。requirement指要求的事物,多用復(fù)數(shù)。答案:Dvt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)【典型例句】IrecognizedPeteralthoughIhadn’tseenhimfor10years.雖然我有10年沒(méi)看到彼特了,但我認(rèn)出了他。IrecognizethatIhavebeenwrong.我承認(rèn)我錯(cuò)了。Theyrefusedtorecognizethisgovernment.他們拒不承認(rèn)這個(gè)政府?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)recognizableadj.可被認(rèn)出的,可辨認(rèn)的。例如:It’saninstantlyrecognizableface.那是我一眼就能認(rèn)得出的面孔。(2)recognizedadj.公認(rèn)的;經(jīng)過(guò)證明的;普遍接受的。例如:Thisisarecognizedmethodofmakingtea.這是一個(gè)公認(rèn)的做茶的方法。單項(xiàng)填空(1)Jerrydidn’t_______hisprimaryschoolclassmate—Maryuntilhelistenedtoherselfintroduction.A.knowB.findC.recognizeD.realize提示:此句用recognize表示“認(rèn)出”。答案:C(2)AnnLeeis_______asoneofthebestdirectorsintheworld.A.appointedB.electedC.recognizedD.realized提示:此句用recognize表示“公認(rèn)”。答案:Cn.方向；指導(dǎo)；（常用復(fù)數(shù)）指示；說(shuō)明書(shū)Carswerecomingfromalldirections.汽車(chē)從四面八方開(kāi)來(lái)。Shewentoffintheoppositedirection.她往相反的方向走了。WestudyEnglishunderhisdirection.我們?cè)谒闹笇?dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Hedidnotgivemeanydirections.他沒(méi)有給我任何指示。BeforePammadethecakeshereadthedirectionsonthepacket.帕姆在做糕點(diǎn)之前看了一遍小包上的說(shuō)明?！局R(shí)小結(jié)】direction表示方向時(shí),其前面常用介詞in,意為“朝……方向”?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)directadj.直接的,坦白的adv.直接地;直達(dá)地v.指示,指揮,命令;導(dǎo)演Hewentdirecttotheairport.他直接去機(jī)場(chǎng)。Theofficerdirectedthatwestaywherewewere.那位軍官命令我們?cè)夭粍?dòng)。WhodirectedthefilmTheCrouchingTiger,TheHiddenDragon?誰(shuí)導(dǎo)演的《臥虎藏龍》？注意:direct后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,動(dòng)詞形式用“should+do（動(dòng)詞原形）”。(2)direction構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：givedirections給予指示inalldirections四面八方;各方面ineverydirection向各方面,向四面八方inthedirectionof朝……方向underthedirectionof在……指導(dǎo)下directionsforuse用法說(shuō)明單項(xiàng)填空(1)—HowcanIusethiswashing-machine?—Well,justrefertothe_______.A.explanationsB.expressionsC.introductionsD.directions提示:directions此處意為“指示;用法;說(shuō)明書(shū)”。答案:D(2)Carefulstudieshavepointedoutthatasmanyas50percentpatientsdonottakedrugsas______.A.directedB.expectedC.announcedD.followed提示:asdirected意為“遵照醫(yī)囑”。答案:A(3)Commander-in-Chiefofthearmedforceshavedirectedthatallmeasures_____forourdefense.A.hadbeentakenB.wouldbetakenC.betakenD.tobetaken提示:direct此處表示“命令”,賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,此句的謂語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞原形betaken。答案:C(4)Inthespace,theslightesttouchagainstsomethingmaysendyouflying______theoppositedirection.A.toB.towardC.inD.for提示:in常與direction連用,表示“朝……方向”。答案:C二、句型剖析...or...要么……要么……【典型例句】Pleaseeithercomeinorgo’tstandthereinthedoorway.要么進(jìn)來(lái)要么出去,不要站在門(mén)口。Hemustbeeithermadordrunk.他不是瘋了,就是喝醉了。EitheryouorIamtoblamefortheaccident.這起事故要么是你,要么是我該受到責(zé)備。EitheryoullcomeorI’llgotoseeyou.要么你來(lái)這兒,要么我去看你?！局R(shí)小結(jié)】either...or...是并列連詞詞組,可連接并列的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),也可連接并列分句。連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要遵照“就近原則”。單項(xiàng)填充—Doyouknowwhohasgotthe______forthesummercamping?—Whoknowsthat!EitheryouorDanielandJimmy______solucky!;isB.time;areC.chance;areD.time;is提示:句意:“你知道誰(shuí)獲得了去夏令營(yíng)的機(jī)會(huì)嗎?”“誰(shuí)知道！要么是你要么是丹尼爾和吉米是幸運(yùn)的?！眔r后面的主語(yǔ)是DanielandJimmy,所以謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案:Cif即使【典型例句】Imustfindthelostchild,evenifitisgettingdark.即使天黑了,我也要找到那個(gè)丟失的孩子。Evenifitrainedheavily,westillmarchedon.即使大雨傾盆,我們還是繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。【知識(shí)小結(jié)】evenif意為“盡管;即使”,有退一步設(shè)想的意味,對(duì)所說(shuō)的事實(shí)把握不大。與eventhough相同,都引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。單項(xiàng)填充Whentalkingtoafriendoverthetelephone,youfeelthatyouareclose_____theactualdistanceisnotshortened.longasB.asifC.evenifD.aswellas提示:句意:當(dāng)給朋友打電話時(shí),你覺(jué)得你們是那樣得近,即使實(shí)際的距離并沒(méi)有縮短。答案:C...everything...(部分否定句式)Noteveryonelikeshisnovel.并非人人都喜歡他的小說(shuō)。Bothmethodsarenotpractical.兩種方法并非都可行。Suchathingisnotfoundeverywhere.這樣的事情并非所有的地方都會(huì)見(jiàn)到。Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.有學(xué)問(wèn)的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。Allthatglittersisnotgold.閃光的東西未必都是金子?！局R(shí)小結(jié)】當(dāng)否定句中有every構(gòu)成的合成詞,或有all,always,both,completely,quite,entirely時(shí),構(gòu)成部分否定現(xiàn)象。單項(xiàng)填充—Isthebookinteresting?—Yes,butI’msureitwon’tinterest_______.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody提示:句意:“這本書(shū)有趣嗎?”“是的,但我確信它不會(huì)使每個(gè)人都感興趣?！备鶕?jù)句意選A項(xiàng),此題也是一個(gè)部分否定。答案:Athan【典型例句】Tome,heismorethanateacher,heisagoodfriendofmine.對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，他不只是教師，他也是我的好朋友。Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanthreemonths.他的整個(gè)學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)不超過(guò)三個(gè)月。Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇無(wú)謀。Thebookseemstobemoreapicturebookthanastorybook.這本書(shū)看來(lái)與其說(shuō)是一本故事書(shū)，倒不如說(shuō)是一本圖畫(huà)書(shū)。【知識(shí)小結(jié)】（1）用在名詞前，意為“不只是，不僅僅”，相當(dāng)于notonly,表示程度或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。（2）用在數(shù)詞前，意為“比……多”或“超過(guò)”。（3）用于比較狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“比……更”。（4）“與其……倒不如”。句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)這部電影并不比那部電影有教育意義。Thatfilmisnotinstructiveandthisfilmisnotinstructive,either.=Thisfilmis__________instructive_______thatone.答案：nomore;than單項(xiàng)填空(2)Heis_____afriendtome.HeisinawaymyEnglishteacher.A.nomorethanB.morethanC.notmorethanD.nothingbut提示：morethan意為“不僅僅是”。答案：B...as...和thesameas【典型例句】Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.我們希望弄到像他正在使用的一樣的工具。Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.我們正面臨幾年前我們面臨的問(wèn)題?！局R(shí)小結(jié)】當(dāng)先行詞被such,或thesame修飾或先行詞本身就是such或thesame時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句要用as引導(dǎo)。這時(shí)as是關(guān)系代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)such...as...與such...that...的區(qū)別:as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,as要在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不作成分。Heissuchagoodstudentasalltheteacherslike.他是那樣一個(gè)老師們都喜歡的好學(xué)生。Heissuchagoodstudentthatalltheteacherslikehim.他是那樣一個(gè)好學(xué)生,以至于老師們都喜歡他。(2)thesame...as和thesame...that...的區(qū)別:as和that都引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但是,as指相同的另一個(gè)；that則指同一個(gè)。ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.這枝鋼筆與我昨天丟失的那枝一樣。（但不是同一枝）ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.這就是我昨天丟失的那枝鋼筆。(3)thesame的其他用法:all/justthesame完全一樣;無(wú)所謂;依舊bethesamewith...……也一樣Thesameistrueof...也有同樣情況,也適用于……(The)sametoyou［口］我也這樣祝愿你單項(xiàng)填空(1)Heissuchalazyman______nobodywantstoworkwith________.A.that;/B.as;himC.whom;himD.as;/提示:as是關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作workwith的賓語(yǔ)。如果用that,workwith后面要有賓語(yǔ)him，為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。答案:D(2)Hewasborninthesamehospital______mybrotherwasborn.A.asB.whereC./D.that提示:句意:他和我哥哥在同一家醫(yī)院里出生。where在從句中不能省略。as/that是關(guān)系代詞,不能在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。答案:B(3)—Iexpecteverythingwillturnoutasyouwish.—_____.A.ThesametoyouB.AllrightC.I’dliketoD.Certainly提示:此處對(duì)“祝您萬(wàn)事如意!”的答語(yǔ)可用:Thesametoyou./SodoI./Thanksverymuch.答案:A(4)Beijingwasattackedbysuchaterriblesandstorm_______fewresidentshadeverexperiencedbefore.A.asB.whichC.anditwasD.that提示:as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)作experienced的賓語(yǔ)。答案:A三、語(yǔ)法詳解間接引語(yǔ)和直接引語(yǔ)(Ⅱ)直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把祈使句中的動(dòng)詞原形改為動(dòng)詞不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式為否定式。在將直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)。（1）轉(zhuǎn)述表示命令、要求的祈使句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除用“tell/ordersb.todo”或“orderthat從句”結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可用“tell/saythat從句”表示。例如：“Useyourknife,man!”orderedtheBritishofficer.TheBritishofficertoldthemantousehisknife.TheBritishofficerorderedthemantousehisknife.(2)轉(zhuǎn)述表示建議、勸告的祈使句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)可用“suggest+動(dòng)名詞”或“suggest+that從句（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）”，這種用法在let祈使句中最為常見(jiàn)。例如：Hesaid,“Let’sleavethecoatsathome.”Hesuggestedourleavingthecoatsathome.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)leavethecoatsathome.（3）轉(zhuǎn)述表示號(hào)召、鼓勵(lì)的let祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)除用“urge/advisesb.todo”結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可用“urge/advise+that從句（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）”。例如：Thestrikeleadersaid,“Let’sshowthebossesthatweareunited.”Thestrikeleaderurgedtheworkerstoshowthebossesthattheywereunited.Thestrikeleaderurgedthattheworkersshouldshowthebossesthattheywereunited.(4)以lethim/them開(kāi)頭的祈使句有時(shí)僅表示說(shuō)話者要?jiǎng)e人做某事，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中用oughtto或should。例如：“It’snotmybusiness,”saidtheman,“l(fā)ettheleaderdosomethingaboutit.”Themansaidthatitwasnthisbusinessandtha